同济大学：《高层建筑结构》课程教学资源（教案讲稿）Chapter 01 Instruction to Tall Buildings（负责人：熊海贝）

Chapter 1 Tall Building Instruction to Tall Buildings Structures 1.1 Definition of tall buildings 1.2 Development of tall buildings Haibei XIONG 1.4 The structural characteristics of tall xionghaibei@tonqji.edu.cn buildings 1.1 Definition of tall buildings The Development of Tall Buildings 30 meters? 8 ,>393 It is difficult to distinguish the charactoris Ia bu BUT.. 》@回 1.1 Definition of tall buildings The Characteristics of Tall Buildings From the structural design point of view s he heohtatcraores begin to 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载。 1

1 Tall Building Structures Haibei XIONG xionghaibei@tongji.edu.cn 1.1 Definition of tall buildings 1.2 Development of tall buildings 1.3 Development of structural systems of tall buildings 1.4 The structural characteristics of tall buildings Chapter 1 Instruction to Tall Buildings 1.1 Definition of tall buildings It is difficult to distinguish the characteristics of a building which categorize it as “tall”. tall ? 8 stories? 30 meters? 100 meters? BUT…  The Development of Tall Buildings  Definition: China，>100 meters America，>152 meters (500 ft) United Nations，>40 storeys (100 meters) Design technical distinguish degrees The object of our study should have the following characteristics: Identification on the building height The sample size is integrity CTBUH，>300 meters (Supertall Buildings) Charles H. Thornton ， Famous American structural engineer，>393 meters (1200 ft) Over 250m 1.1 Definition of tall buildings It is simpler to consider a building as tall when its structural analyses and design are in some way affected by the lateral loads, particularly the drift/sway caused by such loads. As the height increases, the lateral forces begin to dominantly control the building’s performances.. For example, under a uniform wind load the overturning moment at the base varies in proportion to the square of the height of the building, while the lateral deflection varies in proportion to the fourth power of the height . From the structural design point of view  The Characteristics of Tall Buildings  A. The horizontal loads is decisive ；  B. Dynamic response can not be under estimated；  C. The axial deformation, shear deformation, and the effect of temperature, settlement increase；  D. The amount of material, construction cost was a parabolic relationship between growth。 The height and axial force, bending moment, lateral relationship of high-rise building 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

1.2 Development of tall buildings YingXian Pagoda, Chicago,USA Built:in 1891 Built:in 1056 wall 2B副hick at groun Post and beam rea at the Stll existed ELEVATOR ln1889, the Eiffel Tower was established buiding aved the way for tall Building Uses Status: monument Sonetrnuction 187 conference 1889 observation estaurant Structural Types 2 wer Floor Aroa: 5 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

2 1.2 Development of tall buildings YingXian Pagoda， Timber Tower, Shanxi, China Built: in 1056 Height: 67m，9 stories Plan: octagon Systems: Post and beam Still existed Board of Trade Building, Chicago, USA Built: in 1891 Height: 64m，17 stories Plan: rectangular Systems:Masonry wall 7 ft (2.13 m) thick at ground level. The area of walls of this building is 15% of the gross area at the ground floor. ELEVATOR In 1885, the OTIS elevator was first used in the high rise building Then, paved the way for tall buildings not only for height but ease of construction. Today’s construction elevator In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was established Status: built Construction Dates Started: 1887 Finished: 1889 Floor Count: 3 Basement Floors: 2 Floor Area: 41,950 m² Building Uses • monument • communication • conference • observation • restaurant Structural Types • tower • truss Materials • steel 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

The First Concrete Frame 19201930 Building 1903 Tri-State Building The first dev loping decade 65.5m,15f1rs. Materials:Iron,Masonry,RC.Stee Now demolished,and unfortunately n Structural systems: Frame,frame with braces,frame and walls photos or no pictures. er Work Empire State Building ·212ok62gtom189t connected by rivets wa.w e State Buil pire state Building New York,USA,1913-1933 1950~1980 Structural systems: 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

3  1903  Tri-State Building 65.5m,15flrs. Now demolished, and unfortunately no photos or no pictures. The First Concrete Frame Building 1920～1930  The first developing decade  Materials：Iron, Masonry, RC, Steel  Structural systems： Frame, frame with braces, frame and walls Empire State Building Master Work  It was the world‘s tallest building from 1931- 1972. 102 storeys, 432m.  Steel, steel with braces, connected by rivets.  The Empire State Buildings design was inspired by a pencil with the word‘s “Make it tall enough." Empire State Building  New York, USA, 1913-1933 Source from : http://skyscraperpage.com/ 1950～1980  The second developing decades  United State, Europe countries  Materials：RC, Steel, Pre-stressed RC  Structural systems： frame, frame with braces, frame and walls, wall structures, tube structures… 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

Chicago,USA,today g. New York,1973 SEARS Sears Tower Chicago,US John Hancock Building 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

4  Chicago, USA, today Source from : http://skyscraperpage.com/ World Trade Center 415m、417m，Steel, New York, 1973 One world Trade Center Three world Trade Center  Sears Tower  Chicago,US  443m，  Tube system  John Hancock Building 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

1990~Now PETRONAS Tower 378.6m .Japan,Malaysia,Singapore.China 743.200m9 Materials,Systems .Structural control methodology and application ·Taller and taller ha Burj Dubai Burj Dubai m (63 foors) 六的沙填之花 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

5 1990 ～ Now  In Asia  Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, China  Materials, Systems  Structural control methodology and application  Taller and taller… PETRONAS Tower  Spire 452m  Roof 378.6m  88 floors  Construction area： 743,200 m2  shopping and entertainment area： 139,350m2  4500 car park underground  One Petronas Museum  One music hall  One conference hall Burj Dubai Burj Dubai Start： 2004年9月21日； finish： 2010年1月4日 height：828m（163 floors） The Tallest building now 建筑师：阿德里安·史密斯（Adrian Smith） 美国SOM设计事务所 发展商：艾马尔地产公司 施工 ：韩国三星公司 特点：联为一体的管状组合筒体结构， 太空时代风格的外形，平面Y型 基座周围采用伊斯兰建筑风格的几何图形 ——六瓣的沙漠之花。 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

The Skyline of Dubai Burj al Arab Burj al Arab Al Hamra Tower In China Beginning:1920's at Shanghai .Birthday gifts to New China: From the years plane. 1955-1959 Birthday gifts to New China Shanghal,Shenzhen,uangzhou,Bln,Tanjn, Stp:7lyarsparpae.coa/eitia/neityiD6 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载。 6

6 The Skyline of Dubai Durj al Arab Burj al Arab Burj al Arab Al Hamra Tower In China  Beginning : 1920’s at Shanghai  Birthday gifts to New China: From the second-five years plane, after 1955  1955～1959 Birthday gifts to New China  Developing: open policy  Booming: after 1995  Prosperity: 2013-2018 (Height>250m)  Shanghai, Shenzhen,Guangzhou, Beijin, Tianjin, Chongqin, … http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=6 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

In China 。 Number of over250 meters high-rise building's in China Today in China Today in China 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载。 >

7 In China 23 13 58 164 Number of over 250 meters high-rise building's in China 珠三角 39% 长三角 34% 中部 5% 环渤海7% 其他 5% 2012 have been completed and the main distribution area of the high-rise buildings City TOP10 Rank City Amo unt 1 Shanghai 16 2 Hong Kong 15 3 Canton 10 4 Shenzhen 9 5 Chongqing 7 6 Wuhan 4 6 Nanjing 4 8 Wenzhou 3 9 Beijing 2 9 Tianjin 2 9 Suzhou 2 9 Shenyang 2 Feature： 1、Most of them are located in Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta； 2、 Major cities: Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen. Today in China Today in China 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

Jin Mao Tower 金是大发 e2a Shanghai Financial Center 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载。 Q

8 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai Financial Center 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

上海 Shanghai Center 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载 9

9 上 海 Shanghai Center 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载

go量 Home Work ·u6 mit the report ·器f2 Thank you Gracias 谢谢！ http://risedr.tongji.cdu.cn/tbd 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载。 10

10 中 国 Taller and taller More and more fantastic !!!  Introduction to development of tall buildings in Your Country or your home city  Submit the report  Give a presentation at next class ( in 5 minutes) Home Work Thank you ! Gracias ! 谢 谢！ Welcome to Course Website： http://risedr.tongji.edu.cn/tbd 本课件版权归作者所有，仅供个人学习使用，请勿转载