国家开放大学：2009—2010学年第二学期“开放专科”英语专业英语阅读（3）期末试题（7月）.pdf_大学文库

Part I Directions: Read passage 1 carefully and then try to finish items 1-10 as required.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China 1 "Aging,says Alex Kalache,Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,"is the number one problem in the world.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences."It is the "number one problem"because the numbers of people over 60-and particularly those over 80-are growing fast.The rapid aging trend in China's population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society. How can China face this challenge?As the social structure changes in terms of demographics, so will tradition. 2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world,accounting for 8 percent of the total population.It is predicted that in China,by 2000,the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90's.In 2020 they will have increased by several times again.The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to care for them.The dependency ratio,as it is called,is also affected by the fact that women, who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents. 3 One solution is senior homes.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents.But if people are working long hours,older parents feel lonely at home.At senior citizen centres,they can get good care from the nurses,who are also willing to listen to their stories."When I first came here,I complained about my daughter's decision.But gradually,I began to like this place,Wei Wenkuei,86,said. "The nurses are more attentive than a house maid,and the food is good.Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District.There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,which is not enough for more than 20,000 945

Part I Directions! Read passage 1 carefully and then try to finish items 一10 as rl叫uired. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China 1 " Aging ," says Alex Kalache , Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , " is the number one problem in the world. And if it is not addressed now , there will be serious consequences. " It is the "number one problem" because the numbers of people over 60 - and particularly those over 80 - are growing fast. The rapid aging trend in China' s population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society. How can China face this challenge? As the social structure changes in terms of demographics, so will tradition. 2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world , accounting for 8 percent of the total population. It is predicted that in China , by 2000 , the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90' s. In 2020 they will have increased by several times again. The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population , there will be fewer people to care for them. The dependency ratio , as it is called , is also affected by the fact that women , who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly , are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents. 3 One solution is senior homes. Traditionally , it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents. But if people are working long hours, older parents feel lonely at home. At senior citizen centres, they can get good care from the nurses, who are also willing to listen to their stories. "When I first came here , I complained about my daughter' s decision. But gradually , I began to like this place ," Wei Wenkuei , 86 , said. "The nurses are more attentive than a house maid , and the food is good. " Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in District. There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District , which is not enough for more than 20 ,000 945

people over the age of 60.However,the neighbourhood has about 15,000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs,and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future.The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen's homes, but the government itself is building centres. 4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,wise society.Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as "care in the community."A unique example of this is the "SOS Bells for the Elderly"system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996,and has proved successful.Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help "pairs"with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them.Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the "pair household.When the bell rings,the helper goes at once.In May 1997,the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijing's 10 districts. 5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way.Now that“over-population'”and“the aging crisis'”are seen as problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored, alienated or mistreated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.These are problems that need thoughtful solutions. Directions: Find the following sentences in passage 1 and use the context of the sentence to determine the meaning of the underlined word.Then choose the word or phrase which best expresses the word's meaning and write your answers on your answer sheet.(The paragraph in which the sentence appear is indicated in the brackets, 1.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.(paragraph 1) A.to give the name of the place B.to make a speech C.to deal with 946

people over the age of 60. However, the neighbourhood has about 15 ,000 laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs, and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future. The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen' shames, but the governm巳nt itself is building centres. 4 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich , wise society. Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as "care in the community." A unique example of this is the "sos Bells for the Elderly" system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996 , and has proved successful. Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help "pairs" with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them. Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the "pair household." When the bell rings, the helper goes at once. In May 1997 , the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijing's 10 districts. 5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken , these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way. Now that"over-population" and "the aging crisis" are seen as problems by modern society world-wide , it is important that the elderly are not ignored , alienated or mistreated , but rather treasured for their great store of experience. These are problems that need thoughtful solutions. Directions, Find the following sentences in passage 1 and use the context of the sentence to determine the meaning of the underlined word. Then choose the word or phrase which best expresses the word's meaning and write your answers on your answer sheet. (The paragraph in which the sentence appear is indicated in the brackets. ) 1. And if it is not addressed now 白re will be serious consequences. (paragraph 1) A. to give the name of the place B. to make a speech C. to deal with 946

PartⅡ Questions 11-20 are based on Passage 2.(30 points,3 points each) Passage 2 The Most Innovative City 1 (11) Problems such as poverty,crime,public education,and pollution control plague the majority of the world's cities.Each one,it seems,is struggling to avoid urban disaster.But Curitiba,Brazil,a city of 1.6 million people,is dealing with these problems.This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world's growing urban problems. 2 (12) Through this program.more than 70%of its trash is recycled -compared with the 25%0 in Los Angeles.Christano Pinheiro,a seven-year-old boy shows how it's done.At the start of the school year,Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a packet of new notebooks.Each week,he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans.The program helps the poor.In 1995, the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food,348,000 Easter eggs and 26,000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash.Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed styrofoam.Christiano was one of 25,000 poor children who received these supplies. (13) 3 (14) Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment.Like every other city,old,yet usable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba.This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively.Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings,bridges and public squares.Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education."Virtually everything has more than one use,"said Mayor Rafael Greca, whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass."It's just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it." 4 (15) The latest additions are the Lighthouses of Learning,based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria,Egypt,one of the ancient world's seven 948

Part II Questions 11-20 are based on Passage 2. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 2 The Most Innovative City 1 (1 1) Problems such as poverty , crime , public education , and pollution control plague the majority of the world' s cities. Each one , it seems, is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Curitiba , Brazil , a city of 1. 6 million people , is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being recognized as the place that has solutions to many of the world' s growing urban problems. 2 (12) Through this program. more than 70% of its trash is recycled - compared with the 25 % in Los Angeles. Christano Pinheiro , a seven-year-old boy shows how it' s done. At the start of the school year, Pinheiro traded 8 pounds of recyclable garbage for a packet of new notebooks. Each week , he and his two older brothers exchange trash for fresh fruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The program helps the poor. In 1995 , the city exchanged nearly 2 million pounds of food , 348 , 000 Easter eggs and 26 , 000 Christmas cakes for recyclable trash. Hundreds of quilts for the needy were stuffed with crushed styrofoam. Christiano was one of 25 ,000 poor children who received these supplies. (1 3 ) 3 (14 ) Old worn out equipment was frequently being replaced with new technology and equipment. Like every other city , old , yet usable materials 巳re being dumped around the city of Curitiba. This gave engineers and architects an opportunity to work together to use the materials creatively. Old wooden telephone poles are now reused in office buildings, bridges and public squares. Retired buses have become mobile classrooms for adult education. "Virtually everything has more than one use ," said Mayor Rafael Greca , whose airy office overlooking a park is made of old poles and glass. "It' s just a matter of figuring out how to reuse things and then teaching people how to do it. " 4 (1 5 ) The latest additions ar巳the Lighthous巳s of Learning , based on the great lighthouse and library in Alexandria , Egypt , one of the ancient world' s seven 948

wonders.The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it,and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood.Within six months of being opened,it was clear that it was popular.Soon after,a lighthouse was built in each of the city's neighborhoods. 5 (16) "One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home,so I use it for all my school projects,said Deucina Costa,a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks."So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister.Mom lets them come because it's safe."Now,the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates.They each cost about 180,000.(17) 6 (18) Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated,high rent area,government offices in Curibita are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets.These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills,get a marriage license, have a haircut,buy groceries or file a police report.And instead of zoning the city into commercial,institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do,Curitiba's planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters,sports areas,and classrooms that offer professional training for 1 a course.In one recent computer class,Marta Penha,a 28-year- old teacher,said she enrolled because "the price is right.With my income,this is the only route to advancement. 7 (19) Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers,contractors and merchants.Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator's license.By the end of 1993,34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running.Children get a chance to interact,and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages.They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops,with profits helping to pay for the facilities.In small gardens out back,the kids grow vegetables for their snacks. 949

wonders. The first lighthouse was built as an experiment in 1995 to determine exactly who would use it , and the effect it would have on the surrounding neighborhood. Within six months of being opened , it was clear that it was popular. Soon after, a lighthouse was built in each of the city's neighborhoods. 5 (1 6 ) "One of the lighthouses is three blocks from my home , so I use it for all my school projects," said Deucina Costa , a high school senior who stops in every couple of weeks. "So do my 10-year-old brother and 12-year-old sister. Mom lets them come because it's safe." Now , the lighthouses have become the focal point of neighborhoods and have cut crime rates. They each cost about $ 180 ,000. (1 7) 6 (1 8 ) Unlike other cities where government buildings are located in an often isolated , high rent area , government offices in Curibita are accessible to everyone on what is known as Citizen Streets. These Citizen Streets are colorful covered avenues of government offices and shops where residents can pay utility bills, get a marriage license , have a haircut , buy groceries or file a police 巳port. And instead of zoning the city into commercial , institutional and leisure facilities as most cities do , Curitiba' s planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at a minimum cost. The Citizen Streets have 600-seat open theaters, sports areas, and classrooms that offer professional training for $ 1 a course. In one recent computer class, Marta Penha , a 28-yearold teacher, said she enrolled because "the price is right. With my income , this is the only route to advancement. " 7 (1 9 ) Short courses on how to make better use of the environment are tailored for homemakers, contractors and merchants. Taxi drivers have to take a course to get an operator' s license. By the end of 1993 , 34 environmentally friendly daycare centers were up and running. Children get a chance to interact , and learn about their environment. The activities include making masks of animals facing extinction from magazine pages. They are then sold in a string of souvenir shops, with profits helping to pay for the facilities. In sma!! gardens out back , the kids grow vegetables for their snacks. 949

high enough to stay in business.Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising.They try to appeal to consumers in various ways.In fact,advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use. 2 One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind.It may offer a claim that seems scientific.For example,it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste.In selling a product,the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. 3 Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer.Products that are essential boring,such as insecticide,are often advertised in an amusing way.One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive.For example,the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun. 4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal.In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire.One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people.Many automobile advertisements are in this category.They imply that other people will admire you-may even be jealous-when they see you driving the hot,new Aardvark car.Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love.This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost;instead the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy's cut finger.In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages.The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation "Ouch Bandages=love. 5 One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies. Directions: Read passage 3 and then decide which of the statements after it are TRUE and which are FALSE.On your answer sheet,indicate T for TRUE or F for FALSE against the number for each of items 21-30 for the answers you choose. 21.Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competitive economy. 951

high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact , advertisements may be classified into three QJUeU eVd u +'1n QU l .1n OF+AapADAea 'K U En ynreQd apLpuor 'd.lngb +'O 2 One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer' s reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example , it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product , the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. 3 Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essential boring , such as insecticide , are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example , the advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that th巳consumers associate with fun. 4 Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desire. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you - may even be jealous - when they see you driving the hot , 巳w Aardvark car. Another powerful desire to which advertisers appeal is the desire for love. This ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost; instead the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy' s cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandages. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation "Ouch Bandages= love. " 5 One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies. Directions, Read passage 3 and then decide which of the statements after it are TRUE and which are FALSE. On your answer sheet , indicate T for TRUE or F for FALSE against the number for each of items 21-30 for the answers you choose. 21. Consumer usually has the choice of several different products of the same brand in a competItIve economy. 951