Techniques in Green Chemistry
1 Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry
Chanters Techniques in Green Chemistry 85.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical eaction 5.2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis 5.3 The Design of High Efficient and Safe Catalyst s 5.4 Changing Starting Material for Chemical reaction 5.5 Changing Reagents 5.6 Changing the solvent of Chemical Reaction 5.7 Process Control and Process Intensification References
2 Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry ❖ 5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction ❖ 5.2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis ❖ 5.3 The Design of High Efficient and Safe Catalyst ❖ 5.4 Changing Starting Material for Chemical reaction ❖ 5.5 Changing Reagents ❖ 5.6 Changing the solvent of Chemical Reaction ❖ 5.7 Process Control and Process Intensification ❖ References
5. 1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction
3 5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction
Samples for the Application of Catalysts n react prod has The role of catalyst T/K nts ucts MPa catalyst 1/2N2 Accelerate NH K2OA272340.53Gas reaction solid 3/2H2 rate Control e 2 4 CH,C Pdcl2"540 0.101 liqui for Selectivity a1n202 HO complex 3 different products
4 Samples for the Application of Catalysts N o reacta nts prod ucts catalyst T/K p/ MPa phas e The role of catalyst 1 1/2N2 ＋ 3/2H2 NH3 FeK2O/Al2 O3 723 40.53 Gassolid Accelerate reaction rate 2 a C2H4 ＋ 1/2O2 CH3C HO PdCl2 -V complex 540 0.101 3 liqui d Control the Selectivity for different products
0.101gas Control b 1/20,Hg/A2O3520 3 oli the s Selective 2C02 for 0.101 c+3y022H2O 520 different 3 solid products 420~ nCh (,hGh O a 450 202.6 gas Control the Cr2O3 SiO2 b nC3H6 (C,Hln 420~ Gas- Selectivity 3.1 450 liquid for MO3 ALO3 different 3 Ziegler- G products nC3H6 IC,Hal. Natta 373 0.101 solid 3 liquid -(6-甲 左旋二 氧基-2 羟基苯 4禁基丙丙氨酸 G Ru 烯酸 liquid approx 5
5 2b C 2 H 4 ＋ 1/2O 2 C 2 H 4 O Ag/Al 2 O 3 520 0.101 3 gas - soli d 2c C 2 H 4 ＋3O 2 2CO 2 ＋ 2H 2 O Ni 520 0.101 3 Gas - solid 3a nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n O 2 420~ 450 202.6 gas 3b nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Cr2 O 3·SiO 2 ·Al2 O 3 or MO 3·Al2 O 3 420~ 450 3.1 Gas - solid - liquid 3c nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Ziegler - Natta 373 0.101 3 Gas - solid - liquid 4 2 -(6 - 甲 氧基 - 2 萘基 ) 丙 烯酸＋氢 左旋二 羟基苯 丙氨酸 (L - naprox en) Ru Gas - solid - liquid Control the Selectivity for different products Control the Selectivity for different products
Gas 5 CH3C CH 623 H,OH+H,0 Al0 683 soli Control dthe Selectivity for 5 CH, C (C2H Gas different b H,OH ALO 523 soli products +HO d 6 CH+/CO 673~ 01013Gas O2+H, Ni/ALO 1273 -105soli d Control the Selectivity for 1013 CO 6CH4+ 气体时 Gas different +NiA2O3>673空速率 soli products b HO ~1000 d 6
6 5a CH 3 C H 2OH C 2 H 4 ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 623~ 683 Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivit y for different products 5b CH 3 C H 2OH （ C 2 H 5 ） 2 O ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 523 Gas ,soli d 6a CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO ＋H 2 Ni/Al 2 O 3 673~ 1273 0.1013 ~10 5 h －1) Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivit y for different products 6b CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO 2 ＋H2O Ni/Al 2 O 3 ＞673 0.1013 气体时 空速率 ~1000 h－1 Gas ,soli d
Catalyst has been called as molecular machin Accelerate the chemical reaction rate "s Accelerate selectively one of the several thermodynamically possible reactions and yield selectively the special products Namely, the use of catalysts can control the selectivity for special products Control the enantioselectivity of reaction
7 Catalyst has been called as molecular machine ❖ Accelerate the chemical reaction rate. ❖ Accelerate selectively one of the several thermodynamically possible reactions and yield selectively the special products. ✓ Namely, the use of catalysts can control the selectivity for special products. ✓ Control the enantioselectivity of reaction
Catalyst has been called as molecular machin g Synthesize the special conformation of chiral Isomers The consideration of incorporating the catalyst with the reaction conditions could control the selectivity of chemical reaction o High selectivity and atom economy is of the most importance in bio-process, and all the reactions in organism are catalyzed by enzyme which are characterized with high specificities selectivity and atom economy
8 Catalyst has been called as molecular machine ❖ High selectivity and atom economy is of the most importance in bio-process, and all the reactions in organism are catalyzed by enzyme which are characterized with high specificities, selectivity and atom economy. ❖ Synthesize the special conformation of chiral isomers: The consideration of incorporating the catalyst with the reaction conditions could control the selectivity of chemical reaction
Catalyst has heen called as molecular machie Hence, those enzyme have been called as Molecular Machine ADP A hand-over-hand mechanism for kinesin ATP→ADP+
9 Catalyst has been called as molecular machine Hence, those enzyme have been called as Molecular Machine. ADP ATP ATP ADP ATP→ADP+ ADP Pi ATP ADP A hand-over-hand mechanism for kinesin
Catalyst has been called as molecular machin Recent investigations have reported that not only enzyme acts as molecular machine but also the common catalysts own the similar functions The classical example is the metal cyclopentadiene(环戊二烯) complex which was used as the catalyst in olefin polymerization
10 Catalyst has been called as molecular machine ❖ Recent investigations have reported that not only enzyme acts as molecular machine but also the common catalysts own the similar functions. ❖ The classical example is the metal cyclopentadiene (环戊二烯) complex which was used as the catalyst in olefin polymerization