生态林业专题
生态林业专题
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.Definition of Forestry and its characteristics Definition: A cause of forest cultivation,management,protection and exploration.It is a production cause providing wood and multiple forest products,and an environmental protection project maintaining ecological balance on the earth (培育、经营、保护和开发利用森林的事业.它是提供 木材和多种林产品的生产事业，又是维护陆地生态平 衡的环境保护工程)
Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Definition of Forestry and its characteristics Definition: A cause of forest cultivation, management, protection and exploration. It is a production cause providing wood and multiple forest products, and an environmental protection project maintaining ecological balance on the earth (培育、经营、保护和开发利用森林的事业. 它是提供 木材和多种林产品的生产事业, 又是维护陆地生态平 衡的环境保护工程.)
There are many different definitions about forestry.Another short and typical one is (in Chinese ) 林业是以经营森林生态系统为主的具 有产业属性的社会公益事业。 Forestry is a cause of social public goods which mainly manage the forest ecological system and has the industrial property
There are many different definitions about forestry. Another short and typical one is (in Chinese ): 林业是以经营森林生态系统为主的具 有产业属性的社会公益事业。 Forestry is a cause of social public goods which mainly manage the forest ecological system and has the industrial property
Characteristics of forestry(林业的特点)： (l)Production rotation is long(生产周期长) (2)Risk of production and management activities (fire,wind throw ect.)(生产和经营风险) (3)Products'mature age and benefit are full of variety(成果的 成熟期和效益的多样性) (4)Forest management is a social activity(Public good)(森林经 营的社会性和公益性) (⑤)Forest area is vast(面积辽阔)
Characteristics of forestry(林业的特点): （1）Production rotation is long (生产周期长) （2）Risk of production and management activities (fire, wind throw ect.) (生产和经营风险) （3）Products’ mature age and benefit are full of variety (成果的 成熟期和效益的多样性) （4）Forest management is a social activity (Public good) (森林经 营的社会性和公益性) (5) Forest area is vast (面积辽阔)
2.Forestry Economic Management:Definition and characteristic(定义与特点) 2.1 Definition (what is it?) It belong to professional economic management.It is a science to study the rational organization and the law of forestry economic activities during forestry reproduction process. (行业经济管理，研究林业再生产过程中林业经济活 动的合理组织极其规律性的科学) 具体包括对林业经济活动的： Planning,organization,direction,coordination and control(计划，组织，指挥，协调和控制)
2. Forestry Economic Management: Definition and characteristic(定义与特点) 2.1 Definition (what is it?) It belong to professional economic management. It is a science to study the rational organization and the law of forestry economic activities during forestry reproduction process. (行业经济管理, 研究林业再生产过程中林业经济活 动的合理组织极其规律性的科学) 具体包括对林业经济活动的: Planning, organization, direction, coordination and control (计划, 组织, 指挥, 协调和控制)
2.2 The characteristic of forestry economic management(林业经济管理的特点) (I)综合性(comprehensiveness) It involves:economics,forestry science,politics,law, sociology,psychology(涉及经济学，林业科学，政 治，法律，社会学，心理学) (2)实践性(Practicality) Applied science (vs.theoretical science). Come from practice,beyond practice,service practice and tested by practice(来源于实践，高于实 践，服务实践，被实践检验)
2.2 The characteristic of forestry economic management(林业经济管理的特点) (1)综合性(comprehensiveness) It involves: economics, forestry science, politics, law, sociology, psychology (涉及经济学, 林业科学, 政 治, 法律, 社会学,心理学) (2) 实践性(Practicality) Applied science (vs. theoretical science). Come from practice, beyond practice, service practice and tested by practice (来源于实践, 高于实 践, 服务实践, 被实践检验)
3.Research methods of forestry economic management(研究方法) 3.1 Overall research method(总体研究方法) 经济因素 自然因素 上层建筑因素 林业经济管理 切实可行有效的方案
3. Research methods of forestry economic management (研究方法) 3.1 Overall research method (总体研究方法) 林业经济管理 切实可行有效的方案 经济因素 自然因素 上层建筑因素
3.2 comparison research method(比较研究方法) Only after comparison,you know which one is better(有比较才有鉴别) 比较方法的最高级别一最优化方法(optimization method) It is a big and famous study area and there are many ready to use technique and methods!! 3.3 Dynamic research method(动态研究方法) reasons: (1)objective economic phenomenon is under development constantly(客观经济现象不断发展变 化)
3.2 comparison research method(比较研究方法) Only after comparison, you know which one is better(有比较才有鉴别) 比较方法的最高级别 — 最优化方法(optimization method) It is a big and famous study area and there are many ready to use technique and methods!! 3.3 Dynamic research method(动态研究方法) reasons: (1) objective economic phenomenon is under development constantly(客观经济现象不断发展变 化)
(2)objective reality is complex,so the cognition to it is a process(客观实际是复杂的， 对它的认识是一个过程) 认识一实践一再认识一再实践. 3.4 Qualitative and quantitative methods combined together(定性与定量) Any economic problem has its qualitative and quantitative specificities(任何经济问题都有其定性和定 量的规定性) So,in order to understand the problem accurately, we must to study it both qualitatively and quantitatively
3.4 Qualitative and quantitative methods combined together(定性与定量) Any economic problem has its qualitative and quantitative specificities (任何经济问题都有其定性和定 量的规定性) So, in order to understand the problem accurately, we must to study it both qualitatively and quantitatively. (2) objective reality is complex, so the cognition to it is a process (客观实际是复杂的, 对它的认识是一个过程) 认识→实践→再认识→再实践 .
4.FOREST OUTPUTS AND USERS(森林产品及使 用者) 4.1 Forest Outputs Saw Timber锯材 Wood Pulp Wood纸浆材 Products Fuel薪材. 木产品 Recreation:hiking,bicycling, camping Scenic beauty,oxygen production, Non-wood Products consume carbon dioxide, pollution filtering Prevent erosion,clean Some of the output can water,. easily be valued,some Wild life protection,enhance are not! fisheries
4. FOREST OUTPUTS AND USERS(森林产品及使 用者) 4.1 Forest Outputs Wood Products 木产品 Non-wood Products Saw Timber 锯材 Pulp Wood 纸浆材 Fuel 薪材. Recreation: hiking, bicycling, camping . Scenic beauty, oxygen production, consume carbon dioxide, pollution filtering Prevent erosion, clean water, . Wild life protection, enhance fisheries. Some of the output can easily be valued, some are not!