长沙理工大学：《研究生英语》课程教学资源（教案讲义）授课电子教案.pdf_大学文库

Unit 1 Planning Teaching Objectives By the end of this unit, the students should be able to 1. know how to choose a research topic, know how to formulate a research question, know how to establish a research title; 2. analyze the structure of the target text; 3. acquire awareness of complicated academic sentence patterns; 4. notice the characteristics of academic vocabulary; 5. notice the hedging expressions; 6. identify implicit and explicit voices. Teaching Procedures 1. Tasks : how to choose a research topic, how to formulate a research question, how to establish a research title 2. Assignments for Enhancing Academic Skills 3. Listening Tasks Ⅰ. How to choose a research topic Get ideas for your topic Choose an interesting topic. Keep your topic manageable. Task 1: Please analyze the steps as to how a topic is made more concrete Transportation Development Step 1: Transportation Development Step 2: Reasonable Transportation Development of Cities Step 3:Reasonable Transportation Development of Medium-size Cities Step 4: Reasonable Transportation Development of Medium-size Cities in China Step 5: Reasonable Transportation Development of Medium-size Cities in China from the Perspective of Environmental Protection Task 2: Please make the following topics narrower and more manageable Energy development • Step 1:Reasonable energy development • Step 2:Reasonable energy development of China • Step 3:Reasonable energy development from the perspective of environmental protection Computer development • Step 1:Computer software development • Step 2:Recent computer software development • Step 3 : Recent computer software development for Chinese E-business Security Problem Step 1:Food security problem Step 2:Food security problem in present Chinese school Step 3: How to solve food security problem in Chinese school Genetic Engineering Step 1: Development of genetic engineering Step 2: Development of genetic engineering in medicine field Step 3: The future of human health from the perspective of development of genetic engineering in medicine field II.Formulating a research question a research question is a statement that identifies the focus of your topic. an example: Ideas = Frank Lloyd Wright or modern architecture Research Question： How has Frank Lloyd Wright influenced modern architecture? Focused Research Question：What design principles used by Frank Lloyd Wright are common in contemporary homes? two aims of a research question: 1) It identifies the specific and the central objectives of research. 2) It determines the size of research, the length of paper and the theoretical and academic depth of research. Task 4: Read Text 1 and then list the research questions. Research question1 in text 1: Why is it necessary to predict the future? Research question2 in text 1: What will be the common features of the booming businesses in 2020 ? Research question3: What fields are likely to flourish in 2020? Task 5: Develop each of the following topics into two or three research questions. Topic 1: Global Warming and Its Effects Research question1: What are the main factors to cause global warming? Research question2: What are the negative effects of global warming?

Research question3: How to deal with the global warming? Topic 2: The Potentials of Nuclear Energy Research question1: What are the advantages of nuclear energy? Research question2: How do we make use of nuclear energy nowadays? Research question3: How to develop the nuclear energy correctly andsafely ? Topic 3: The food security problem Research question1: What are the problems in the present food market? Research question2:Why is food security important? Research question3: How do we standardize the present food market? III. Forming a working research title The working title should be developed early in the research process because it can help anchor the focus of research. Task6: Suppose that you are going to write an essay about Global Warming. Work in pairs to discuss the following essay titles and tell each other the most suitable one you will choose and why. 1.Global Warming 2.The Effect of Global Warming 3.The Causes and Effects of Global Warming 4.How to Deal With Global Warming 5.Some Effects of Global Warming in China 6.A Study of Some Effects of Global Warming in China 7.A Study of Global Warming in China From the Prospective of Energy Consumption Answer: I will choose "7. A Study of Global Warming in China From the Prospective of Energy Consumption".Because it can reflect the central ideas of the essay from the research content and the research method. Task 7: Write a research title after reading the following essay (text 3) answer:(Omitted.) Listening Task 1. Suppose you are going to listen to a lecture about "Business". What are the definitions of the following terms? You can refer to Google and Wikipedia for help. 1) The sustainable development: 2) GPS: 3) Ecology: 4) RFID: （无线射频识别） 5) Green CEO: Task 2: watch Lecture 1 and answer the following questions: 1. What is essentially a fundamental shift in our relationship with stuff, with the things in our lives? 2. What kinds of share-platforms are there in our lives? 3. What are the keys to making us contact closely? Task 3: Read the introductions of two lectures and guess the topics and the contents. 1. Topic: Content: Task 4: Watch Lecture 1 and complete the blanks with what you hear. I'm speaking to you about what I call the ___. It's essentially a fundamental ___ in our relationship with stuff, with the things in our lives. And it's starting to look at -- not always and not for everything -- but in certain moments of time, access to certain kinds of goods and service will trump ___ of them. And so it's the pursuit of better things, easily shared. And we come from a long tradition of ___. We've shared transportation. We've shared wine and food and other sorts of fabulous ___in coffee bars in Amsterdam. We've also shared other sorts of ___ -- sports arenas, public parks, concert halls, libraries, universities. All these things are share-platforms. Task 5: Watch Lecture 2 and answer the following questions. 1. Have many people heard of pop-up stores or pop-up shops? 2.From the lecturer's perspective, what is one of the things pop-up stores do? 3. What is the opportunity when we're connected? Task 6: Watch Lecture 2 and complete the blanks with what you hear . Since I'm here -- and I hope some people in the audience are in the car business -- I'm thinking that, coming from the ___side of things - - we saw cable-ready TVs and WiFi-ready Notebooks -- it would be really ___ if, any minute now, you guys could start rolling shareready cars off. Because it just creates more ___. It allows us as owners to have other options. And I think we're going there anyway.The opportunity and the ___ with mesh businesses -- and those are businesses like Zipcar or Netflix that are full mesh businesses, or other ones ___ you have a lot of the car companies, car manufacturers. Assignment Brainstorm for a potential topic you are going to research in the course, formulate research questions of the topic which you want to answer through your research and form a working research title for your research essay

ournal Articles on line √ Classical works in the pecific field √ III. Major strategies for effective reading Skimming & Scanning Predicting & identifying main idea Guessing word meaning (from context ; through roots and affixes ) Using the organization of a text Assignment for Enhancing Academic Skills Text 1 : What Internet Habits Say About Mental Health 1. Lead-in 1) How do you use the internet? (How often do you email others, chat online, stream media, or multi-task?) 2) How much do you know about depression as a disease? (symptoms, therapy…) 2. Fast reading(skimming & scanning) 1) What is the main idea of the article you may predict from the title? 2) What does "your basic psychological make-up" in the first paragraph refer to? 3) What does "mechanics" in the second paragraph refer to? 4) What is the well-known measure of depression mentioned in the third paragraph? 5) How many categories grouped by the researchers and what are they? 6) What is the topic sentence of the fifth paragraph? 7) What is CDC in the sixth paragraph? 8) What does the first sentence in the seventh paragraph indicate? 9) How many people suggested by the estimates living with depression do not realize that they have a treatable condition? 10) What is the most exciting implication of the data linking internet usage to depression? 3. Global Reading Text Organization Part I: Introduction (Paras. 1-2): Part II: Body (Paras. 3-9): Section 1 (Paras. 3-4): Section 2 (Para. 5): Section 3 (Paras. 6-9): 4. Detailed Reading 1) Academic vocabulary Formal expressions Verbs to report results: 2) Sentence devices tense shift (paras.3-4) periodic sentences (paras.3, 9) parallelism (paras.3, 7, 9) shift from the second person to the third person (compare Part I with Part II) norminalization (para. 7) 3) Hedge may seem… (para.2) …suggests that it might (para.2) may… (paras.5, 8 & 9) Perhaps… is the possibility that…but perhaps (para.9) 4) Voice indicators Explicit voice: Clearly the content of your internet usage can suggest certain psychological characteristics. (Para.2) Implicit voice (author’s hidden voice): It turns out that very specific patterns of internet use are reliably related to depressive tendencies. (Para.5) These data are particularly important for several reasons. (Para.6) Perhaps the most exciting implication of the data linking internet usage to depression is the possibility that… .(Para. 9) An intervention … may allow depression…to be discovered and treated earlier, more effectively, and for more people. (Para.9) 5. Assignments 1) Do you think the viewpoint in this text that internet habits can predict mental health is reliable or not? Why? (thinking critically) 2) Summarize the text into a summary no more than 150 words. Text 2 Read Text 2 carefully and try to pick out some topic sentences from it in order to predict and identify the main idea. Text 3 Read Text 3 and explain the meaning of the following words according to their roots and affixes. Text 4

Read text 4 and answer the following questions. How does the writer develop his main ideas in terms of organization? Which structure does the writer use to illustrate around the question, "When will the Internet Reach Its Limit and How Do We Stop That from Happening?"? How is Paragraph 4 &5 organized? What are the signal words? In Paragraph 9&10, how does the writer arrange the different approaches to make a network more aware of the information? Listening Task 1: Watch Lecture 1 and answer the following questions: 1. What does the lecturer want to show by giving the example of a pen that can penetrate into the digital space? 2. Why does the lecturer say choreography can be taught physically over distance? 3. What is the advantage of students learning about the complex concepts by using physical pixel? 4. What is the "physical pixel" about? 5. What is the title of this lecture you may suggest? Task 2: Watch Lecture 1 again complete the blanks with what you hear. And by digitally the object, we are liberating the object from of time and space, which means that now, human can be recorded and played back and left permanently in the physical world. So choreography can be taught physically over and Michael Jordan's famous shooting can be replicated over and over as a physical reality. Students can use this as a tool to learn about the complex concepts such as planetary motion, physics, and unlike computer screens or textbooks, this is a real, experience that you can touch and feel, and it's very powerful. Task 3: Watch Lecture 2 and answer the following questions 1. What does the lecturer think of the status quo computer interfaces? 2. What is the BumpTop? And what inspired the lecturer to create it? 3. What is the biggest difference between BumpTop and the traditional desktop? 4. What valuable properties of paper does the lecturer take into the icons? 5. What do you think of BumpTop? Task 4: Watch Lecture 2 again complete the blanks with what you hear. Despite computers everywhere paper really hasn't disappeared, because it has a lot of, I think, properties. And some of those we wanted to to the icons in our system. So one of the things you can do to our icons, just like paper, is them and fold them, just like paper. Remember, you know, something for later. Or if you want to be , you can just crumple it up and, you know, toss it to the corner. Also just like paper, around our we'll pin things up to the wall to remember them later, and I can do the same thing here, and you know, you'll see post-it notes and things like that around people's offices. And I can pull them off when I want to work with them. Assignment In this unit you have learned how to read for a specific academic purpose, and how to find reliable sources. And in Unit 1, you have decideded on your research topic, and now you are searching for source materials for your research. Please list as many as 10 books, journals or websites which may offer source materials to your research, and give your reasons why you choose them. Unit 3Evaluating and Organizing Information Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, the students should be able to know how to read critically, take notes of relevant information, summarize information from texts ; analyze the structure of the target text; acquire awareness of complicated academic sentence patterns; notice the characteristics of academic vocabulary; notice the hedging expressions; identify implicit and explicit voices. Learning Procedures ★Tasks Learn to read critically,take notes and summarize information from texts

★Text 1 Is the U.S. Exporting Coal Pollution? Text Organization Part I: (Paras. 1-6):The decline of the U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and the increase of the U.S. coal exports are actually of worldwide concern. Part II: (Paras. 7-9): The transformation of energy source from coal to natural gas mainly contributes to the decline of the U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Part III: (Paras. 10-16):Despite the declined domestic demand for coal, the U.S coal producers are still driven by the growing demand oversea Part IV: (Paras. 17-21): The statement that the American fallen emissions have contributed to a global drop is questioned. Assignments for Text 2 Read Text 2 and take notes according to the model given. Model: Title: ____________________ Author: __________________ Source: ___________________ Main ideas:_____________________________ ★Listening Lecture 1 Let's Prepare for Our New Climate (1) Lecture 2 Let's Prepare for Our New Climate Listening Task 1: Suppose you are going to listen to a lecture about "Environmental". What are the definitions of the following terms? You can refer to Google and Wikipedia for help. Task 2: Watch Lecture 1 and answer the following questions: 1. Why did the author say that New Orleans is one of the most vulnerable spots in the world. ? 2. How many people died in New Orleans during the 2005 Hurricane Katrina? Task 3: Watch Lecture 1 again and complete the blanks with what you hear. Other parts of the world have been hit by storms in even more ways. In 2008, Cyclone Nargis and its killed 138,000 in Myanmar. Climate change is affecting our homes, our , our way of life. We should be preparing at every and at every . Task 4: Watch Lecture 2 and answer the following questions: 1. What are the three perspectives from which the author think we should be prepared for the climate change? 2. What is the author’s suggestion in order to better adapt to violent storms? Task 5: Complete the blanks with what you hear. New York City is vulnerable to storms, as you can see from this clever , and to sea level rise, and to surge, as you can see from the subway flooding. But back above ground, these raised ventilation grates for the subway system show that solutions can be both and attractive. In fact, in New York, San Francisco and London, designers have envisioned ways to better integrate the natural and built with. ★References to tasks and exercises Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, the students should be able to know how to write a literature review acquire awareness of the functions of the sentence patterns used frequently in a literature review know how to use citation and avoid plagiarism analyze the structure of the target text; Learning Procedures I.Tasks – Sentence patterns of a literature review – Citation – Avoid plagiarism

II.Text 1 Anybody Home? Next-Gen Telescopes Could Pick Up Hints of Extraterrestrial Life III. Listening IV. Assignment for Enhancing Academic Skills V.References to tasks and exercises Task 1:functions of the sentence patterns used frequently in a literature review • Function A: review the previous related studies • Function B: announce the direction for further studies • Function C: state the previous studies’ limitation • Task 2: Read the following introductions of two lectures and guess the topics and the contents. 1. So, my question: are we alone? The story of humans is the story of ideas -- scientific ideas that shine light into dark corners, ideas that we embrace rationally and irrationally, ideas for which we've lived and died and killed and been killed, ideas that have vanished in history, and ideas that have been set in dogma. It's a story of nations, of ideologies, of territories, and of conflicts among them. But, every moment of human history, from the Stone Age to the Information Age, from Sumer and Babylon to the iPod and celebrity gossip, they've all been carried out -- every book that you've read, every poem, every laugh, every tear -- they've all happened here. • Topic: • Content: • 2. Is E.T. out there? Well, I work at the SETI Institute. That's almost my name. SETI: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. In other words, I look for aliens, and when I tell people that at a cocktail party, they usually look at me with a mildly incredulous look on their face. • Topic: • Content: Task 3: Watch Lecture 1 and answer the following questions: 1. Why does the lecturer always say the perspective is very significant? 2. What’s the exactly SETI? 3. What do the extremophiles tell us? Task 4: Watch lecture 1 and complete the blanks with what you hear. • What if, out there, others are asking and answeringquestions? What if they look up at the night sky, at the same stars, but from the opposite side? Would the discovery of an older cultural out thereus to find ways to survive our increasingly uncertain technological adolescence? Might it be the discovery of a civilization and our common cosmicthat finally drives home the message of the bond among all humans? • Task 5: Watch Lecture 2 and answer the following questions: What does one need in preparing to make contact with life elsewhere in the cosmos? Task 6: Watch lecture 2 and complete the blanks with what you hear. • We are a smallof the story of cosmic evolution, and we are going to be responsible for our continued in that story, and perhaps SETI will help as well. Occasionally, throughout history, this of this very large cosmic perspective comes to the surface, and as a result we see and profound discoveries. • Assignment for Enhancing Academic skills • Write a literature review according to the above four Texts about the research of extraterrestrial life. • Write a literature review according to the materials you have dealt with in the previous units on your own research program. Unit 5 Major Parts of an Academic Paper Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, the students should be able to: know how to write the introduction, body, discussion and / or conclusions, references, title and abstract of an research paper; analyze the structure of the target text; acquire awareness of complicated academic sentence patterns; notice the characteristics of academic vocabulary; identify implicit and explicit voices; think critically. Learning Procedures

Task: The Elements of an Introduction 1) Introduce the topic or problem with which the research essay is concerned. 2) Give a clear definition of the topic and of the related key terms. 3) Provide the relevant background information / context of the topic. 4) Review the previous related studies and point out their limitation if necessary. 5) State the purpose / objective of the essay. 6) Introduce the theoretical perspectives the essay might use. 7) Justify your choice of the topic or give the reasons for your research. 8) Explain how the essay will be organized (the outline of the essay). Task: Methods Section The methods section---a detailed breakdown of the experiment or survey---usually answers these questions: 1) What are your research questions? 2) How is your research carried out? 3) How is your data collected? 4) How are your results obtained? Task: Results Section The results section describes the statistical results and the findings of the research. It includes: 1) an overview of the experiment or a summary of the findings; 2) detailed presentation of the representative data and / or graphic aids and their locating and / or analysis; 3) detailed presentation of the findings. Task: Discussion and /or Conclusions The discussion and the conclusion can be either written separately or combined into one section. As the final part of the essay, it can serve a number of functions: a) to summarize the main ideas or key findings in the essay; b) to make some comments on the findings; c) to compare your results with previous results; d) to explain unexpected results; e) to explore possible implications; f) to point out its limitations of the work covered by your essay; g) to mention further research that might be required. Task: Rules for Making a Reference List a) Do not include sources which have not been cited in the text of the easy. b) Start each item in the list at the left margin. If an item extends to more than one line, indent the additional lines. c) Use the last or family name and initials (not full names) for all authors. If there is no author use Anonymous. d) Arrange the items in the alphabetical order of authors’ family name or in the order they appear in the text. Task: Examples of Reference (Harvard Reference System) 1) Journal articles : AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title of article. Title of journal, Vol. no. (Part no./Issue/Month), Pages, use p. or pp. e.g. MAIMON, D. and BROWNING, C.R. (2012) Adolescents’ Violent Victimization in the Neighbourhood: Situational and Contextual Determinants. British Journal of Criminology, 52 (4), pp. 808-833. 2) Books: AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title. Edition – if not the 1st. Place of publication: Publisher. e.g. CLARKE, S. (2011) Textile design. London: Laurence King. e.g. MALTZMAN, R. and SHIRLEY, D. (c2011) Green project management. London: CRC Press. e.g. SHAW, R. et al. (2011) Management essentials for doctors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3) Papers in Conference Proceedings and Symposiums: AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title. In: EDITOR(S) Title of conference proceedings. Place and date of conference (unless included in title). Place of publication: Publisher, Pages, use p. or pp. e.g. CHAN, T.M. (2011) Three problems about Dynamic Convex Hulls. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry, Paris, June 2011. New York: ACM, pp 27-37. 4) Chapters in books: AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title of chapter. In: AUTHOR(S)/EDITOR(S), (eds.) Book title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Pages. (use p. or pp.) e.g. TUCKMAN, A. (1999) Labour, skills and training. In: LEVITT, R. et al. (eds.) Thereorganised National Health Service. 6th ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, pp. 135-155. 5) Theses and dissertations : AUTHOR (Year) Title. Designation (Level, e.g. MSc, PhD.), Institution. e.g. FENG, W. (2010) Remote service provision for connected homes. Unpublished thesis (PhD), De Montfort University

6) Web Pages : AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title of document [Type of resource, i.e. Online] Organisation responsible (optional). Available from: web address [Accessed date]. e.g. NHS (2012) Mobile phone safety [Online] NHS. Available from: http://www.nhs.co.uk/ conditions/Mobile-phonesafety/Pages/Introduction.aspx [Accessed 08/08/12]. 7) Newspaper articles : AUTHOR(S) (Year) Article title. Newspaper title, Day and Month (abbreviated), Pages, use p. or pp. (where there is no page number e.g. an online newspaper use the source). e.g. GOODLEY, S. (2012) Bank of England cuts UK growth forecasts. Guardian, 8th Aug. available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk 8) Standards NAME OF AUTHORISING ORGANISATION (Year of publication) Number and title of standard. Place of publication: Publisher. e.g. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE (2008) BS ISO 8178-2: Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Exhaust emission measurement. London: British Standards Institute. Task: Tips on Devising a Title from ASCE (the American Society of Civil Engineers) The title is a description of what was investigated rather than a statement of the results or conclusions. Devise an article title that is concise yet descriptive of the content of the paper. Ensure that the title contains no more than 100 characters, including spaces between words. Avoid titles beginning with such phrases as: Analysis of ..., A note on …, Theory of …, On the …, Some …, and Toward a…. Task: Elements of an Abstract 1. Introduction of the problem. 2.Statement of the objective. 3.Description of the method. 4. Statement of the principle process. 5. Outline of chief results. 6.Conclusions and recommendations. Text 1 The Many Obligations of a Civil Engineer Lead-in: Do you want to be an engineer? Why or why not? What obligations do you think an engineer has? How do you understand "Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence"? Global Reading Text Organization Part I: Introduction (Para. 1): When a civil engineer chooses to sign and seal documents, s/he must heed ethical considerations. Part II: Body (Paras. 2-6): Different obligations of a civil engineer. Section 1 (Para. 2): Obligation to the world. Section 2 (Para. 3): Obligation to society. Part II: Body (Paras. 2-6): Section 3 (Para. 4): Obligation to peers. Section 4 (Para. 5): Obligation to employer. Section 5 (Para. 6): Obligation to himself. Part III: Conclusion (Para. 7) A civil engineer demonstrates a lack of ethical judgment if s/he seals plans that are outside his/her area of expertise. Detailed Reading Academic Vocabulary 1.Formal expressions (academic words): Drills: Replace the underlined words and expressions in the following sentences with the more formal ones from Text 1. (Para.1)…in his recent article emphasizing the past 100 years of engineering marvels. （highlighting） (Para. 1) Legal results do exist with the intention of supporting the ethics of our career,…（consequences; upholding; profession (Para.3)…but we start the possibility for new disasters if our construction fails. (initiate; potential) Variety of Academic Sentence Devices Norminalization (Para.1) Legal consequences do exist with the intention of upholding the ethics of our profession, … (Para.1) Thus, in considering only the higher standard of ethical ramifications we are making a true judgment. (Para.3) Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties. Periodical sentences:

(Para.3) Being a member of the civil engineering profession obligates me to enter an implied social contract where I must be aware of the effects my job has on my community. (Para.6) The Order, originated in Canada, promises a solemn obligation to oneself "to uphold devotion to the standards and the dignity of the engineering profession." Voice Indicators Explicit voice: Para.1: "Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence." …These can be defined as an obligation to our world, our society, our profession, our employer, and finally, an obligation to ourselves. Para.2: To sign and seal a document without expertise could potentially harm our world. Assignments Assignments for Text 1 1.The author thought that to sign and seal a document with expertise is an obligation of a civil engineer. Do you agree? Why or why not? Is there any other obligation of a civil engineer? (thinking critically) 2. Summarize the text into a summary no more than 150 words. Assignments for Text 2 Read the Methods Section of Text 2 and answer the following questions. 1. How did the authors collect the data? 2. How many variables were developed to measure interorganizational teamwork? How were respondents requested to rate all variables 3. What kinds of respondents’ rating were regarded as invalid? What methods were used for data analysis? Read the Results Section of Text 2 and answer the following questions. 1. What results were observed for the relationship among overall project performance, interorganization teamwork, project participants’ job satisfaction, and their personal views on the design/ build (D/B) procurement method? 2. For what benefits were the figures and the tables used? Mark the functions of the sentences in the Discussion and Implications Section and the Conclusions Section of Text 2. Read Text 2 carefully, and write an abstract according to its content. You should also mark the functions of the sentences you have written. Assignment for listening: Watch the lectures and answer the questions. Assignment for Enhancing Academic skills Develop your research topic you have chosen from Unit 1 into a research proposal with title, abstract, key words, introduction(literature review), outline of methods section, outline of results section, outline of discussion and conclusions, and reference list. Unit 6Listening to Academic Lectures Learning Objectives By the end of this unit, the students should be able to know how to prepare for listening to a lecture ; pay attention to the introduction of a lecture; understand the idea through examples; follow a lecture through signal words; memorize the points by taking notes. Learning Procedures Academic Tasks Prepare for listening to a lecture; Pay attention to the introduction of a lecture; Understand the idea through examples;