UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 悦读·导入 文章导语：蛋乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性 of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large 肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今 amounts.People who develop severe diarrhoea in countries 三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。 where cholera breaks out should seek'medical attention at Cholera once. Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through In a word,to avoid cholera,we should develop a good infected water and food.It is an illness caused by the habit.We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food. bacterium'called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin (肠毒素)that causes painless,watery diarrhoea(腹泻)that 词海淘宝 can quickly lead to severe dehydration (and death if l.bacterium/baek't joriam/n.细菌 treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do 2.coastal/kaustl/adj.沿海的 not become ill,although the bacterium is present in their 3.fluid /flu:d/n.液体adj,流体的 waste for 7-14 days.When cholera does happen,more than 4.mixture /mIkstf/n.混合：混合物 90%of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from 5.seek/si/t.寻找，探寻；追求 other types of diarrhoea.Less than 10%of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. 美文凝萃 A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating 1.Which of the following statements about cholera is food infected with the cholera bacterium.The disease can not true according to the passage? spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking A.Cholera can lead to severe dehydration and death. water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the B.Cholera is spread quickly through air. environment in dirty rivers and coastal'waters.Shellfish C.Cholera can be treated easily now. eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore,the disease D.Cholera can't be easily spread in areas with clean is not likely to spread directly from one person to another. drinking water. Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by 2.How can we avoid infecting cholera in life? immediate replacement of the fluid'and salt lost through diarrhoea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture 答案1.B2.略 Section I Reading and Thinking 课前 基础认知 词汇认知 9 n.联系：纽带t.把…连接起来：相 关联 重点单词 10 ad山，未煮的：生的；未经处理的：原始的 1. ad.相互矛盾的：对立的：不一致的 11 adj.干净的：纯的；纯粹的 2. n.微生物：细菌；病菌 n.减少；降低：减少量t.&i.(使大 3. n.证据；证明；检验 小、数量等)减少：减小：降低 adj.数量多的：多种多样的 词汇拓展 5. n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 13.infect ut.使感染；传染→ n.感染：传染 6. t.&.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌 l4.severe adj..极为恶劣的：十分严重的；严厉的→ 疑人；可疑对象 ad.严厉地：严重地→ n. t.把…归咎于：责怪；指责n.责备： 严重：严格：严厉 指责 l5.frustrated ad.懊恼的：沮丧的：失意的→ n.把手：拉手：柄t.处理：搬动：操纵（车 t.挫败（敌人）：阻挠；使懊恼→ n.挫 辆、动物、工具等) 折；沮丧
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS 悦读·导入 文章导语:霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibriocholera)引起的急性 肠道传染病,具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点,是当今 三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。 Cholera Choleraisawater-bornediseasethatisspreadthrough infected waterandfood.Itisanillnesscaused bythe bacterium1calledVibriocholera.Itproducesanenterotoxin (肠毒素)thatcausespainless,waterydiarrhoea(腹泻)that canquicklyleadtoseveredehydration(脱水)anddeathif treatmentisnotgiven.Mostpeopleinfectedwithcholerado notbecomeill,althoughthebacteriumispresentintheir wastefor7 14days.Whencholeradoeshappen,morethan 90%ofcasesarenotsevereandaredifficulttotellfrom othertypesofdiarrhoea.Lessthan10%ofillpeopledevelop cholerawithsignsofmoderateorseveredehydration. Apersonmaygetcholerabydrinkingwateroreating foodinfectedwiththecholerabacterium.Thediseasecan spreadrapidlyinareaswithoutpropertreatmentofdrinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environmentindirtyriversandcoastal2 waters.Shellfish eatenrawcanbeasourceofcholera.Therefore,thedisease isnotlikelytospreaddirectlyfromonepersontoanother. Choleracan besimply andsuccessfullytreated by immediatereplacementofthefluid3 andsaltlostthrough diarrhoea.Patientscanbetreatedbybeinggivenamixture4 ofsugarandsalttobemixedwithwateranddrunkinlarge amounts.Peoplewhodevelopseverediarrhoeaincountries wherecholerabreaksoutshouldseek5 medicalattentionat once. Inaword,toavoidcholera,weshoulddevelopagood habit.Weshouldeatwell-cookedfoodinsteadofrawfood. 词海淘宝 1.bacterium/bæk̍tIəriəm/n.细菌 2.coastal/̍kəʊstl/adj.沿海的 3.fluid/̍fluːId/n.液体 adj.流体的 4.mixture/̍mIkstʃə/n.混合;混合物 5.seek/siːk/vt.寻找,探寻;追求 美文凝萃 1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcholerais nottrueaccordingtothepassage? A.Choleracanleadtoseveredehydrationanddeath. B.Choleraisspreadquicklythroughair. C.Choleracanbetreatedeasilynow. D.Choleracantbeeasilyspreadinareaswithclean drinkingwater. 2.Howcanweavoidinfectingcholerainlife? 答案 1.B 2.略 SectionⅠ ReadingandThinking 课前·基础认知 词汇认知 重点单词 1. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 2. n.微生物;细菌;病菌 3. n.证据;证明;检验 4. adj.数量多的;多种多样的 5. n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 6. vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌 疑人;可疑对象 7. vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备; 指责 8. n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车 辆、动物、工具等) 9. n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相 关联 10. adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 11. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的 12. n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.&vi.(使大 小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 词汇拓展 13.infectvt.使感染;传染→ n.感染;传染 14.severeadj.极 为 恶 劣 的;十 分 严 重 的;严 厉 的 → adv.严厉地;严重地→ n. 严重;严格;严厉 15.frustratedadj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 → vt.挫败(敌人);阻挠;使懊恼→ n.挫 折;沮丧 1
英语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 16.transform ut.使改观；使改变形态 .改变：转变→ world. n.变化：转变 答案1.T2.T3.T4.F5.F 重点短语 Step 2 Detailed Reading 17. 最终地：彻底地 二、仔细阅读课文，选择最佳答案 18. 同意：赞同 1.The passage mainly tells us that 19. 幸亏：由于 A.the cause of cholera was polluted water 20. 因…而死；死于… B.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London 21. 总之：总起来说 C.the source of all drinking water should be examined 1.contradictory 2.germ 3.proof 4.multiple D.John Snow did some research and helped to solve cholera 5.household 6.suspect 7.blame 8.handle 9.link 2.What was the key to John Snow's discovery? 10.raw 11.pure 12.decrease 13.infection 14.severely; A.The government. severity 15.frustrate;frustration 16.transformation B.The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. 17.once and for all 18.subscribe to 19.thanks to C.The water company. 20.die from/of 21.in general D.The map made by himself. 阅读自测 3.At last,cholera was controlled by A.using medicines in hospital Step 1 Fast Reading B.driving patients out of the country 一、快速浏览课文，判断正(T)误(F) C.dealing with the polluted water 1.John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled D.getting rid of all kinds of pollution until its cause was found.( 4.What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence? 2.The second theory suggested that people took cholera into A.Cholera multiplied in the water. their bodies with their food or water.( B.Polluted water carried the germs. 3.John Snow collected proofs by marking on a map the C.A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. exact places where all those who died had lived.( D.Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause 4.A woman and her daughter had died of cholera before was found. they moved away from Brood Street.() 答案1.D2.D3.C4.B 5.Cholera has been controlled completely at present in the 课堂 重难突破 词汇精讲 by the intransigence of both sides. 完成句子 L.【教材原文】As a young doctor,John Snow became (2)恶劣的天气挫败了他攀登泰山的尝试。 frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(page 2) to climb Mountain Tai. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约瀚· (1)frustrated (2)Bad weather frustrated his 斯诺医生很沮丧。 attempt 考点frustrated adj,懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 2.【教材原文】Snow subscribed to the second theory. ustratew,挫败（敌人）：阻挠，使懊恼，使沮丧 (page 2) be frustrated in在…方面归于失败 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 frustrationn,懊丧：懊恼：令人懊丧的事物 考点subscribe vi.认购（股份）：定期订购；定期交纳 【语境领悟 (会费) (1)He was frustrated by his inability to wave down a taxi. subscribe to订阅；定期订购；同意；赞同 连一辆出租车都打不到，他很沮丧。 subscribe..to..在…上签署…：定期向…捐 (2)When things go wrong,all of us naturally feel subscriber n.(杂志等)订购者，订阅者；消费者，用户；定期 disappointed and frustrated. 捐助者 出问题时，我们大家自然都感到失望和沮丧。 !语境领悟 学以致用 (1)How much did you subscribe to the disaster fund? 单句语法填空 你捐助了多少救灾基金？ (1)He often appeared angry and (frustrate) (2)He could not subscribe to their unfair plan
英 语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 16.transformvt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ n.变化;转变 重点短语 17. 最终地;彻底地 18. 同意;赞同 19. 幸亏;由于 20. 因……而死;死于…… 21. 总之;总起来说 答案 1.contradictory 2.germ 3.proof 4.multiple 5.household 6.suspect 7.blame 8.handle 9.link 10.raw 11.pure 12.decrease 13.infection 14.severely; severity 15.frustrate;frustration 16.transformation 17.onceandforall 18.subscribeto 19.thanksto 20.diefrom/of 21.ingeneral 阅读自测 Step1 FastReading 一、快速浏览课文,判断正(T)误(F) 1.JohnSnowknewthatcholerawasnotabletobecontrolled untilitscausewasfound.( ) 2.Thesecondtheorysuggestedthatpeopletookcholerainto theirbodieswiththeirfoodorwater.( ) 3.JohnSnowcollectedproofsby markingona mapthe exactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.( ) 4.A womanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholerabefore theymovedawayfromBroodStreet.( ) 5.Cholerahasbeencontrolledcompletelyatpresentinthe world.( ) 答案 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F Step2 DetailedReading 二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案 1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat . A.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater B.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon C.thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined D.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolvecholera 2.WhatwasthekeytoJohnSnowsdiscovery? A.Thegovernment. B.ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet. C.Thewatercompany. D.Themapmadebyhimself. 3.Atlast,cholerawascontrolledby . A.usingmedicinesinhospital B.drivingpatientsoutofthecountry C.dealingwiththepollutedwater D.gettingridofallkindsofpollution 4.WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence? A.Choleramultipliedinthewater. B.Pollutedwatercarriedthegerms. C.Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera. D.Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscause wasfound. 答案 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 课堂·重难突破 词汇精讲 1.【教材原文】 Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame frustratedbecausenooneknew howtopreventortreat cholera.(page2) 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰· 斯诺医生很沮丧。 考点 frustratedadj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 frustratevt.挫败(敌人);阻挠;使懊恼,使沮丧 befrustratedin在……方面归于失败 frustrationn.懊丧;懊恼;令人懊丧的事物 语境领悟 (1)Hewasfrustratedbyhisinabilitytowavedownataxi. 连一辆出租车都打不到,他很沮丧。 (2)Whenthingsgo wrong,allofusnaturallyfeel disappointedandfrustrated. 出问题时,我们大家自然都感到失望和沮丧。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Heoftenappearedangryand (frustrate) bytheintransigenceofbothsides. 完成句子 (2)恶劣的天气挫败了他攀登泰山的尝试。 toclimbMountainTai. 答案 (1)frustrated (2)Badweatherfrustratedhis attempt 2.【教材原文】 Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory. (page2) 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 考点 subscribevi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳 (会费) subscribeto订阅;定期订购;同意;赞同 subscribe...to...在……上签署……;定期向……捐…… subscribern.(杂志等)订购者,订阅者;消费者,用户;定期 捐助者 语境领悟 (1)Howmuchdidyousubscribetothedisasterfund? 你捐助了多少救灾基金? (2)Hecouldnotsubscribetotheirunfairplan. 2
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 他不能同意他们的不公平计划。 句型转换 (3)I subscribed to a number of journals concerned with (4)I suspect that he is the pickpocket.(改为同义句) my subject. 我订阅了许多与我的课题有关的期刊。 答案(1)of(2)conducting(3)suspicious(4)I (4)He refused to subscribe his name to the paper. suspect him to be the pickpocket. 他拒绝在纸上签署自己的名字。 4.【教材原文】Snow suspected that the water pump 学以致用 was to blame.(page 2) 单句语法填空 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。 (1)Which journals will the library subscribe 考点blame ut.把…归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备； next year? 指责 (2)Write a letter to us at once and the free album put the blame on/upon sb把责任雅到：E offered to every new (subscribe). blame sb/sth for sth/doing sth图…怪罪，贡怪… (3)My reason for (subscribe)to New accept/take/bear the blame对…负贡 Scientist is to know about advances in science. be to blame应受谴责；应负责 完成句子 blame sth on sb/sth把贡任推给… (4)举国上下向遭受水灾的地区捐助了很多钱。 The whole nation 【语境领悟 (1)Don't always blame him,we are all at fault. 别老责怪他，我们都有错。 答案(1)to(2)subscriber(3)subscribing (2)A bad workman always blames his tools. (4)subscribed a lot of money to the flooded areas 拙工总怨工具差。 3.【教材原文】Snow suspected that the water pump (3)I know where the blame lies. 我知道错在哪。 was to blame.(page 2) (4)Nobody is to blame for it. 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。 这事谁也不怪。 考点suspect vt.&.i,怀疑：疑有；不信任：觉得（通常 不用于进行时)n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 温馨提示」 blame的不定式作表语时，常用主动形式 suspect sb/sth to be+n./ad山.怀疑/猜想某人（某物）为 表示被动含义。 suspect sb of(doing)sth怀疑某人（做过）某事 suspicious adj..可疑的，令人怀疑的 【学以致用 be suspicious of/about sth对某事怀疑 单句语法填空 suspicion m.怀疑，猜疑 (1)The driver blamed me the accident. suspect adj:不可信的：靠不住的 (2)Police (blame)the 1语境领悟 accident on dangerous driving. (3)She'll put the blame us if it turns out (1)I suspect he is ill badly. 我觉得他是病了。 (4)He said he would take whole blame. (2)You,I suspect,don't care. 答案(1)for(2)are blaming(3)on(4)the 我想，你不在乎罢了。 (3)The statement of an interested party is naturally 5.【教材原文】Accordingly,he had the handle of the suspect. pump removed so that it could not be used.(page 2) 利害关系人的陈述自然令人怀疑。 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 【学以致用 考点handle n.把手；拉手；柄 u.处理：（用手）触，拿， 搬动：操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） 单句语法填空 (1)The boss suspected him taking the 语境领悟 computer away from the company. (1)Have you turned the handle all the way to the right? (2)The man,suspected of conduct)a 你是一直向右扳把手吗？ series of bombings last year,was arrested by the police last (2)Don't handle food with dirty hands week. 别用脏手拿食物。 (3)Some of his colleagues at work became (3)Lots of stores,hotels and restaurants are needed to (suspect)of his behaviour. handle the crowds. 接待这么多人需要大量的商店、宾馆和饭店
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS 他不能同意他们的不公平计划。 (3)Isubscribedtoanumberofjournalsconcernedwith mysubject. 我订阅了许多与我的课题有关的期刊。 (4)Herefusedtosubscribehisnametothepaper. 他拒绝在纸上签署自己的名字。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Whichjournalswillthelibrarysubscribe nextyear? (2)Writealettertousatonceandthefreealbum offeredtoeverynew (subscribe). (3)Myreasonfor (subscribe)toNew Scientististoknowaboutadvancesinscience. 完成句子 (4)举国上下向遭受水灾的地区捐助了很多钱。 Thewholenation . 答案 (1)to (2)subscriber (3)subscribing (4)subscribedalotofmoneytothefloodedareas 3.【教材原文】 Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpump wastoblame.(page2) 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。 考点 suspectvt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任;觉得(通常 不用于进行时) n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 suspectsb/sthtobe+n./adj.怀疑/猜想某人(某物)为…… suspectsbof(doing)sth怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspiciousadj.可疑的,令人怀疑的 besuspiciousof/aboutsth对某事怀疑 suspicionn.怀疑,猜疑 suspectadj.不可信的;靠不住的 语境领悟 (1)Isuspectheisill. 我觉得他是病了。 (2)You,Isuspect,dontcare. 我想,你不在乎罢了。 (3)Thestatementofaninterestedpartyisnaturally suspect. 利害关系人的陈述自然令人怀疑。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Thebosssuspectedhim takingthe computerawayfromthecompany. (2)Theman,suspectedof (conduct)a seriesofbombingslastyear,wasarrestedbythepolicelast week. (3)Someofhiscolleaguesatworkbecame (suspect)ofhisbehaviour. 句型转换 (4)Isuspectthatheisthepickpocket.(改为同义句) → 答案 (1)of (2)conducting (3)suspicious (4)I suspecthimtobethepickpocket. 4.【教材原文】 Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpump wastoblame.(page2) 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。 考点 blamevt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备; 指责 puttheblameon/uponsb把责任推到……上 blamesb/sthforsth/doingsth因……怪罪,责怪…… accept/take/beartheblame对……负责 betoblame应受谴责;应负责 blamesthonsb/sth把责任推给…… 语境领悟 (1)Dontalwaysblamehim,weareallatfault. 别老责怪他,我们都有错。 (2)Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistools. 拙工总怨工具差。 (3)Iknowwheretheblamelies. 我知道错在哪。 (4)Nobodyistoblameforit. 这事谁也不怪。 blame的不定式作表语时,常用主动形式 表示被动含义。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Thedriverblamedme theaccident. (2)Police (blame)the accidentondangerousdriving. (3)Shellputtheblame usifitturnsout badly. (4)Hesaidhewouldtake wholeblame. 答案 (1)for (2)areblaming (3)on (4)the 5.【教材原文】 Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthe pumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(page2) 于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。 考点 handlen.把手;拉手;柄 v.处理;(用手)触,拿, 搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 语境领悟 (1)Haveyouturnedthehandleallthewaytotheright? 你是一直向右扳把手吗? (2)Donthandlefoodwithdirtyhands. 别用脏手拿食物。 (3)Lotsofstores,hotelsandrestaurantsareneededto handlethecrowds. 接待这么多人需要大量的商店、宾馆和饭店。 3
英语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 学以致用 7.【教材原文】Fortunately,we now know how to 单句语法填空 prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.(page 3) (1)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the 幸运的是，由于约榆·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如 machine,we must send for an engineer 何预防霍乱。 (handle)the problem. 考点thanks to幸亏；由于 (2)A new man was appointed 表示原因的介词短语有：due to,because of、on account of、 (handle)the crisis. owing to as a result of等。 完成句子 语境领悟 (3)我没有把握驾驶马力这样大的汽车。 I wasn't sure if (1)Thanks to your help,I became more confident and spent more time reading English books. 翻译句子 多亏了你的帮助，我变得更加自信，而且花更多的时间 (4)小心轻放！ 阅读英语书籍。 (2)Thanks to his strong constitution,Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness. 答案(I)to handle(2)to handle(3)I could handle 多亏了杰克强壮的体质，他才能度过最近的重病期。 such a powerful car (4)Handle with care! 【学以致用 6.【教材原文】.，and the threat of cholera around the 单句语法填空 world saw a substantial decrease.(page 3) (1)Thanks to your …世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 (encourage),I made continuous and encouraging progress in math,and 考点decrease n.减少：降低：减少量l.&.i.(使大 finally decided to study it in the university. 小、数量等)减少：减小；降低 (2)Thanks your approval,and if you decrease in...在…（方面）降低/减少 didn't approve of my plan,I would be fired by the employer. decrease to/by..减少到/减少了 完成句子 decrease from.to..从…减少/降低到 (3)多亏了王先生的指导，这个男孩决定改掉他的坏 on the decrease/increase正在减少/增加 习惯。 语境领悟 (1)Cases of this nature are on the decrease. the boy decided to get rid of his bad habits. 这种性质的案件正在减少。 (2)The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent. 答案(1)encouragement(2)to(3)Thanks to Mr 销售量差不多减少了20%。 Wang's guidance (3)The population of Japan begins to decrease. 8.【教材原文】Moreover,in his use of maps and 日本的人口开始减少。 statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 学以致用 (page 3) 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾 单句语法填空 病的方式。 (1)There has been a decrease the number 考点transform ut.使改观；使改变形态 .改变； of employees this year. (2)After taking the medicine,his temperature decreased 转变 from40℃ 36.8℃ transform..into.,把…变成 完成句子 transform..from.,从…转变/转化 (3)五年前这个村庄的人口是2000人，现在是1500 transformation.改观：变化：转变 人，那意味着人口已经下降了25%。 !语境领悟 Five years ago the population of the village was 2,000. (1)A cheap table can be transformed by an interesting Now it's 1,500,which means that cover. 一块趣味盎然的桌布就能使一张廉价的桌子面目一新。 (4)这种鸟的数量每年在减少。 (2)As China's first special economic zone,it was transformed The number of this kind of bird from a small fishing village into a major national economic every year. hub. 答案(1)in(2)to(3)it has decreased by25% 作为中国第一个经济特区，它由一个小渔村转变成一个 (4)is on the decrease 重要的国家经济中心
英 语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrong withthe machine,wemustsendforanengineer (handle)theproblem. (2)Anewmanwasappointed (handle)thecrisis. 完成句子 (3)我没有把握驾驶马力这样大的汽车。 Iwasntsureif . 翻译句子 (4)小心轻放! 答案 (1)tohandle (2)tohandle (3)Icouldhandle suchapowerfulcar (4)Handlewithcare! 6.【教材原文】 ...andthethreatofcholeraaroundthe worldsawasubstantialdecrease.(page3) ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 考点 decreasen.减少;降低;减少量 vt.&vi.(使大 小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 decreasein...在……(方面)降低/减少 decreaseto/by...减少到/减少了…… decreasefrom...to...从……减少/降低到…… onthedecrease/increase正在减少/增加 语境领悟 (1)Casesofthisnatureareonthedecrease. 这种性质的案件正在减少。 (2)Thedecreaseinsaleswasalmost20percent. 销售量差不多减少了20%。 (3)ThepopulationofJapanbeginstodecrease. 日本的人口开始减少。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Therehasbeenadecrease thenumber ofemployeesthisyear. (2)Aftertakingthemedicine,histemperaturedecreased from40℃ 36.8℃. 完成句子 (3)五年前这个村庄的人口是2000人,现在是1500 人,那意味着人口已经下降了25%。 Fiveyearsagothepopulationofthevillagewas2,000. Now its 1,500,which means that . (4)这种鸟的数量每年在减少。 Thenumber ofthis kind of bird everyyear. 答案 (1)in (2)to (3)ithasdecreasedby25% (4)isonthedecrease 7. 【教材原文】 Fortunately,wenow know howto preventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.(page3) 幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道了如 何预防霍乱。 考点 thanksto幸亏;由于 表示原因的介词短语有:dueto、becauseof、onaccountof、 owingto、asaresultof等。 语境领悟 (1)Thankstoyourhelp,Ibecamemoreconfidentand spentmoretimereadingEnglishbooks. 多亏了你的帮助,我变得更加自信,而且花更多的时间 阅读英语书籍。 (2)Thankstohisstrongconstitution,Jackwasableto pullthroughhisrecentseriousillness. 多亏了杰克强壮的体质,他才能度过最近的重病期。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Thankstoyour (encourage),I madecontinuousandencouragingprogressin math,and finallydecidedtostudyitintheuniversity. (2)Thanks yourapproval,andifyou didntapproveofmyplan,Iwouldbefiredbytheemployer. 完成句子 (3)多亏了王先生的指导,这个男孩决定改掉他的坏 习惯。 ,theboy decidedtogetridofhisbad habits. 答案 (1)encouragement (2)to (3)ThankstoMr Wangsguidance 8. 【教材原文】 Moreover,inhisuseof mapsand statistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases. (page3) 此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾 病的方式。 考点 transformvt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变; 转变 transform...into...把……变成…… transform...from...从……转变/转化 transformationn.改观;变化;转变 语境领悟 (1)Acheaptablecanbetransformedbyaninteresting cover. 一块趣味盎然的桌布就能使一张廉价的桌子面目一新。 (2)AsChinasfirstspecialeconomiczone,itwastransformed fromasmallfishingvillageintoamajornationaleconomic hub. 作为中国第一个经济特区,它由一个小渔村转变成一个 重要的国家经济中心。 4
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (3)We will transform our schools and colleges and (2)He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him. universities to meet the demands of a new age. 他跑得如此之快以至于没人能追上他。 我们将对中小学和高等郭院校实行改革，以适应新时代的需求。 (3)He is so smart a boy that we all like him. (4)Water can transform a desert into a garden. 他是一个如此机灵的男孩，我们都喜欢他。 水能使沙漠变为花园。 (4)There were so few guests that the host felt sad. 学以致用 宾客如此之少，主人很伤心。 单句语法填空 (5)We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. (1)In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete 我们走得太匆忙了，连门都忘了锁。 (transform). (6)He has made such rapid progress that he was praised (2)A complete change of climate transformed the area by his teacher. from a desert a swamp. 他进步非常快，老师表扬了他。 (3)But it cannot do all the work of 温馨提示」 (transform)China's economy. (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示 “小”时用such修饰。 句型转换 There was so little time left that we must hurry. (4)The village has been transformed into a small town 时间不多了，我们要快一点。 and it takes on a new look now. They are such little children that they can't understand it. 他们这么小的孩子是不会理解的。 (用动词-ed形式短语做状语改写句子) (2)在so.,that.和such..hat..句型中，当 完成句子 “so/such..,”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。 (5)到了旧的教育体制改革的时候了。 So hot a day was it that they all went swimming. It is high time that (Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming. 气那样热，他们都去游泳了。 (1)transformation (2)into (3)transforming (3)在such.…as..结构中，such..as..用于引导 (4)Transformed into a small town,the village takes on a 定语从句，此时不能用that来替换。 new look now. (5)the old educational systems were I don't like such books as he recommends. transformed 我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。 句型剖析 1学以致用 L.【教材原文】He discovered that in two particular 选词填空(so/such/hat/as)】 streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than (1)I was sleepy I could hardly 500 people died in ten days.(page 2) keep my eyes open 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有 (2)It was a hot day nobody 500多人死亡。 wanted to do anything 句法分析 (3)You can't imagine little birds can eat 本句是一个主从复合句，so..that..表示“如此… many insects in a short time. 以至于…”，引导结果状语从句，s0后常接形容词或副词， (4)It's a difficult problem 常见形式有： nobody can work out. adj./adv 完成句子 adj.十a/an十可数名词单数 that (5)So (她如此激动) S0十 many/few十可数名词复数 从句 that it took us an hour to calm her down much/little-十不可数名词 (6)Such such.that..也表示“如此…以至于…”，但such (他取得如此大的进步)that 修饰名词，常见形式有： his parents felt very happy. a/an十adj.十可数名词单数 答案(1)so;that(2)such;that(3)such:so;such that such adi.+可数名词复数 从句 (4)such;as (5)excited was she (6)great progress did he adj.十不可数名词 make 语境领悟 2.【教材原文】Accordingly,he had the handle of the (1)He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation. pump removed so that it could not be used.(page 2) 他接受了她的邀请，真是太傻了。 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS (3)Wewilltransform ourschoolsandcollegesand universitiestomeetthedemandsofanewage. 我们将对中小学和高等院校实行改革,以适应新时代的需求。 (4)Watercantransformadesertintoagarden. 水能使沙漠变为花园。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Inrecentyearshisideashaveundergoneacomplete (transform). (2)Acompletechangeofclimatetransformedthearea fromadesert aswamp. (3)Butitcannotdoalltheworkof (transform)Chinaseconomy. 句型转换 (4)Thevillagehasbeentransformedintoasmalltown andittakesonanewlooknow. → (用动词-ed 形式短语做状语改写句子) 完成句子 (5)到了旧的教育体制改革的时候了。 Itis high time that . 答案 (1)transformation (2)into (3)transforming (4)Transformedintoasmalltown,thevillagetakesona newlooknow. (5)theoldeducationalsystems were transformed 句型剖析 1.【教材原文】 Hediscoveredthatintwoparticular streetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan 500peoplediedintendays.(page2) 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有 500多人死亡。 句法分析 本句是一个主从复合句,so...that...表示“如此…… 以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后常接形容词或副词, 常见形式有: so+ adj./adv. adj.+a/an+可数名词单数 many/few+可数名词复数 much/little+不可数名词 + that 从句 such...that...也表示“如此……以至于……”,但such 修饰名词,常见形式有: such+ a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 adj.+可数名词复数 adj.+不可数名词 + that 从句 语境领悟 (1)Hewassofoolishthatheacceptedherinvitation. 他接受了她的邀请,真是太傻了。 (2)Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim. 他跑得如此之快以至于没人能追上他。 (3)Heissosmartaboythatwealllikehim. 他是一个如此机灵的男孩,我们都喜欢他。 (4)Thereweresofewgueststhatthehostfeltsad. 宾客如此之少,主人很伤心。 (5)Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor. 我们走得太匆忙了,连门都忘了锁。 (6)Hehasmadesuchrapidprogressthathewaspraised byhisteacher. 他进步非常快,老师表扬了他。 (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰,但表示 “小”时用such修饰。 Therewassolittletimeleftthatwemusthurry. 时间不多了,我们要快一点。 They are such little children that they cant understandit. 他们这么小的孩子是不会理解的。 (2)在 so...that...和 such...that...句型中,当 “so/such...”置于句首时,其所在的句子要用部分倒装。 Sohotadaywasitthattheyallwentswimming.= (Suchahotdaywasitthattheyallwentswimming.)天 气那样热,他们都去游泳了。 (3)在such...as...结构中,such...as...用于引导 定语从句,此时不能用that来替换。 Idontlikesuchbooksasherecommends. 我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。 学以致用 选词填空(so/such/that/as) (1)Iwas sleepy Icouldhardly keepmyeyesopen. (2)Itwas ahotday nobody wantedtodoanything. (3)Youcantimagine littlebirdscaneat manyinsectsin ashorttime. (4)Its adifficultproblem nobodycanworkout. 完成句子 (5)So (她如此激动) thatittookusanhourtocalmherdown. (6)Such (他取得如此大的进步)that hisparentsfeltveryhappy. 答案 (1)so;that (2)such;that (3)such;so;such (4)such;as (5)excitedwasshe (6)greatprogressdidhe make 2.【教材原文】 Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthe pumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(page2) 于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。 5
英语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 1句法分析 (3)in order that;in order to/so as to/to;In order to 本句是一个主从复合句，so that在此引导目的状语从 3.【教材原文】It seemed that the woman liked the 句，意为“以便，为了”。从句中含有情态动词could。. water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to 【语境领悟 her house every day.(page 2) (1)I will leave so that you can concentrate on your work. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那 我这就走，以便让你专心工作。 里打水运到她家里来。 (2)He came in quietly so that he wouldn't wake his wife up. 【句法分析 他悄悄地进来以免吵醒他的妻子。 本句是一个复合句，含有一个so..that..引导的结果 易混辨析 状语从句，从句中had it delivered为have sth done结构， so that引导的目的状语从句/结果状语 delivered做宾语补足语，表示宾语it与deliver之间为逻辑 从句 上的动宾关系。 易混项 辨析 例句 !语境领悟 so that意为“以便， I get up early so that I 在此结构中，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”。have sth 目的 为了”，从句谓语常 could catch the first done可表示三种含义： 状语 带有should/would/ bus. (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 从句 could/might等情态 我早起是为了赶上第一 I had that door painted last week 动词 班公共汽车。 上星期我请人给那扇门刷了油漆。 I got up early,so that I 结果 so that意为“因此， We had the machine repaired. caught the first bus. 状语 所以”，主从句可用 我们请人把机器修好了。 从句 我起得很早，所以赶上 逗号隔开 (2)(主语)完成某事（可能参与，也可能不参与）。 了第一班公共汽车。 We must have the work finished by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。 归纳拓展 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 (I)in order that也可以引导目的状语从 句，常与so that互换，so that一般不用于句首，而in I had my leg broken when I got off the bus. 下公交车时我的一条腿摔断了。 order that可用于句首。 I had my watch stolen last night. (2)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和 主句中的主语一致时，可将从句简化为in order to/soas 昨天晚上我的手表被偷了。 to结构。注意：so as to不能放在句首，而in order to可 温馨提示不管have sth done结构表示何种意义，宾 以放在句首。 语sth与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。 为了早日实现我们的理想，我们要更加努力地学习。 have(使，让)构成的其他常见结构： We must study harder so that/in order that we could 意为“让某人做 realise our dreams earlier. 某事”。宾语sb We must study harder so as to/in order to realise 与do构成逻辑 Joe had me find a car our dreams earlier. have sb do 上的主谓关系。 -In order to realise our dreams earlier,we must sth 相当于let/ for him. 乔让我给他找辆车。 study harder. make sb do sth 学以致用 或get sb to do sth结构 选词填空(so that/in order that) 意为“让某人一 (1)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born 直做某事”，强 I'm sorry to have you she could stay home and raise her family. have sb 调动作一直在 waiting here so long. (2) I can have time for a cup of doing sth 持续。宾语sb 很抱歉让你在这儿等这 tea,I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early. 与do构成逻辑 么久。 句型转换 上的主谓关系 (3)He left early so that he could avoid the traffic jam. He left early he could avoid the traffic jam. 学以致用 He left early avoid the traffic jam. 单句语法填空 avoid the traffic jam,he left early. (1)The director had her assistant (pick)up 答案(l)so that/,in order that(2)In order that some documents for the meeting
英 语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 句法分析 本句是一个主从复合句,sothat在此引导目的状语从 句,意为“以便,为了”。从句中含有情态动词could。 语境领悟 (1)Iwillleavesothatyoucanconcentrateonyourwork. 我这就走,以便让你专心工作。 (2)Hecameinquietlysothathewouldntwakehiswifeup. 他悄悄地进来以免吵醒他的妻子。 sothat引导的目的状语从句/结果状语 从句 易混项 辨析 例句 目的 状语 从句 sothat意为“以便, 为了”,从句谓语常 带有 should/would/ could/might等 情 态 动词 IgetupearlysothatI could catch the first bus. 我早起是为了赶上第一 班公共汽车。 结果 状语 从句 sothat意为“因此, 所以”,主从句可用 逗号隔开 Igotupearly,sothatI caughtthefirstbus. 我起得很早,所以赶上 了第一班公共汽车。 (1)inorderthat也可以引导目的状语从 句,常与sothat互换,sothat一般不用于句首,而in orderthat可用于句首。 (2)当sothat/inorderthat引导的从句中的主语和 主句中的主语一致时,可将从句简化为inorderto/soas to结构。注意:soasto不能放在句首,而inorderto可 以放在句首。 为了早日实现我们的理想,我们要更加努力地学习。 Wemuststudyhardersothat/inorderthatwecould realiseourdreamsearlier. →Wemuststudyhardersoasto/inordertorealise ourdreamsearlier. →Inordertorealiseourdreamsearlier,wemust studyharder. 学以致用 选词填空(sothat/inorderthat) (1)Cathyhadquitherjob whenherson wasborn shecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily. (2) Icanhavetimeforacupof tea,Idliketoarrive20minutesearly. 句型转换 (3)Heleftearlysothathecouldavoidthetrafficjam. Heleftearly hecould avoidthetrafficjam. Heleftearly avoidthetrafficjam. avoidthetrafficjam,heleftearly. 答案 (1)sothat/inorderthat (2)Inorderthat (3)inorderthat;inorderto/soasto/to;Inorderto 3.【教材原文】 Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthe waterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredto herhouseeveryday.(page2) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那 里打水运到她家里来。 句法分析 本句是一个复合句,含有一个so...that...引导的结果 状语从句,从句中haditdelivered为 havesthdone结构, delivered做宾语补足语,表示宾语it与deliver之间为逻辑 上的动宾关系。 语境领悟 在此结构中,have为使役动词,意为“使,让”。havesth done可表示三种含义: (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 Ihadthatdoorpaintedlastweek. 上星期我请人给那扇门刷了油漆。 Wehadthemachinerepaired. 我们请人把机器修好了。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与,也可能不参与)。 WemusthavetheworkfinishedbyTuesday. 我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 IhadmylegbrokenwhenIgotoffthebus. 下公交车时我的一条腿摔断了。 Ihadmywatchstolenlastnight. 昨天晚上我的手表被偷了。 不管havesthdone结构表示何种意义,宾 语sth与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。 have(使,让)构成的其他常见结构: havesbdo sth 意为“让某人做 某事”。宾语sb 与do构成逻辑 上的主谓关系。 相 当 于 let/ makesbdosth 或 getsbtodo sth结构 Joehad mefindacar forhim. 乔让我给他找辆车。 have sb doingsth 意为“让某人一 直做 某 事”,强 调动 作 一 直 在 持续。宾 语 sb 与do构成逻辑 上的主谓关系 Imsorrytohaveyou waitingheresolong. 很抱歉让你在这儿等这 么久。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Thedirectorhadherassistant (pick)up somedocumentsforthemeeting. 6
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS (2)I had her (type)out the paper. The teacher can't (3)The patient is seriously ill.We'd better have him in class. (operate)on in no time. 答案(1)pick(2)typing(3)operated(4)have 完成句子 students whispering (4)这位老师不能容忍学生在课堂上窃窃私语。 随堂训练 一、单词拼写 1.conclusion 2.scientific 3.infection 4.to blame 1.What (结论)did they draw from the 5.a experiments? 三、完成句子 2.Why do you (怀疑)him of taking your 1,直到上中学我才意识到父母是多么正确。 watch away? I didn't realise how right my parents were 3.I think you are too (严厉的)on the students. 2.有很多种方法可以防止此事发生。 4.I have (定期订购)to China Daily for There were many ways many years. 5.We finally got several (证据)of his innocence 3.她病得如此严重，不得不停止工作。 答案l.conclusion2.suspect 3.severe 4.subscribed She was she had to stop 5.proofs working. 二、单句语法填空 4.他没计划好时间，结果没及时完成工作。 1.You can't draw a conclude)without He didn't plan his time well, enough experiments. 2.As a young man,he has done many kinds of (science)research. 5.我的老师让人把他的电脑修好了。 3.The second theory suggested that cholera was caused by My teacher had an (infect)from germs in water. 4.I feel it is your husband who is 1.until I entered high school 2.to prevent this from (blame)for the spoiled child. happening 3.so ill that 4.so that he didn't finish the 5.Snow was later able to show link between work in time 5.his computer repaired well other cases of cholera. 课后·训练提升 一、单词拼写 答案decreased 1.Most people are f in themselves. 二、单句语法填空 答案frustrated 1.Let's settle the problem once and all, 2.If two statements are c that is to say, 答案for they are different and can't both be true. 2.A wise person usually subscribes approval in 答案contradictory a different way 3.The h was still asleep at six in the 答案to morning. 3.Thanks your help,I have worked out a 答案household good plan. 4.A man who has m interests usually has lots 答案to of friends. 4.As a result his careless,he failed in the 答案multiple examination. 5.A clerk must know how to h difficult 答案of customers. 5.You are much more likely get cholera if 答案handle you drink such infected water. 6.The number of traffic accidents now has d 答案to
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS (2)Ihadher (type)outthepaper. (3)Thepatientisseriouslyill.Wedbetterhavehim (operate)oninnotime. 完成句子 (4)这位老师不能容忍学生在课堂上窃窃私语。 Theteachercant inclass. 答案 (1)pick (2)typing (3)operated (4)have studentswhispering 随堂训练 一、单词拼写 1.What (结 论)didtheydrawfrom the experiments? 2.Whydoyou (怀 疑)him oftakingyour watchaway? 3.Ithinkyouaretoo (严 厉 的)onthe students. 4.Ihave (定 期 订 购)toChina Dailyfor manyyears. 5.Wefinallygotseveral (证据)ofhisinnocence. 答案 1.conclusion 2.suspect 3.severe 4.subscribed 5.proofs 二、单句语法填空 1.Youcantdrawa (conclude)without enoughexperiments. 2.Asayoungman,hehasdonemanykindsof (science)research. 3.Thesecondtheorysuggestedthatcholerawascausedby an (infect)fromgermsinwater. 4.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhois (blame)forthespoiledchild. 5.Snowwaslaterabletoshow linkbetween othercasesofcholera. 答案 1.conclusion 2.scientific 3.infection 4.toblame 5.a 三、完成句子 1.直到上中学我才意识到父母是多么正确。 Ididntrealisehowrightmyparentswere . 2.有很多种方法可以防止此事发生。 There were many ways . 3.她病得如此严重,不得不停止工作。 Shewas shehadtostop working. 4.他没计划好时间,结果没及时完成工作。 Hedidntplanhistimewell, . 5.我的老师让人把他的电脑修好了。 Myteacherhad . 答案 1.untilIenteredhighschool 2.topreventthisfrom happening 3.soillthat 4.sothathedidntfinishthe workintime 5.hiscomputerrepairedwell 课后·训练提升 一、单词拼写 1.Mostpeoplearef inthemselves. 答案 frustrated 2.Iftwostatementsarec ,thatistosay, theyaredifferentandcantbothbetrue. 答案 contradictory 3.Theh wasstillasleepatsixinthe morning. 答案 household 4.Amanwhohasm interestsusuallyhaslots offriends. 答案 multiple 5.Aclerk mustknow howtoh difficult customers. 答案 handle 6.Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsnowhasd . 答案 decreased 二、单句语法填空 1.Letssettletheproblemonceand all. 答案 for 2.Awisepersonusuallysubscribes approvalin adifferentway. 答案 to 3.Thanks yourhelp,Ihaveworkedouta goodplan. 答案 to 4.Asaresult hiscareless,hefailedinthe examination. 答案 of 5.Youaremuch morelikely getcholeraif youdrinksuchinfectedwater. 答案 to 7
英语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 三、完成句子 believe that they will be able to reduce the amount of 1.他过去是一个非常优秀的学生。 sulphur by 90 percent very soon to make arboform usable He for home needs. student. In addition,liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly.The 答案used to be a very excellent analysis of arboform showed that the material had all of its 2.没人能阻止历史的车轮前进。 qualities even if it was reprocessed ten times. Nobody can prevent 1.It can be concluded that German researchers will focus their future work firstly on the 答案the wheels of history from running forwards A.material's wide use 3.使我吃惊的是，他在这么短的时间里竞取得这么大的 B.content of sulphur in arboform 进步。 C.production cost of arboform To my surprise,he D.qualities of liquid wood 答案B 解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，如果用 答案has made such great progress in a short time liquid wood代替塑料，科学家首先考虑的应该是如何去 4他决心成为一名志愿者。 除liquid wood里面高含量的硫。 He be a volunteer. 2.Which of the following is NOT true? 答案was determined to A.Lignin contains poisons that can cause cancer. 5.多亏了这场大雨，否则庄稼就会死了。 B.Plastic does harm to our society in many ways. C.The liquid wood helps to protect our environment. ,otherwise,the crops will die. D.Arboform isn't usable for home need at present. 答案Thanks to the heavy rain 答案A 四、阅读理解 解析细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素有致癌的 毒素。 Plastic is one of the most important technological 3.The best title of the passage should be discoveries of the 20th century.However,German scientists A.Plastic Has a Number of Disadvantages are certain that this material may soon be replaced.The new B.A New Material-Plastic development-liquid woodcan replace plastics in all branches C.Liquid Wood to Replace Plastic of modern industries. D.How to Protect Arboform Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the 答案C modern world,but it does have a number of disadvantages. 解析标题归纳题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料liquid First,plastic is not recyclable.Second,it contains poisons wOod将会代替塑料，所以C项可做文章的标题。 that can cause cancer.Finally,plastic is made of oil,which is not endless. The liquid wood technology is able to replace plastic Ada Byron who was born in 1815,was the daughter of and providing mankind with new materials for many years the British poet Lord Byron and Anne Milbanke.Her ahead.Arboform is a new material,which can be got from parents separated just a month after Ada was born.Four soft tissues(of wood.Once mixed with several other months later,Byron left England forever.Ada never met her ingredients(成分)，it turns into solid and nom-poisonous father(who died in Greece in 1824)and was raised by her material. mother. The wood-working industry separates wood into three Lady Byron wished her daughter to be unlike her father basic things,including lignin(木质素)，which is not used for and she insisted that Ada,who was educated privately,study the production of paper.Specialists of the Faunhofer Institute mathematics.Ada did well not only in mathematics and mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus science,but also in music and dance. invented the material which could be melted and moulded. Ada met Charles Babbage in 1833.Babbage was a When solid,arboform looks like plastic and possesses famous English mathematician.He was known as the the qualities of wood,it can be used for the production of any inventor of a calculating machine called the Difference items. Engine.Babbage had made plans in 1834 for a new kind of Arboform is already used for the production of car calculating machine(although the Difference Engine was not parts.However,the new invention does not enjoy a wide use finished,an Analytical Engine(分析机).Few people in due to the high content of sulphur()in it.German researchers England supported his plans.But he found support for his 8
英 语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 三、完成句子 1.他过去是一个非常优秀的学生。 He student. 答案 usedtobeaveryexcellent 2.没人能阻止历史的车轮前进。 Nobodycanprevent . 答案 thewheelsofhistoryfromrunningforwards 3.使我吃惊的是,他在这么短的时间里竟取得这么大的 进步。 Tomysurprise,he . 答案 hasmadesuchgreatprogressinashorttime 4.他决心成为一名志愿者。 He beavolunteer. 答案 wasdeterminedto 5.多亏了这场大雨,否则庄稼就会死了。 ,otherwise,thecropswilldie. 答案 Thankstotheheavyrain 四、阅读理解 A Plasticisone ofthe mostimportanttechnological discoveriesofthe20thcentury.However,Germanscientists arecertainthatthismaterialmaysoonbereplaced.Thenew development—liquidwood—canreplaceplasticsinallbranches ofmodernindustries. Plasticasamaterialenjoysthebiggestdemandinthe modernworld,butitdoeshaveanumberofdisadvantages. First,plasticisnotrecyclable.Second,itcontainspoisons thatcancausecancer.Finally,plasticismadeofoil,whichis notendless. Theliquidwoodtechnologyisabletoreplaceplastic andprovidingmankindwithnew materialsformanyyears ahead.Arboformisanew material,whichcanbegotfrom softtissues(组织)ofwood.Oncemixedwithseveralother ingredients(成 分),itturnsintosolidandnon-poisonous material. Thewood-workingindustryseparateswoodintothree basicthings,includinglignin(木质素),whichisnotusedfor theproductionofpaper.SpecialistsoftheFaunhoferInstitute mixedlignin with several natural materials and thus inventedthematerialwhichcouldbemeltedandmoulded. Whensolid,arboformlookslikeplasticandpossesses thequalitiesofwood,itcanbeusedfortheproductionofany items. Arboformisalreadyusedfortheproductionofcar parts.However,thenewinventiondoesnotenjoyawideuse duetothehighcontentofsulphur(硫)init.Germanresearchers believethatthey willbeabletoreducetheamountof sulphurby90percentverysoontomakearboformusable forhomeneeds. Inaddition,liquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly.The analysisofarboformshowedthatthematerialhadallofits qualitiesevenifitwasreprocessedtentimes. 1.ItcanbeconcludedthatGermanresearcherswillfocus theirfutureworkfirstlyonthe . A.materialswideuse B.contentofsulphurinarboform C.productioncostofarboform D.qualitiesofliquidwood 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,如果用 liquidwood代替塑料,科学家首先考虑的应该是如何去 除liquidwood里面高含量的硫。 2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue? A.Lignincontainspoisonsthatcancausecancer. B.Plasticdoesharmtooursocietyinmanyways. C.Theliquidwoodhelpstoprotectourenvironment. D.Arboformisntusableforhomeneedatpresent. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素有致癌的 毒素。 3.Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe . A.PlasticHasaNumberofDisadvantages B.ANew Material—Plastic C.LiquidWoodtoReplacePlastic D.HowtoProtectArboform 答案 C 解析 标题归纳题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料liquid wood将会代替塑料,所以C项可做文章的标题。 B AdaByronwhowasbornin1815,wasthedaughterof theBritish poet Lord Byron and Anne Milbanke.Her parentsseparatedjustamonthafterAdawasborn.Four monthslater,ByronleftEnglandforever.Adanevermether father(whodiedinGreecein1824)andwasraisedbyher mother. LadyByronwishedherdaughtertobeunlikeherfather andsheinsistedthatAda,whowaseducatedprivately,study mathematics.Adadid wellnotonlyin mathematicsand science,butalsoinmusicanddance. Ada metCharles Babbagein1833.Babbage wasa famous English mathematician.He was known asthe inventorofacalculating machinecalledthe Difference Engine.Babbagehadmadeplansin1834foranewkindof calculatingmachine(althoughtheDifferenceEnginewasnot finished),an AnalyticalEngine(分 析 机).Few peoplein Englandsupportedhisplans.Buthefoundsupportforhis 8
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS new calculating machine abroad.In 1842,an Italian A.Because his first calculating machine was not finished. mathematician,Louis Menebrea,published an article in his B.Because no one in Britain thought the machine was useful. native language on the subject of the Analytical Engine. C.Because most of his previous inventions proved useless. Babbage asked Ada to translate the article. D.Because British people were not interested in his invention. When she showed Babbage her translation,he suggested 答案A that she add her own notes,which turned out to be three 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Babbage had made times as long as Menabrea's.The notes brought her great plans in 1834 for a new kind of calculating machine fame.In her notes,Ada predicted that such a machine might (although the Difference Engine was not finished),an be used to write music,to draw pictures,and would be used Analytical Engine.Few people in England supported his for both practical and science use.She was correct. plans.”可知，Babbage在英国得不到支持的原因是他的第 Ada died of cancer in 1852.In 1980,165th years after 一台计算机还没有完成。 Ada's birth,the US Defense Department announced a powerful 6.Menebrea's article on Analytical Engine was written in new computer language.They named it Ada in honour of A.English B.Italian C.French D.German Ada Lovelace's important role in the history of computing. 答案B 4.It can be inferred that Ada's mother. 解析细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知，Menebrea A.was too poor to send Ada to accept normal education 是意大利人，他用自己母语写的文章，故知这篇文章是用 B.wanted her daughter to be a great poet as her father 意大利语写的。 C.didn't think Ada could do well in her studies D.hoped that Ada became a mathematician one day 7.We can learn about Ada from the passage that A.she was remembered as a great translator 答案D B.her predictions in her notes have become true 解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“.，and she insisted C.her notes were written in computer language that Ada,who was educated privately,study mathematics" D.she helped to make the first Analytical Engine 以推测Ada的妈妈坚决要求自己的女儿学习数学，可能 答案B 是希望将来她能成为数学家。 解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容特别是“She was 5.Why didn't Babbage find support for his Analytical Engine in correct..”可知，Ada的预言成了现实。 Britain? Section II Learning About Language 课前 ·基础认知 词汇认知 词汇拓展 7.thinking n.思想；思维；见解→ U,想：认为→ 重点单词 n.思想；想法：思考 n.蛋白质 8.finding n.发现：调查结果：（法律）判决→ 2 n,细胞：小房间：单间牢房 t.发现，找到；发觉 3. n.病毒 9.initial adj.最初的；开始的：第一的→ n.疫苗 t.开始：发起；创始→ adu.开始；最初 5. n.框架：结构 1.protein 2.cell 3.virus 4.vaccine 5.framework 6 adj.可靠的：固体的：坚实的n.固体 6.solid 7.think;thought 8.find 9.initiate;initially 语法图解 表语从句 概念：在主从复合句中，做表语的句子 连词：that、whether、asif、as though,as、because等 引导词连接代词：what、whatever、who、whoever、which、whichever等 表语从句 连接副词：when、where、how、why等 作用：在主从复合句中做表语 可接表语从句的连系动词：be、look、remain、seem等 9
UNIT1 SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS new calculating machine abroad.In 1842,an Italian mathematician,LouisMenebrea,publishedanarticleinhis nativelanguageonthesubjectoftheAnalyticalEngine. BabbageaskedAdatotranslatethearticle. WhensheshowedBabbagehertranslation,hesuggested thatsheaddherownnotes,whichturnedouttobethree timesaslongasMenabreas.Thenotesbroughthergreat fame.Inhernotes,Adapredictedthatsuchamachinemight beusedtowritemusic,todrawpictures,andwouldbeused forbothpracticalandscienceuse.Shewascorrect. Adadiedofcancerin1852.In1980,165thyearsafter Adasbirth,theUSDefenseDepartmentannouncedapowerful newcomputerlanguage.TheynameditAdainhonourof AdaLovelacesimportantroleinthehistoryofcomputing. 4.ItcanbeinferredthatAdasmother . A.wastoopoortosendAdatoacceptnormaleducation B.wantedherdaughtertobeagreatpoetasherfather C.didntthinkAdacoulddowellinherstudies D.hopedthatAdabecameamathematicianoneday 答案 D 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...andsheinsisted thatAda,whowaseducatedprivately,studymathematics”可 以推测 Ada的妈妈坚决要求自己的女儿学习数学,可能 是希望将来她能成为数学家。 5.WhydidntBabbagefindsupportforhisAnalyticalEnginein Britain? A.Becausehisfirstcalculatingmachinewasnotfinished. B.BecausenooneinBritainthoughtthemachinewasuseful. C.Becausemostofhispreviousinventionsproveduseless. D.BecauseBritishpeoplewerenotinterestedinhisinvention. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Babbagehadmade plansin1834foranew kindofcalculating machine (althoughtheDifferenceEnginewasnotfinished),an AnalyticalEngine.FewpeopleinEnglandsupportedhis plans.”可知,Babbage在英国得不到支持的原因是他的第 一台计算机还没有完成。 6.MenebreasarticleonAnalyticalEnginewaswrittenin . A.English B.Italian C.French D.German 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知,Menebrea 是意大利人,他用自己母语写的文章,故知这篇文章是用 意大利语写的。 7.WecanlearnaboutAdafromthepassagethat . A.shewasrememberedasagreattranslator B.herpredictionsinhernoteshavebecometrue C.hernoteswerewrittenincomputerlanguage D.shehelpedtomakethefirstAnalyticalEngine 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段内容特别是 “Shewas correct.”可知,Ada的预言成了现实。 SectionⅡ LearningAboutLanguage 课前·基础认知 词汇认知 重点单词 1. n.蛋白质 2. n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 3. n.病毒 4. n.疫苗 5. n.框架;结构 6. adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 词汇拓展 7.thinkingn.思想;思维;见解→ v.想;认为→ n.思想;想法;思考 8.findingn.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→ vt.发现,找到;发觉 9.initialadj.最初的;开始的;第一的→ vt.开始;发起;创始→ adv.开始;最初 答案 1.protein 2.cell 3.virus 4.vaccine 5.framework 6.solid 7.think;thought 8.find 9.initiate;initially 语法图解 表语从句 表语从句 概念:在主从复合句中,做表语的句子 引导词 连词:that、whether、asif、asthough、as、because等 连接代词:what、whatever、who、whoever、which、whichever等 连接副词:when、where、how、why等 作用:在主从复合句中做表语 可接表语从句的连系动词:be、look、remain、seem等 9
英语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 探究发现 这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。 1.My opinion is that the villager really didn't understand 6.Things were not as they seemed to be. the policeman. 情况并不是看上去的那个样子。 我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。 7.It looks as if it is(were)going to rain. 2.That's what we should do. 看起来天要下雨。 那是我们的本分。 ?思考发现 3.The question is how the tiger got out of the cage. 以上句子都包含」 从句，可以接表语从句的 问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。 连系动词有 动词，look等，引导表语从句的有 4.That's why they decided to hold a meeting. 连词，如句 :连接代词，如句：连接副词，如句 那就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。 5.This is where I met Mary for the first time 答案表语：be;1,6、7;2;3、4、5 课堂·重难突破 语法精析 麻烦的是我把他的地址弄丢了。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 表语从句 一、表语从句的概念 温馨提示」从属连词一般不用来引导表语从句，但 是asif却可以。如：All this was over twenty years ago, 在主从复合句中，用作表语的从句叫做表语从句 but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事 (predicative clause)。引导表语从句的关联词有连词(that、 了，但宛如昨天一样。 whether、asif、as though、as、because等)、连接代词(what、 whatever、who、whoever、which、whichever等)、连接副词 即学即练 (when、where、how、why等)。 二、表语从句的结构及用法 单句语法填空 在主从复合句中，表语从句总是位于连系动词(be、 (1)That's she is so happy. look、remain、seem等)之后，必须有连接词连接，连接词除 (2)My opinion is he will not agree. that之外，都有其句法意义。连接词一般不可省略。如： 完成句子 The problem is who we can get to replace her. (3)你的钥匙就在你放的地方。 问题是我们能找谁去替代她。 Your keys are The question is how to do it. 问题是如何做此事。 (4)事实是他错过了这次采访。 That was what she did this morning on the attic The fact is 那就是她今天早晨在阁楼上所做的。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before 答案(1)why(2)that(3)where you left them 他看起来还与十年前一样。 (4)that he missed the interview The trouble is that I have lost his address. 随堂训练 一、写出下列前缀的意义，然后写出派生词 过；成为translation;transplant 1.re- v.重建： 二、单句语法填空（用who/what/that/whether填空） v.复述： v复习 1.My question is will take over president of 2.dis- adj.不诚实 the Foundation. 的： v.发现 2.The fact is he has not been seen recently. 3.micro- ,显微镜； 3.The point is we should lend him the n,缩微胶卷 money. 4.trans- n.翻译； 4.The girl isn't she was ten years ago. v.移植 5.My idea is we should get more people to 答案l重新；再rebuild;.retell:review2.不…；非… attend the meeting. dishonest;discover 3.microscope;microfilm 4. 答案l.who2.that3.that4.what5.whether 10
英 语 选择性必修 第二册 配人教版 探究发现 1.Myopinionisthatthevillagerreallydidntunderstand thepoliceman. 我认为那位村民确实没有理解警察的意思。 2.Thatswhatweshoulddo. 那是我们的本分。 3.Thequestionishowthetigergotoutofthecage. 问题是老虎是怎么从笼子里出去的。 4.Thatswhytheydecidedtoholdameeting. 那就是他们为什么决定要开会的原因。 5.ThisiswhereImetMaryforthefirsttime. 这就是我第一次遇见玛丽的地方。 6.Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe. 情况并不是看上去的那个样子。 7.Itlooksasifitis(或 were)goingtorain. 看起来天要下雨。 以上句子都包含 从句,可以接表语从句的 连系动词有 动词,look等,引导表语从句的有 连词,如句 ;连接代词,如句 ;连接副词,如句 。 答案 表语;be;1、6、7;2;3、4、5 课堂·重难突破 语法精析 表语从句 一、表语从句的概念 在主从 复 合 句 中,用 作 表 语 的 从 句 叫 做 表 语 从 句 (predicativeclause)。引导表语从句的关联词有连词(that、 whether、asif、asthough、as、because等)、连接代词(what、 whatever、who、whoever、which、whichever等)、连接副词 (when、where、how、why等)。 二、表语从句的结构及用法 在主从复合句中,表语从句总是位于连系动词(be、 look、remain、seem 等)之后,必须有连接词连接,连接词除 that之外,都有其句法意义。连接词一般不可省略。如: Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher. 问题是我们能找谁去替代她。 Thequestionishowtodoit. 问题是如何做此事。 Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningontheattic. 那就是她今天早晨在阁楼上所做的。 Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress. 麻烦的是我把他的地址弄丢了。 Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但 是asif却可以。如:Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago, butitsasifitwasonlyyesterday.这都是20多年前的事 了,但宛如昨天一样。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)Thats sheissohappy. (2)Myopinionis hewillnotagree. 完成句子 (3)你的钥匙就在你放的地方。 Yourkeysare . (4)事实是他错过了这次采访。 Thefactis . 答案 (1)why (2)that (3)whereyouleftthem (4)thathemissedtheinterview 随堂训练 一、写出下列前缀的意义,然后写出派生词 1.re- ; v.重 建; v.复述; v.复习 2.dis- ; adj.不 诚 实 的; v.发现 3.micro- ; n.显微镜; n.缩微胶卷 4.trans- ; n.翻译; v.移植 答案 1.重新;再 rebuild;retell;review 2.不……;非…… dishonest;discover 3.微 microscope;microfilm 4.通 过;成为 translation;transplant 二、单句语法填空(用who/what/that/whether填空) 1.Myquestionis willtakeoverpresidentof theFoundation. 2.Thefactis hehasnotbeenseenrecently. 3.Thepointis weshouldlendhimthe money. 4.Thegirlisnt shewastenyearsago. 5.Myideais weshouldgetmorepeopleto attendthemeeting. 答案 1.who 2.that 3.that 4.what 5.whether 10