! 自考365 W835m自考365一领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- 自考网控鱼费试近自考名件吸置报名示学习卡最权成的师资阵容 最及时的在线答疑 全程视频授课,反复观看不限次数 自考365网校数百门课程全面招生! 郭建华韩旺辰郝玉柱张旭娟孙茂竹白薇基础班十串讲班祝您成功每一天! 全国2006年1月高等教育自学考试 电子商务英语试题 课程代码:00888 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 、词汇和语法(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) 根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案,错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. The furniture in her room is quite different from in the exhibition hall B. that one C. these D. those ones 2.-What can I do for you? Id like to take these tomatoes B. two doze C. two dozens D. two dozens of 3. One warning to stop her doing it A. sufficed B. suffered 4. The Pearl River's flow into the sea is only to that of the yangt C. secor presentandallgoingonwell,ourmonitorsaid. B. are. are D A. to be true C. being true D. true book to be put into that envelop C. very big 8. I spent a very hour in the library 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第1页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 1 页 共 8 页 自考网校 免费试听.自考名师.课件更新.报名演示.学习卡. 最权威的师资阵容 最及时的在线答疑 全程视频授课，反复观看 不限次数 自考 365 网校数百门课程全面招生！ 郭建华 韩旺辰 郝玉柱 张旭娟 孙茂竹 白薇 基础班＋串讲班 祝您成功每一天！ 全国 2006 年 1 月高等教育自学考试 电子商务英语试题 课程代码：00888 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 一、词汇和语法（本大题共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，错选、多选或未选均无分。 1. The furniture in her room is quite different from ____________ in the exhibition hall. A. that B. that one C. these D. those ones 2. －What can I do for you? －I’d like to take ____________ these tomatoes. A. two dozen of B. two dozen C. two dozens D. two dozens of 3. One warning ____________ to stop her doing it. A. sufficed B. suffered C. suggested D. provided 4. The Pearl River’s flow into the sea is only ____________ to that of the Yangtze. A. the second B. a second C. second D. seconds 5. “All ____________ present and all ____________ going on well,” our monitor said. A. is…is B. are…are C. are…is D. is…are 6. The story sounds ____________. A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 7. This book is ____________ to be put into that envelop. A. big enough B. so big C. very big D. too big 8. I spent a very ____________ hour in the library
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- A. productive C. predictive D. profitable 9. English all over the world A. is teaching 10. The nurse being out, who is the children instead B. to tend C. tended d. to be tended for 11. Nothing but contempt is due to those people who ask us to to unmerited oppression C. propose D. comply that new information to anyone else but the sergeant A. They asked him not to give B. They asked him to don' t give C. They asked him no give D. They asked him to no give 13. You will be late you leave immediately C. if 14. After his troubles, hes now in comfort C. releval D. fair 15. People used to think that the earth was flat B. wasnt it C. dont they D.didn’ t they 16. That terrible day will be B. lodged C 17. The meeting between the mother and her son was B. gran D. characteristic A. doesnt it B. wont it C. don't th 19. We allowed the warm water to 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第2页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 2 页 共 8 页 A. productive B. creative C. predictive D. profitable 9. English ____________ all over the world. A. is teaching B. is taught C. teaches D. teaching 10. The nurse being out, who is ____________ the children instead. A. tend to B. to tend C. tended D. to be tended for 11. Nothing but contempt is due to those people who ask us to ____________ to unmerited oppression. A. submit B. obey C. propose D. comply 12. ____________ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant. A. They asked him not to give B. They asked him to don’t give C. They asked him no give D. They asked him to no give 13. You will be late ____________ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 14. After his troubles, he’s now in ____________ comfort. A. relative B. constant C. relevant D. fair 15. People used to think that the earth was flat, ____________? A. usedn’t it B. wasn’t it C. don’t they D. didn’t they 16. That terrible day will be ____________ in the children’s memory. A. enclosed B. lodged C. walled D. embedded 17. The meeting between the mother and her son was ____________ indeed. A. dramatic B. grand C. theatrical D. characteristic 18. Everything seems all right, ____________? A. doesn’t it B. won’t it C. don’t they D. hasn’t they 19. We allowed the warm water to ____________ us
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- C. embrace D. join 20."Where is my notebook? A. Here is it B. Here it is C. It here is D. It is here 二、完形填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项,错选、多选或未选均无分。 Not all pain sufferers are 21 Some people with mild shoulder soreness simply wait a few days for the stiffness to go 22 Others consult the family doctor. Still others may 23 acupuncture(+k). Acupuncture has been practiced in China for more than 2, 600 years, but in all that time no one thought to 24 a portable gizmo(R)that could replicate(Ei f)the sensation of needles gently, piercing one's skin to neutralize pain Now an Australian device company, acuhealth Ltd developed a hand Id. needle free device that the ancient art of acupuncture with advanced electronics. The product named acuhealth and invented by Dr. Dean Richards, uses a nice-volt battery to produce mild electric impulses, 26 the user applies to certain" tension-relief points" 27 his body It does not puncture or penetrate the skin in any 25 The device provides relief from general pain, stress, sore backs and headaches 29 the pressure points on their bodies, acuhealth users consult an accompanying book-let and use the sonar probe (it) 30 into the product 21.A. like B. likely C. alike same 22.A. on B C. out 23. A. turn to B. attend to C. adjust to D subject to 24. A produce C. sticks D combines 26.A. where B which C. what D. when 27.Aon B. for C 28.A. form B way C. time B. To find D. Having found 30.A. built B. to build D. to be built 三、阅读理解(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 阅读下面的短文,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填空或答题,错选、多选 或未选均无分。 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第3页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 3 页 共 8 页 A. clasp B. contain C. embrace D. join 20. “Where is my notebook?” “____________”. A. Here is it B. Here it is C. It here is D. It is here 二、完形填空(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，错选、多选或未选均无分。 Not all pain sufferers are 21 . Some people with mild shoulder soreness, for example, simply wait a few days for the stiffness to go 22 . Others consult the family doctor. Still others may 23 acupuncture (针灸). Acupuncture has been practiced in China for more than 2,600 years, but in all that time no one thought to 24 a portable gizmo (小发明) that could replicate (重复) the sensation of needles gently , piercing one’s skin to neutralize pain. Now an Australian device company, acuhealth Ltd. has developed a hand held, needle free device that 25 the ancient art of acupuncture with advanced electronics. The product, named acuhealth and invented by Dr. Dean Richards, uses a nice-volt battery to produce mild electric impulses, 26 the user applies to certain “tension-relief points” 27 his body. It does not puncture or penetrate the skin in any 28 . The device provides relief from general pain, stress, sore backs and headaches. 29 the pressure points on their bodies, acuhealth users consult an accompanying book-let and use the sonar probe (探针) 30 into the product. 21. A. like B. likely C. alike D. same 22. A. on B. away C. out D. down 23. A. turn to B. attend to C. adjust to D. subject to 24. A. produce B. do C. develop D. employ 25. A. relates B. attaches C. sticks D. combines 26. A. where B. which C. what D. when 27. A. on B. for C. with D. against 28. A. form B. way C. time D. direction 29. A. Finding B. To find C. Being found D. Having found 30. A. built B. to build C. building D. to be built 三、 阅读理解（本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分） 阅读下面的短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填空或答题，错选、多选 或未选均无分
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- Passage 1 During the earlier part of this century, most cities and small towns had many"guest houses There were large private homes with rooms that could be rented to visiting travelers. Guest ouses were warm and friendly places where you often could have a home clean room and bath. Today, unfortunately, few guest houses remain. They have been replace by motels(汽车旅客旅馆), which offer the traveler modern conveniences such as television in the rooms and frequently the use of a swimming pool Some guest houses can still be found, however, particular in small towns. When you can ind them, these places offer travelers a good expensive place to stay 31. Early of the present century A. there were many guest houses in most cities but not any in most small towns B. there were not only many guest houses but also many motels in most cities and small towns C. there were many guest houses not only in most cities but also in most small towns D. there were many motels in most cities and most small towns 32. Guest houses were used to receive A forei B. for students C. only the rich 33. It is a pity that A. there are very few guest houses now still C. there are a great number of motels noy D. there are more motels than guest houses now 34. Which of the following is not true? A. The travelers who live in motel can often swim in its swimming pool B. In a motel, each apartment is furnished with TV set C. Guest ho hardly be seen anywhere today D. Even today the guest houses are still comfortable to live in 2 People over the age of 65 in the U. S. A are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work fu time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren Grandparents tend to live in their own hous partments away from their families For many senior citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第4页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 4 页 共 8 页 Passage 1 During the earlier part of this century, most cities and small towns had many “guest houses”. There were large private homes with rooms that could be rented to visiting travelers. Guest houses were warm and friendly places where you often could have a home — cooked meal, a clean room and bath. Today , unfortunately, few guest houses remain. They have been replace by motels(汽车旅客旅馆), which offer the traveler modern conveniences such as television in the rooms and frequently the use of a swimming pool. Some guest houses can still be found, however, particular in small towns. When you can find them, these places offer travelers a good expensive place to stay at. 31. Early of the present century, ____________. A. there were many guest houses in most cities but not any in most small towns B. there were not only many guest houses but also many motels in most cities and small towns C. there were many guest houses not only in most cities but also in most small towns D. there were many motels in most cities and most small towns 32. Guest houses were used to receive ____________. A. foreign guests B. foreign students C. only the rich D. sightseers 33. It is a pity that ____________. A. there are very few guest houses now B. there are still so many guest houses now C. there are a great number of motels now D. there are more motels than guest houses now 34. Which of the following is not true? A. The travelers who live in motel can often swim in its swimming pool. B. In a motel, each apartment is furnished with TV set. C. Guest houses can hardly be seen anywhere today. D. Even today the guest houses are still comfortable to live in. Passage 2 People over the age of 65 in the U. S. A are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families. For many senior citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- from their families and the contacts they had in their work. moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire. The number of senior citizens in the U. S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens 35. Senior citizens are A. the people of 65 years old B. the people over 65 years of C. the people between 60 and 65 years old D. the retired people 36. Many senior citizens B. live together with their families C. feel unproductive, lonely and unsafe D. feel safe in big cities 37. Senior citizens are gaining social influence because A. the number of senior citizens is growing and because senior citizens are more active B. they do more work now C. their average life span is longer D. senior citizens have experience Passage 3 The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken markleting practices to their core. In a recent paper, Whartons Jerry Wind, director of the SEl Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing when customers can propose their own prices 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第5页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 5 页 共 8 页 from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety. Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire. The number of senior citizens in the U. S. is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens. 35. Senior citizens are ____________. A. the people of 65 years old B. the people over 65 years of age C. the people between 60 and 65 years old D. the retired people 36. Many senior citizens ____________. A. are enjoyable B. live together with their families C. feel unproductive, lonely and unsafe D. feel safe in big cities 37. Senior citizens are gaining social influence because ____________. A. the number of senior citizens is growing and because senior citizens are more active B. they do more work now C. their average life span is longer D. senior citizens have experience Passage 3 The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken mark1eting practices to their core. In a recent paper, Whartons Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- (priceline. com), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions(eBay. com) The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves, says wind. These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companie from which they purchase products and services For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more nowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functional ity, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations tapping the experience of other users. Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss, "says Wind 38. This passage was most likely to be taken from A. a paper discussing digital revolution B. an introduction to a book C. a book on digital revolution 39. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers A. are more difficult to satisf B. have les C. have more problems with prices D. are less willing to buy products and services 40. In the last paragraph, what Wind said means A. companies should try their best to meet the digital consumers' demands and expectations B. it will be more and more difficult for companies to earn profit in e-business C. most of the companies in e-business are at a loss D. digital consumers' decision to buy depends largely on others' evaluation 四、单词汉译英(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类及首字母写出相应的英语单词。 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第6页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 6 页 共 8 页 (priceline.com), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (eBay.com). The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century. To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services. ” For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything — from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind. 38. This passage was most likely to be taken from ____________. A. a paper discussing digital revolution B. an introduction to a book C. a book on digital revolution D. an overview of a paper 39. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers ____________. A. are more difficult to satisfy B. have less knowledge about business C. have more problems with prices D. are less willing to buy products and services 40. In the last paragraph, what Wind said means ____________. A. companies should try their best to meet the digital consumers’ demands and expectations B. it will be more and more difficult for companies to earn profit in e-business C. most of the companies in e-business are at a loss D. digital consumers’ decision to buy depends largely on others’ evaluation 四、 单词汉译英（本大题共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类及首字母写出相应的英语单词
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- 41.做广告v 42.批评的:危急的;决定性的ad 43.清楚的,明显的a. 44.繁荣n 45.不可避免的adj 46.定居;居住v 47.一致;一贯;相符ad 48.尝试,试图,努力v.&n. 49.外面的,位于某物外表ad 50.领地,领土:范畴n 51.比较,对照v 52.细查;扫视v 53.智力;情报n 54.获得成功,达到目的adv 55.无疑,肯定,毋庸置疑adv. 五、单词英译汉(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 给出下列单词或术语的汉语意思。 56. customer service 57. monitor 58. bandwidth 59. end user 60. IP address 61. transfer funds 62. individual spending habits 64. discounted price 65. prototype 66. human resources 68. shipping method 69. strategic objective 70. billboard 六、英译汉(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分) 阅读下面的短文,然后把画线的句子翻译成汉语 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第7页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 7 页 共 8 页 41. 做广告 v. a____________ 42. 批评的；危急的；决定性的 adj. c____________ 43. 清楚的，明显的 a. d____________ 44. 繁荣 n. p____________ 45. 不可避免的 adj i____________ 46. 定居；居住 v. r____________ 47. 一致；一贯；相符 adv. c____________ 48. 尝试，试图，努力 v. & n. a____________ 49. 外面的，位于某物外表 adj. e____________ 50. 领地，领土；范畴 n. d____________ 51. 比较，对照 v. c____________ 52. 细查；扫视 v. s____________ 53. 智力；情报 n. i____________ 54. 获得成功，达到目的 adv. s____________ 55. 无疑，肯定，毋庸置疑 adv. u____________ 五、 单词英译汉（本大题共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 给出下列单词或术语的汉语意思。 56. customer service 57. monitor 58. bandwidth 59. end user 60. IP address 61. transfer funds 62. individual spending habits 63. solution 64. discounted price 65. prototype 66. human resources 67. exploit 68. shipping method 69. strategic objective 70. billboard 六、英译汉(本大题共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 阅读下面的短文，然后把画线的句子翻译成汉语
自考365 W83第5m自考365—领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 www.zikao365.com- It has been a tumultuous time for dot-com start-ups. In fact, Gartner, Inc. estimates that over 75% of e-commerce start-ups will end in failure. (71) While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate. the fact is that early planning ultimately determ potential success or failure of a start-up. This whitepaper helps managers understand the characteristics that contribute to successful start-ups. (72)Importantly. this work also includes a entrepreneurs tify the strength of the business ar dentify problem areas One thing is clear: There are a lot of ways for a new business to go out of business. (73) Loss of focus, an inability to fulfill customer orders or service. and a mismatch of top management with the corporate culture are but a few common reasons that businesses fail, To increase the chances of success, managers need to consider four crucial inputs Management/People: The single most vital component of any business, every start-up needs a skilled management team that can execute the business plan, adapt to changing environments, and attract and retain valuable staff. Market Opportunity: To succeed, a venture requires a business model that is adaptable salable, defensible, and able to generate both revenue and profits. (74)In addition management ust recognize the company's market position and the potential of its ideas in the market Funding: The ability of the venture to raise operating cash in order to establish profitability Product and Service: This defines the demand for the product, including the degree to which it addresses customer needs and the ability to provide fulfillment and client service functions (75) By keeping a close eve on these found areas- strong leadership and management, good olid business plan. and a product that people want to purchase- businesses can position themselves to weather inevitable challenges 七、汉译英(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分) 用括号内给出的词,把下列汉语句子翻译成英语 76.那将给你以极大的竞争优势。( advantage 77.你的错误可能导致严重的后果。(aise) 78.我们要用历史的观点去看待这些事情。( perspective) 79.保罗在数学上取得了好成绩。( achieve) 80.那机会太好了,不能错过。(too.to.) 地址:北京市海淀区知春路1号学院国际大厦18层电话(010)8233555 -第8页共8页
自考 365－领先的专注于自学考试的网络媒体与服务平台 -www.zikao365.com- 地址：北京市海淀区知春路 1 号 学院国际大厦 18 层 电话:(010)82335555 -第 8 页 共 8 页 It has been a tumultuous time for dot-com start-ups. In fact, Gartner, Inc.estimates that over 75% of e-commerce start-ups will end in failure. (71) While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate, the fact is that early planning ultimately determines the potential success or failure of a start-up. This whitepaper helps managers understand the characteristics that contribute to successful start-ups. (72) Importantly, this work also includes a valuable diagnostic survey that helps entrepreneurs quantify the strength of the business and identify problem areas. One thing is clear: There are a lot of ways for a new business to go out of business. (73) Loss of focus, an inability to fulfill customer orders or service, and a mismatch of top management with the corporate culture are but a few common reasons that businesses fail. To increase the chances of success, managers need to consider four crucial inputs: Management/People: The single most vital component of any business, every start-up needs a skilled management team that can execute the business plan, adapt to changing environments, and attract and retain valuable staff. Market Opportunity: To succeed, a venture requires a business model that is adaptable, scalable, defensible, and able to generate both revenue and profits. (74) In addition, management must recognize the company’s market position and the potential of its ideas in the market. Funding: The ability of the venture to raise operating cash in order to establish profitability. Product and Service: This defines the demand for the product, including the degree to which it addresses customer needs and the ability to provide fulfillment and client service functions. (75) By keeping a close eye on these found areas — strong leadership and management, good people, a solid business plan, and a product that people want to purchase — businesses can position themselves to weather inevitable challenges. 七、 汉译英（本大题共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 用括号内给出的词，把下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 76. 那将给你以极大的竞争优势。(advantage) 77. 你的错误可能导致严重的后果。（arise） 78. 我们要用历史的观点去看待这些事情。 （perspective） 79. 保罗在数学上取得了好成绩。（achieve） 80. 那机会太好了，不能错过。（too. . . to. . . ）
