细菌的形态结构 示教 细菌的基本形态 ·球菌(葡萄球菌) 杆菌(变形杆菌) 螺形菌弧菌(霍乱弧菌)、螺菌、螺杄菌 细菌的特殊结构 鞭毛(变形杆菌) 荚膜(肺炎链球菌) 芽胞(破伤风梭菌) 操作革兰染色 制片:涂片、干燥、固定 染色:初染水洗媒染—→脱色 复染 (结晶紫1)(碘液1)(95%酒精30”)(稀释复红30) 水洗—印干—油镜镜检
细菌的形态结构 • 示教 – 细菌的基本形态 • 球菌(葡萄球菌) • 杆菌(变形杆菌) • 螺形菌 弧菌(霍乱弧菌)、螺菌、螺杆菌 – 细菌的特殊结构 • 鞭毛(变形杆菌) • 荚膜(肺炎链球菌) • 芽胞(破伤风梭菌) • 操作 革兰染色 制片:涂片、干燥、固定 染色:初染 水洗 媒染 脱色 复染 (结晶紫1’ ) ( 碘液1’) ( 95%酒精30”) (稀释复红30”) 水洗 印干 油镜镜检
LPS surface proteins teichoic acid o polysaccharid lipid A lipoteichoic acid membrane peptidoglycan 国Q国○国Q国Q NAM NAG peptidoglycan 国O国Oo国O国 mmmmmmmmm cytoplasmic cytoplasmic membrane membrane phospholipid phospholipid Structure of a Gram-Negative Cell Wall Structure of a Gram-Positive Cell Wall
Structure of a Gram-Negative Cell Wall Structure of a Gram-Positive Cell Wall
Smear preparation
Smear preparation
Heat fixing Staining Step 1 step 2 step 3 Step 4 Crystal violet loding Alcohol wash safranin Gram-positive bacterium Purple Blue-purple Rema ins Remains blue-purple bluo-purple Gra m-negativ bacterium Purple Blue-purple Loses stain orange-red
Staining Heat fixing
crystal violet stain wash with water
crystal violet stain wash with water
Stain with grams iodine solution Decolorize by adding 95% alcohol
Stain with gram's iodine solution Decolorize by adding 95% alcohol
Counterstain with Safranin 2分公:2
Counterstain with Safranin
影响革兰染色的因素
影响革兰染色的因素
革兰染色的意义 鉴别细菌 选择用药 致病物质
革兰染色的意义 • 鉴别细菌 • 选择用药 • 致病物质