Lecture 2. economic growth and human development
Lecture 2. economic growth and human development
Ecological Economics Problems 一、人类生存 1、全球气候变化 二、可持续发展 3、水资源的数量和质量 三、生物多样性 3、水资源的数量和质量 四、审美价值多样性 13、烟雾 14、审美价值退化 15、石油泄漏 16、恶臭
▪ Ecological Economics Problems
关键环境问题 。1 重要环境问题 次重要环境问题 5、放射性废物 7、垃圾填埋场耗竭 11、热污染 15、石油泄漏 16、恶臭
成写候恋少 大目标 环境问题 社会活动 改进建议 社会共识 环境科学 生态经济学 积
雷切尔.卡逊： 《友静的春天》 人类对自身传统 *早期的反思 《寂静的春天》 行为的早期反思 罗马俱乐部： 《增长的极限》， *一服清醒剂 一《增长的极限》 引起世界严肃忧虑 联合国人类 环境会议： *全球的觉醒—联合国人类环境会议 《人类环境宜言》 正式思考环境问题 *可持续发展的提出一《我们共同的未来》 世界环境与 发展委员会： 《我们共同的未来》 环境与发展的重要飞跃 *重要的里程碑—联合国环境与发展大会 联合国环境与 发展委员会： 《21世纪议程》 人类环境与发展 的里程碑
通增长的极限 一罗马俱乐部关于人类围境的报告 股号脚SG可 美丹尼斯·米思斯等养 THE
The authors of The limits to growth interpreted this standard run as demonstrat- ing that given unchanged human behaviour and technology,economic growth in the world economy would come to an end sometime during the twenty-first cen- tury,and human numbers would go into decline.They did not assert that such tury,and human numbers would go into decline.They did not assert that such outcomes were inevitable.The forecast of disaster was conditional on the perpet- - uation of the historical relationships between the variables in the model,which relationships reflect behaviour modes and technology.In fact,a major motivation for the construction of the world model was to be able to use it to investigate what changes to the historical relationships would be needed to avert the collapse in the world economy.The idea is to use runs of the model with different numerical values for the parameters as 'what if?'experiments,just as we did with the much simpler models earlier in this chapter
Beyond the Limits -1992 人类使用许多资源并产生工业废物，这些已经 超过了自然可持续发展所能承受的水平。 ·这种下降并非不可避免。对物质消费和人口数 量无限增长的政策和措施进行全面检视；材料 和能源使用效率需快速大幅度提高。 ·社会可持续发展在技术上和经济上仍然可行
Beyond the Limits -1992 ▪ 人类使用许多资源并产生工业废物，这些已经 超过了自然可持续发展所能承受的水平。 ▪ 这种下降并非不可避免。对物质消费和人口数 量无限增长的政策和措施进行全面检视；材料 和能源使用效率需快速大幅度提高。 ▪ 社会可持续发展在技术上和经济上仍然可行
Ecological consciousness in social science-the limits to growth Different conceptions of growth a)Continuous growth ·Continuous growth physical units far off or carrying capacity - Physical limits are themselves population growing physical exponentially economy Time 06/08/2024 Ecological economics
Ecological consciousness in social science – the limits to growth Different conceptions of growth a) Continuous growth • Continuous growth – physical units far off or – Physical limits are themselves growing exponentially 06/08/2024 Ecological economics 9 Time carrying capacity population physical economy
b)Sigmoid growth signals from physical limits to growing economy are instant, accurate and responded to immediately,or population or economy limits itself without signals 06/08/2024 Ecoconomics 10
b) Sigmoid growth signals from physical limits to growing economy are instant, accurate and responded to immediately, or population or economy limits itself without signals 06/08/2024 Ecological economics 10 time