光的干涉( Interference) 1.杨氏实验( Young3 Experiment) 1) Equipment Phenomena Screen Incident Double Light Slit Let white light fall on
一、光的干涉 (Interference) 1.杨氏实验(Young’s Experiment) 1)Equipment & Phenomena Incident Light Double Slit Screen Let white light fall on
剖面图 单 缝双 缝 屏 2) quantitated analysis
X I 剖面图 r1 r2 双 缝 单 缝 屏 2)quantitated analysis
2) quantitated analysis d >d X Path difference d 若:n=1 =dsnb≈dtg0 D d From interferential conditions ±kk=0.1.2.3 max 6≈d D(±(2k-1)/2k=1.2.3.min
S1 S2 d D 若:n=1 1 r 2 r r X O D d P 2)quantitated analysis C d 0.5mm Path difference: k 2 1 = r − r = d sin dtg D x d x From interferential conditions = D x d (2k −1) / 2 max k =1.2.3. min k = 0.1.2.3.
n 1D>> 2级明纹 2级暗纹 1级明纹 级暗纹 0级明纹 ±kk=0.1.2.3 max 6≈d D(±(2k-1)4/2k=12.3.min 明暗纹位置: D ±k k=0.1.2.3.4….(max) D 土(2k-1) k=1.2.3.…(min) 2d
dD k 明暗纹位置: x = dD k 2 (2 1) − (max ) (min ) k = 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 S 1 S 2 d D 1r 2 r r XO D d P C x n=1 k = 1 . 2 . 3 . XI - 1级暗纹 2级暗纹 1级暗纹 - 2级暗纹 1级明纹 0级明纹 - 1级明纹 2级明纹 -2级明纹 k = Dx d ( 2 k − 1 ) / 2 max k = 1 . 2 . 3 . min k = 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 .
2级明6≈d 1级明纹 D 1级暗纹 0级明纹 ±k 级暗纹 1级明纹 D Discuss讨论 2级明(±(2k-1)/2 a)对应不同的k值,将有一对明或暗纹出现在中 央明纹两侧,k称之为干涉级。 b)杨氏干涉的条纹是等间距的,且S1、S2间距越 大,条纹越密。以明纹为例 Da D Da △x=xk+1-xk=(k+1) k ∈ constant
S1 S2 d D 1 r 2 r r X O P C x X I -1级暗纹 2级暗纹 1级暗纹 -2级暗纹 1级明纹 0级明纹 -1级明纹 2级明纹 -2级明纹 Discuss 讨论: a)对应不同的k值,将有一对明或暗纹出现在中 央明纹两侧,k称之为干涉级。 k = D x d (2k −1) / 2 b)杨氏干涉的条纹是等间距的,且S1、S2间距越 大,条纹越密。 d D k d D x x x k k k = +1 − = ( +1) − d D = =constant 以明纹为例
2级明纹 级暗纹 6≈d 1级明纹 D 级暗纹 O 0级明纹 ±k 级暗纹 1级明纹 D 讨论: 2级明纹士(2k-1)2/2 DaDaDa △x=xk1+1-xk=(k+1) k c)条纹间的间距与波长成正比,波长越小,干 涉条纹越密,波长越长,间距越稀。 d)若为白光入射,条纹两侧出现彩色条纹,干涉 级高的条纹重叠
S1 S2 d D 1 r 2 r r X O P C x X I -1级暗纹 2级暗纹 1级暗纹 -2级暗纹 1级明纹 0级明纹 -1级明纹 2级明纹 -2级明纹 讨论: k = D x d (2k −1) / 2 d D k d D x x x k k k = +1 − = ( +1) − d D = c)条纹间的间距与波长成正比,波长越小,干 涉条纹越密,波长越长,间距越稀。 d)若为白光入射,条纹两侧出现彩色条纹,干涉 级高的条纹重叠
2级明纹 2级暗纹 I级明纹 1级暗纹 0级明纹 级暗纹 -1级明纹 D -2级暗纹 -2级明纹 d若为白光入射,条纹两侧 出现彩色条纹,干涉级高的 条纹重叠
X I d)若为白光入射,条纹两侧 出现彩色条纹,干涉级高的 条纹重叠。 S1 S2 d D X O P x -1级暗纹 2级暗纹 1级暗纹 -2级暗纹 1级明纹 0级明纹 -1级明纹 2级明纹 -2级明纹 C 1 r 2 r r
slit of a double-slit arrangement. The central point on the G Example: A thin flake of mica(n=1.58)is used to coveror screen is occupied by what used to be the seventh bright fringe. If)=5500A, what is the thickness of the mica? Solve: nb X△=(r2-b+nb)-r2 7 (n-1)b=7X b=7M(n-1) D 7×5500×10 6.6 μm
Example:A thin flake of mica(n=1.58)is used to cover one slit of a double-slit arrangement. The central point on the screen is occupied by what used to be the seventh bright fringe. Ifλ= 5500Å, what is the thickness of the mica? S1 S2 d D X O P x 1 r 2 r nb O Solve: Δ=(r2 -b+nb)-r2 = 7λ (n-1)b = 7λ b = 7λ/(n-1) = 7550010-4 = 6.6m