Polarization of light光的偏振 Polarization confirms the transverse nature of light waves 光的偏振证明了光的横波性质 1. polarized light, unpolarized light (偏振光、自然光) 何谓偏振 偏振-振动方向对传播方向的不对称性。是区别 横波和纵波的重要区别
三. Polarization of Light 光的偏振 Polarization confirms the transverse nature of light waves. 光的偏振证明了光的横波性质。 1.polarized light、unpolarized light (偏振光、自然光) 偏振--振动方向对传播方向的不对称性。是区别 横波和纵波的重要区别。 何谓偏振
The vibrating E vector and the direction of propaga tion form a plane, called the plane of vibration. yue vector are in a certain constant direction E →> Y horizontal vibration Iagram:HH or-:平行振动 →1, E diagram Vertical vibration垂直振动
1. Polarized light、unporarized light 偏振光、自然光 polarized light(偏振光): the vibrations of E vector are in a certain constant direction. Z X Y u → E E u → Z X Y diagram: or diagram : horizontal vibration 平行振动 Vertical vibration 垂直振动 The vibrating E vector and the direction of propagation form a plane, called the plane of vibration.振动面
Unpolarized light(自然光): the amplitudes of the e vector in all possible directions are equal. 把各个光矢量分解成互相垂 直的两个光矢量分量,且两 个光矢量分量的平均值等 y diagram: 010+o-HO Unpolarized light is viewed as two vertical plane polarized waves with random phase difference. 部分偏振光:
X Y Unpolarized light(自然光): the amplitudes of the E vector in all possible directions are equal. E diagram: 把各个光矢量分解成互相垂 直的两个光矢量分量,且两 个光矢量分量的平均值等。 Unpolarized light is viewed as two vertical planepolarized waves with random phase difference. 部分偏振光:
partial polarized light 部分偏振光) he vibrations of the e vector in a certain direction has the upper hand to the vibration in the perpendicular direction diagram: +00+00-+00-+oo 垂直于纸面的光振动的平 均值大于平行于纸面的光 振动的平均值 H1oHoH→ 平行于纸面的光振动的平 均值大于垂直于纸面的光 振动的平均值
diagram: partial polarized light (部分偏振光): The vibrations of the E vector in a certain direction has the upper hand to the vibration in the perpendicular direction. 平行于纸面的光振动的平 均值大于垂直于纸面的光 振动的平均值。 垂直于纸面的光振动的平 均值大于平行于纸面的光 振动的平均值。 X Y E
2. polarizing sheets polarizer and analyzer 偏振片、起偏与检偏 起偏与检偏: 起偏-从自然光获得偏振光 检偏-检查某束光是否是偏振光; 起偏振器-从自然光获得偏振光的装置; 检偏振器检查某束光是否是偏振光的装置。 1)polarizing sheets 涂有金鸡纳霜或碧硒(电 偏振片气石)等材料的簿膜 透明玻璃片
起偏与检偏: 2. polarizing sheets 、polarizer and analyzer 偏振片、起偏与检偏 起偏--从自然光获得偏振光 检偏--检查某束光是否是偏振光; 起偏振器--从自然光获得偏振光的装置; 检偏振器--检查某束光是否是偏振光的装置。 1) polarizing sheets 偏振片 透明玻璃片 涂有金鸡纳霜或碧硒(电 气石)等材料的簿膜
偏振片、起偏与检偏:涂有金鸡纳霜或碧硒(电 1)偏振片 气石)等材料的簿膜 透明玻璃片 The sheet will tran unpolarized light smit only those E 自然光 vectors in a certain characteristic po larizing direction polarized Polarizing ight偏振光 direction偏振化方向
偏振片、起偏与检偏: 1)偏振片 透明玻璃片 涂有金鸡纳霜或碧硒(电 气石)等材料的簿膜 unpolarized light 自然光 polarized Polarizing light 偏振光 direction 偏振化方向 The sheet will transmit only those E vectors in a certain characteristic polarizing direction
2) applications of polarizing sheets偏振片的用途 a) polarizer作起偏振器 10/2 b) analyzer作检偏振器 自然光 米光不变暗 偏振光 自然光D0 变暗
2)applications of polarizing sheets 偏振片的用途 a)polarizer 作起偏振器 I0 I0 /2 b)analyzer 作检偏振器 偏振光 变暗 自然光 不变暗 I0 I0I/20 /2 I 自然光 0 I0 /2 I0 /2
3. The law of Malus: Intensity I of the polarized light( intensity lo) transmitted polarizing sheet varies I=l0cos2a。 (a is the angle between the polarizing directions of the sheet and vibration direction of polarized light I=locos E 例:一束自然光,光强度为I,让其出射两个偏振 片,两个偏振片之间的夹角为45,求从第二 个偏振片出射的偏振光强度
3. The law of Malus: Intensity I of the polarized light ( intensity I0 ) transmitted polarizing sheet varies: I=I0 cos2。 ( is the angle between the polarizing directions of the sheet and vibration direction of polarized light) E⊥ E// E0 I=I0 cos2 例:一束自然光,光强度为I0,让其出射两个偏振 片,两个偏振片之间的夹角为450,求从第二 个偏振片出射的偏振光强度。 I0
Example: Unpolarized light, intensity Io, falls on two polarizing sheets. The angle between two pola rizing sheets is 45. find the transmitted intensity I 自然光 solve =(10)c0s2a=l0c0s245 l0()2= 202
P1 P2 cos 45 2 1 ) cos 2 1 ( 2 0 2 0 I = I = I Example:A unpolarized light, intensity I0 , falls on two polarizing sheets. The angle between two polarizing sheets is 450 . Find the transmitted intensity I. 0 2 0 4 1 ) 2 2 ( 2 1 = I = I solve: 0 4 1 I I 自然光 0 I0 /2
反射和折射光的偏振、布儒斯特定律 Polarization of reflection and refraction Brewster’slaw 1)Polarization phenomenon of reflection and refraction a、反射光中垂直振动 强于平行的振动 b、折射光中平行的振 动强于垂直振动; 反射光折射光偏振 化的程度随入射角 i的不同而不同
4. 反射和折射光的偏振、布儒斯特定律 1) Polarization phenomenon of reflection and refraction a、反射光中垂直振动 强于平行的振动; b、折射光中平行的振 动强于垂直振动; c、反射光折射光偏振 化的程度随入射角 i 的不同而不同。 n2 n1 i r Polarization of reflection and refraction. Brewster’s law