1.safe Food Is 2.Delicious EOOD 3.Nutritious&Healthy 4.Physiological 5.Cultural IS a.Religious b.Ethnic C.Holidays d."Green" e.Comfort Hunters Gathers 》 7
1 1. Safe Food Is 2. Delicious 3. Nutritious & Healthy 4. Physiological 5. Cultural a. Religious b. Ethnic c. Holidays d. “Green” e. Comfort Hunters & Gathers
How did man evolve beyond other species? Very early food science HOW COOKING HOMINN CO0K流 MADE US HUMAN ·Fire 。Communication ·Cooking Fire RICHARD WRANGHAM
2 Nile River Red Sea Andaman Islands Meadowcroft 19,000-12,000 years ago Kennewick 9,500 years ago Spirit Cave 9,500-9,400 years ago Monte Verde 14,800 years ago Niah Cave 40,000 years ago Qafzeh 100,000 years ago Lake Mungo 45,000 years ago Malakunanja 50,000 years ago Omo Kibish Oldest modern human 195,000 years ago Pestera cu Oase 35,000 years ago Yana River 30,000 years ago Zhoukoudian (Shandingdong) 11,000 years ago Minatogawa 18,000 years ago Clovis 13,500 years ago Klasies River Mouth 120,000 years ago EQUATOR 40,000-30,000 years ago 20,000-15,000 years ago 50,000 years ago 15,000-12,000 years ago 200,000 years ago 70,000-50,000 years ago 40,000 years ago AUSTRALIA ASIA AFRICA EUROPE NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA 1 2 3 4 5 6 Migration date Generalized route Human Migration Fossil or artifact site 40,000 years ago SOURCES: SUSAN ANTON, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY; ALISON BROOKS, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY; PETER FORSTER, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE; JAMES F. O'CONNELL, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH; STEPHEN OPPENHEIMER, OXFORD UNIVERSITY; SPENCER WELLS, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY; OFER BAR-YOSEF, HARVARD UNIVERSITY NGM MAPS © 2006 National Geographic Society. All rights reserved. How did man evolve beyond other species? • Fire • Communication • Cooking Very early food science
Life expectancy variation over time Era Life Expectancy at Birth 6 (years) 5 Upper Paleolithic 4 Neolithic 20 Bronze Age and Iron Age 3 Classical Greece 8 Classical Rome 2 Pre-Columbian North America 30 Medieval Islamic Caliphate 5+ Medieval Britain 3 Early Modem Britain -40 Early 19th Century 31 2010 world average 67.2 IDEALLY -Food Should Be: IDEALLy-Food Should Be Safe Wholesome Delicious that is Nutritious 图 Sensory appealing Nutritious
3 Era Life Expectancy at Birth (years) Upper Paleolithic 33 Neolithic 20 Bronze Age and Iron Age 26 Classical Greece 28 Classical Rome 28 Pre-Columbian North America 25–30 Medieval Islamic Caliphate 35+ Medieval Britain 30 Early Modern Britain 25–40 Early 19th Century 31 2010 world average 67.2 Life expectancy variation over time Your mother warned me youd start complaining about your food. IDEALLY — Food Should Be: ! Safe & Wholesome ! Delicious that is Sensory appealing ! Nutritious IDEALLY — Food Should Be: ! Nutritious
PHYSIOLOGICALLY- CHEMICALLy -Foods Are: Food Is: Major Components .Water Energy 。Carbohydrate ■Body mass .Fat atoms. 。Protein essential molecules Vitamins,minerals Minor Components antioxidants ongy Metabolism Food energy is measured as Food-What,Where Why Calories (USA)or Joules .Food can be viewed from many The average daily Calorie intake in USA is perspectives 3,500/person .In which case,it is just a bunch of molecules that our body The average daily Calorie intake in China needs to stay alive is 2,500/person What if the average daily intake in China were to increase by 1,000?
4 CHEMICALLY —Foods Are: ! Major Components ! Water ! Carbohydrate ! Fat ! Protein ! Minor Components PHYSIOLOGICALLY — Food Is : ! Energy ! Body mass atoms, essential molecules ! Vitamins, minerals & antioxidants ! Metabolism Food —What, Where & Why ! Food can be viewed from many perspectives ! Most basic would be to just consider it — FUEL ! In which case, it is just a bunch of molecules that our body needs to stay alive ! So, a food chemist might just look at all the components Food energy is measured as Calories (USA) or Joules ! The average daily Calorie intake in USA is 3,500/person ! The average daily Calorie intake in China is 2,500/person ! What if the average daily intake in China were to increase by 1,000?
PHYSIOLOGICALLY- In China:All Foods are Medicines Food Is "MEDICINE" In China,when people get sick,the first thing they check is food.The first action "He who does not know food,how can taken by more than 90%is a change in he understand the diseases of man" their diet. Hippocrates, the father of medicine Their thought was to use (460-357BC) food to keep the body in“balance and free of disease. Before the 5th century AD Western medicine reached China?? The Concept of"Yin"and "Yang" Yin:阴，refers to the shady side of o The humoral theory which held that the mountain. the human body was affected by heat/cold or dryness/wetness The universe can (Western world concept) basically be 设tael。te snne divided to "yin" and "yang" o Buddhism helped in its adaption in Generally Speaking: China o BUT:China already had age old beliefs "Yang and Yin" Yang represent light,dry,warm 19 and masculine. 6
5 PHYSIOLOGICALLY — Food Is “MEDICINE” He who does not know food, how can he understand the diseases of man Hippocrates, the father of medicine (460-357 BC) In China, when people get sick, the first thing they check is food. The first action taken by more than 90% is a change in their diet. Their thought was to use food to keep the body in balance, and free of disease. In China: All Foods are Medicines 19 Before the 5th century AD Western medicine reached China?? " The humoral theory which held that the human body was affected by heat / cold or dryness / wetness (Western world concept) " Buddhism helped in its adaption in China " BUT: China already had age old beliefs “Yang and Yin” 19 Yin: , refers to the shady side of the mountain. Yang: , refers to the sunny side of the mountain. Generally Speaking: Yin represent dark, wet, cool and feminine, Yang represent light, dry, warm and masculine. The universe can basically be divided to “yin” and “yang” The Concept of “Yin” and “Yang”
Chinese medicine regards that eating certain taste can Food are general classified as help the function of the five organs to balance your “cold cool'”,“warm hot'" health,as well as treat diseases and recover from illness. Diseases are related to the unbalance are: are: Red meats Fruits heart- bitter liver sour Root vegetables +Leaf vegetables lung 、 spicy SS58agsrhimpeper Water plants:such as kidney- sea-weec salty rn spleen- sweet Yang Foods with the above tastes can help the health of each organ Anything else? 6
6 Food are general classified as cold cool, warm hot Foods that are classified as hot (contractive) are : v Red meats v Root vegetables v Spices: as chili pepper and ginger; Yang Foods that are classified as cold (expansive) are: #Fruits #Leaf vegetables #Water plants: such as sea-weed. Yin Diseases are related to the unbalance between Yin and Yang of the five important organs – heart - bitter liver - sour lung - spicy kidney - salty spleen – sweet Foods with the above tastes can help the health of each organ Chinese medicine regards that eating certain taste can help the function of the five organs to balance your health, as well as treat diseases and recover from illness. Anything else?
CULTURALLY-Food Can Be: religious statement A cultural statement Kosher Foods-A modern trend from biblical times (Jewish people) 1275 BC:The Torah,given from God to Moses on Mount Sinai.imposes dietary restrictions that form the basis for kosher food requirements
7 CULTURALLY — Food Can Be: ! A cultural statement religious statement Kosher Foods — A modern trend from biblical times (Jewish people) 1275 BC: The Torah, given from God to Moses on Mount Sinai, imposes dietary restrictions that form the basis for kosher food requirements
Kosher certification symbols Initial Clarifications ·d .Kosher food is not blessed off the mark by Mor pors .A product is or is not kosher according to whether it follows the rules not because the rabbi is there .Another at the right,is .Essentially the same rules hold for Halal except that meat (in addition to having to follow the rules)must also be blessed Kosher Laws Kosher-Part II Generally covers four major areas: 2.The prohibition of blood .1.The allowed animals for eating Specific slaughter requirements .Ruminants .Inspection of animals after slaughter De-veining Split hoof and chew their cud Salting(Kosher Salt)and soaking E.g.,cow.sheep,goat,deer.giraffe Traditional domestic birds All products derived from animals must But not ostrich,emu,rhea be from Kosher animals,e.g. ·Fish gelatin,tallow,fat derivatives(emulsifiers.glycerol) .With fins and removable scales .No shellfish like shrimp 8
8 Kosher certification symbols ! There are several around the world ! Another at the right, is also used - often in other countries, but the US too Initial Clarifications ! Kosher food is not blessed ! A product is or is not kosher according to whether it follows the rules not because the rabbi is there ! Essentially the same rules hold for Halal except that meat (in addition to having to follow the rules) must also be blessed Kosher Laws ! Generally covers four major areas: ! 1. The allowed animals for eating ! Ruminants ! Split hoof and chew their cud ! E.g., cow, sheep, goat, deer, giraffe ! Traditional domestic birds ! But not ostrich, emu, rhea ! Fish ! With fins and removable scales ! No shellfish like shrimp Kosher — Part II ! 2. The prohibition of blood ! Specific slaughter requirements ! Inspection of animals after slaughter ! De-veining ! Salting (Kosher Salt) and soaking All products derived from animals must be obtained be from Kosher animals, e.g., gelatin, tallow, fat derivatives (emulsifiers, glycerol)
Kosher-Part III What do the Words Themselves Mean? 3.Separation of milk and meat This category:pareve(parve)or neutral makes Kosher=Proper Treif Not Kosher Kosher valuable to many other groups Halal Lawful Haram Prohibited .4.Prohibited grains at Passover Look What's In The Middle Of An Oreo. Brings the kosher laws into the plant kingdom There are many other laws that are not covered by this limited description.Many of these other laws are very important to the production of the modem Kosher food supply. The Major US Symbol to Halal Mark Products as Halal 1.Prohibition of specific animals,most specifically PORK,but goes beyond food This product s centified dhabiha halal and meets 2.Prohibition of drugs and intoxicants most specifically drinking ALCOHOL established by the iamic (ethanol,ethyl alcohol)including as an Food and Nutition Counc of America (IFANCA). ingredient,such as in vanilla flavor 3.Prohibition of blood .Specific slaughter requirements that are very similar to kosher 9
9 Kosher — Part III ! 3. Separation of milk and meat ! This category: pareve (parve) or neutral makes Kosher valuable to many other groups ! 4. Prohibited grains at Passover ! Brings the kosher laws into the plant kingdom ! There are many other laws that are not covered by this limited description. Many of these other laws are very important to the production of the modern Kosher food supply. What do the Words Themselves Mean? ! Kosher = Proper Treif = Not Kosher ! Halal = Lawful Haram = Prohibited Halal ! 1. Prohibition of specific animals, most specifically PORK, but goes beyond food ! 2. Prohibition of drugs and intoxicants, most specifically drinking ALCOHOL (ethanol, ethyl alcohol) including as an ingredient, such as in vanilla flavor ! 3. Prohibition of blood ! Specific slaughter requirements that are very similar to kosher The Major US Symbol to Mark Products as Halal
CULTURALLY-Food Can Be: Chop Sticks ■A cultural CORNED BEEF N CABBAGE statement ■An ethnic or national Co()dknives th act of statement 39 、19 at A cultural statement Different Serving Styles ican Chin Chinese Food 10
10 CULTURALLY — Food Can Be: ! A cultural statement ! An ethnic or ! national ! statement Chop Sticks • While the precise origins of chopsticks are unknown (the first chopsticks may have been twigs used to spear a roast cooked over an open fire) they were definitely in use by the Shang dynasty (1766 BC - 1122 BC). • Confucius (551 to 479 B.C) equated knives with acts of aggression, which went against his non-violent teachings. His influence is credited with the widespread adoption of chopsticks throughout China; scholarship had triumphed over the warrior lifestyle. • Chopsticks have been the utensil of choice throughout all of China since the Han dynasty (approximately 200 BC to 200 AD). "The honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse and the kitchen. And he allows no knives on his table." (Confucius) Different Serving Styles American Chinese Food Chinese Food A cultural statement