Lightning&Surge Protection 雷电及过电压保护讲座 蔡振新（高工） 1
1 Lightning&Surge Protection 雷电及过电压保护讲座 蔡振新（高工）
雷云 蕾云 雷云对大地放电， 并产生舜态空间 雷云之间发生闪击产生的 电磁波 空中电磁波 避雷针 空中电磁场在导线上产生感应 号引下线 雷电 信号线 微电子设备 电源线 地网 配电柜 埋地信号线 聚题题魔翼 感应雷击示意图 2
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1997年对超过8722多件案例损坏原因的分析 水灾 6,22% 火灾 4,88% 不小心/误操作 22,67% 盗窃 7,01% 过电压 其它 31,68% 26,76% (雷击及操作过电压) 风暴 0,78% 3
3 1997年对超过8722多件案例损坏原因的分析 过电压 31,68% (雷击及操作过电压) 盗窃 7,01% 火灾 4,88% 水灾 6,22% 不小心/误操作 22,67% 其它 26,76% 风暴 0,78%
中国各主要城市雷暴天数 地名 平均全年日期 最早初日（日/月） 最晚终日（日/月） 海口 104.3 1/1 30/12 上海 32.2 14/2 10/10 重庆 40.1 14/2 1/12 拉萨 75.4 9/3 3/11 武汉 26.7 11/1 20/12 北京 36.7 30/3 3/11 呼和浩特 29.5 20/3 24/10 哈尔滨 28.9 20/4 10/10
4 中国各主要城市雷暴天数 地名 平均全年日期 最早初日(日/月) 最晚终日(日/月) 海口 104.3 1/1 30/12 上海 32.2 14/2 10/10 重庆 40.1 14/2 1/12 拉萨 75.4 9/3 3/11 武汉 26.7 11/1 20/12 北京 36.7 30/3 3/11 呼和浩特 29.5 20/3 24/10 哈尔滨 28.9 20/4 10/10
建筑物被烧毁 5
5 建筑物被烧毁
过路板及元器件损怀 RE Pea?h NOZIS188SO v268ds 14 22又25 30C0的 M109690 6
6 电路板及元器件损坏
配电柜被损杯 想中e黑合台运 B5555 6840s9 间 7e3 595 9agg出日 ◆g其 7
7 配电柜被损坏
雷暴引起感应雷击及过电压 直击雷或邻近雷击： 1 击在外部防雷系统，如保护框架（工业装置上）电缆上等。 2b 1a 浪涌电流在接地电阻Rst上引起电压降。 1b 闭合环路感应产生过电压 20 kV 123 N 2c 2a 远处雷击： 击在远处架空输送线 缆上 2b 雷云之间的放电通过 架空线缆引起感应雷 1a 电波及过电压。 Rst 2c 在野外，雷电击中通信 信息系统 电源系统 线缆 8
8 雷暴引起感应雷击及过电压 直击雷或邻近雷击: 击在外部防雷系统，如保护框架（工业装置上.）电缆上等。 浪涌电流在接地电阻Rst上引起电压降。 闭合环路感应产生过电压 信息系统 电源系统 L1 L2 L3 PEN 20 kV Rst 2c 1a 1b 1 2a 2b 1 1a 1b 远处雷击: 击在远处架空输送线 缆上 雷云之间的放电通过 架空线缆引起感应雷 电波及过电压。 在野外,雷电击中通信 线缆 2a 2b 2c
邻近建筑物之间危险的浪涌雷击、 几100kA 几10kV 几100kV 几10kV 230V OV 通信 线缆 230V 几kA 几10kA 几10kA 几kA Water Gas 几2 几kA 几2 几kA 几2 几kA 9
9 邻近建筑物之间危险的浪涌雷击 几 100 kA 几 10 kV 几 100 kV 几 kA 几 10 kA 几 10 kV 通信 线缆 OV 230 V~ 几 10 kA 几 kA Water / Gas 几 几 kA 几 几 kA 几 几 kA 230V
IEC TC81雷电保护 IEC61024-1/ Standard IEC 61024 Standard IEC 61643 Protection of Standard IEC 61312 Technical Report IEC Ed.2 Protection against LEMP Lightning protection 61662 Technical Protection of structures -Telecommunication Assessment of risk Report structure against against lightning lines of damage due to EC61819/ fire,explosion Part 1:General lightning Ed.1 and life hazards principles Published:1995-04 Test parameters IEC 81/151/CDV Part 1:General 1EC61312-1 Part 1:Fibre optic Amendment 1 to simulating the Status:MCR principles Published:1995-02 installations IEC61662 effects of LPS circulated IEC61024-1 IEC61643-1 Published:1996-05 components Forecast:2001 Published:1990-03 Part 2(technical Published:1999-07 IEC 81/145/CDV specification): Forecast:2001 Shielding of structure, TR bonding Section 1:Guide A inside structure and Part 2:Lines using IEC 61662/Ed.2 TS Selection of protection earthing metallic conductors Risk due to lightning levels for lightning IEC 61312-2 TS IEC 81/164/FDIS IEC 81/156/CD protection systems Published:1999-08 Forecast 2001 Forecast:2001 IEC61024-1-1 Published:1993-08 Part 3-(technical specification): Section 2:Guide B Requirements of surge Design,installation, protective devices Part 4 (Technical maintenance and (SPDs) IEC 61312-3 TS Report): Part 5:Application inspection of lightning Protection of Guide protection systems Published:2000-07 IEC 81/165/CD Published:1998-05 equipment in existing structures Forecast:2000 Amendment 1:Annex D Published:1998-09 Coordination of SPD within existing structures IEC 81/150/CD Forecast:2001 10
10 Standard IEC 61024 Protection of structures against lightning Standard IEC 61312 Protection against LEMP Standard IEC 61643 Lightning protection -Telecommunication lines Technical Report IEC 61662 Assessment of risk of damage due to lightning Published: 1995-04 Amendment 1 to IEC 61662 Published: 1996-05 Technical Report IEC 61819 / Ed.1 Test parameters simulating the effects of LPS components IEC 81/145/CDV Forecast: 2001 TR Part 1: General principles IEC 61024-1 Published: 1990-03 Section 1: Guide A Selection of protection levels for lightning protection systems IEC 61024-1-1 Published: 1993-08 Section 2: Guide B Design, installation, maintenance and inspection of lightning protection systems Published: 1998-05 Part 1: General principles IEC 61312-1 Published: 1995-02 Part 2 (technical specification): Shielding of structure, bonding inside structure and earthing IEC 61312-2 TS Published: 1999-08 Part 3 (technical specification): Requirements of surge protective devices (SPDs) IEC 61312-3 TS Published: 2000-07 Amendment 1: Annex D Coordination of SPD within existing structures IEC 81/150/CD Forecast: 2001 Part 4 (Technical Report): Protection of equipment in existing structures Published: 1998-09 IEC TC 81 雷电保护 Part 1: Fibre optic installations IEC 61643-1 Published: 1999-07 Part 2: Lines using metallic conductors IEC 81/164/FDIS Forecast 2001 Part 5: Application Guide IEC 81/165/CD Forecast: 2000 IEC 61024-1/ Ed. 2 Protection of structure against fire, explosion and life hazards IEC 81/151/CDV Status: MCR circulated Forecast: 2001 IEC 61662/Ed.2 TS Risk due to lightning IEC 81/156/CD Forecast: 2001