上海交通大学通识教育立项核心课程 课程名称：生物技术与人类课程号：BI906班级号：F1301002 姓名： 黄天昊学号： 5130109033专业：船舶海洋与建筑工程 课程小论文 题目编号 20.The Present Situation and 得分 Development of Bio diesel 序号 选题 1 生物技术的由来与发展 2 基因工程与农业革命 3 “黄金水稻”所引发的故事 4 “绿色革命”与农业基因工程 5 转基因食品安全吗？ 6 舌尖上的生物技术 7 功能食品与生物技术 8 新能源的希望生物柴油 9 化解能源危机的微生物 10 “白色革命”与生物技术 改变环境的基因科学 12 “红色革命”与基因工程 13 非典型战争一生物战与基因武器 14 抗生素与耐药菌 15 转基因的影响 16 基因的伦理 17 试管婴儿的是与非 18 转基因与生物多样性 19 人类基因与专利 20 自选题目（限在粮食或视频、能源或人类健康领域）
上海交通大学通识教育立项核心课程 课程名称： 生物技术与人类 课程号： BI906 班级号： F1301002 姓名： 黄天昊 学号： 5130109033 专业： 船舶海洋与建筑工程 课程小论文 题目编号 20.The Present Situation and Development of Bio diesel 得分 序号 选题 1 生物技术的由来与发展 2 基因工程与农业革命 3 “黄金水稻”所引发的故事 4 “绿色革命”与农业基因工程 5 转基因食品安全吗？ 6 舌尖上的生物技术 7 功能食品与生物技术 8 新能源的希望-生物柴油 9 化解能源危机的微生物 10 “白色革命”与生物技术 11 改变环境的基因科学 12 “红色革命”与基因工程 13 非典型战争—生物战与基因武器 14 抗生素与耐药菌 15 转基因的影响 16 基因的伦理 17 试管婴儿的是与非 18 转基因与生物多样性 19 人类基因与专利 20 自选题目（限在粮食或视频、能源或人类健康领域）
The Present Situation and Development of Bio diesel Tianhao Huang (International Shipping,200240) Abstract:Energy shortage and environmental pollution is a great challenge to the human society.The bio diesel is a kind of renewable energy,and has the advantages of high sixteen value,non-toxic,non sulfur, renewable and biodegradable.Its application and promotion is the best way to solve the problem of energy substitution at this stage.Today,the development of foreign bio diesel industry is rapid,and the output is increasing year by year,while the Chinese bio diesel industry is just beginning.This review summarized the different methods of bio diesel production,and introduced the technology and strategy of the upstream and downstream of the production. Key words:Bio diesel;current situation;development prospect 0 Introduction In the rapid development of modern society,people's dependence on oil is increasingly strong,oil restricts the economic development of countries in the world,is the lifeblood of the country.But increasingly nervous energy,soaring oil prices,coupled with environmental pollution factors in,countries all over the world have to speed up the exploration of new and renewable sources of energy.Biomass energy and solar energy and other renewable energy become mainstream,and the bio diesel is a renewable and environmental protection,and has won the attention of all countries. 1 Development history of bio diesel Bio diesel is a renewable diesel fuel,which is made from the oil plant,the wild oil plant and the engineering micro-algae,and the oil and the animal fats and oils,etc..Bio diesel is a kind of biomass energy,which is a kind of long chain fatty acid,which is obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass.Bio diesel is a kind of complex organic compounds with high oxygen content.These compounds are mainly organic compounds with high molecular weight,almost all kinds of organic compounds,such as:ether,esters, aldehydes,ketones,phenol,organic acids,alcohols,etc..In 1983,the American scientist Quick Graham was first used to prepare the oil methyl ester was used in the engine,and put forward the set of bio diesel. In 1988,bio diesel was born in Germany Nell company,its invention to Rapeseed Oil as raw materials refined clean fuel
The Present Situation and Development of Bio diesel Tianhao Huang （International Shipping，200240） Abstract: Energy shortage and environmental pollution is a great challenge to the human society. The bio diesel is a kind of renewable energy, and has the advantages of high sixteen value, non-toxic, non sulfur, renewable and biodegradable. Its application and promotion is the best way to solve the problem of energy substitution at this stage. Today, the development of foreign bio diesel industry is rapid, and the output is increasing year by year, while the Chinese bio diesel industry is just beginning. This review summarized the different methods of bio diesel production, and introduced the technology and strategy of the upstream and downstream of the production. Key words: Bio diesel; current situation; development prospect 0 Introduction In the rapid development of modern society, people's dependence on oil is increasingly strong, oil restricts the economic development of countries in the world, is the lifeblood of the country. But increasingly nervous energy, soaring oil prices, coupled with environmental pollution factors in, countries all over the world have to speed up the exploration of new and renewable sources of energy. Biomass energy and solar energy and other renewable energy become mainstream, and the bio diesel is a renewable and environmental protection, and has won the attention of all countries. 1 Development history of bio diesel Bio diesel is a renewable diesel fuel, which is made from the oil plant, the wild oil plant and the engineering micro-algae, and the oil and the animal fats and oils, etc.. Bio diesel is a kind of biomass energy, which is a kind of long chain fatty acid, which is obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass. Bio diesel is a kind of complex organic compounds with high oxygen content. These compounds are mainly organic compounds with high molecular weight, almost all kinds of organic compounds, such as: ether, esters, aldehydes, ketones, phenol, organic acids, alcohols, etc.. In 1983, the American scientist Quick Graham was first used to prepare the oil methyl ester was used in the engine, and put forward the set of bio diesel. In 1988, bio diesel was born in Germany Nell company, its invention to Rapeseed Oil as raw materials refined clean fuel
2 Main characteristics of bio diesel Bio diesel is a kind of biomass energy,which contains 77%carbon,12%hydrogen,11%oxygen and trace sulfur and nitrogen.Bio diesel as an exchange product of animal and vegetable oils,according to chemical composition analysis,is generally made of high fatty acid esters of 14--18 carbon atoms,and is very phase of petrochemical diesel oil.It is basically no sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons,sixteen alkanes value of up to 52.9,can be biodegradable,non-toxic,harmless to the environment,can meet the requirements of the health impact of the u.s..In the process of producing bio diesel,the mineral energy per unit of each unit can be obtained by the energy of 3.2 units,and in all of the alternative energy,the unit value of the unit is the most.Compared with the use of petrochemical diesel,it opens high flash point, storage,use,transport are very safe,with many incomparable performance. (1)It has excellent environmental characteristics.Mainly due to low sulfur content in bio diesel,so that sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions is low,can be reduced by about 30%(when the catalyst is 70%);bio diesel does not contain the environment will cause pollution of aromatic hydrocarbons,and thus the human damage to the human body is lower than diesel.Tests show that compared with ordinary diesel fuel,the use of bio diesel can reduce 90%of the air toxic and reduce the rate of 94%of cancer;due to bio diesel and high oxygen content,so that its combustion smoke less,a reduction of about 10%(95% of a catalyst)compared to carbon monoxide emissions from diesel;bio diesel biodegradable high. (2)A better low temperature engine starting performance.No additive cold filter point-20. (3)It has good lubricating properties.The wear rate of the fuel injection pump,the engine block and the connecting rod is low,and the service life is long. (4)It has better safety performance.Due to the high flash point,bio diesel does not belong to dangerous goods.Therefore,in the transport,storage,use of security is obvious. (5)Having good fuel properties.Cetane value is high,the combustion in diesel engine,combustion residue was slightly acidic,the service life of the catalyst and engine oil lengthened. (6)With renewable properties.As renewable energy,and oil reserves are different,and its supply of agricultural and biological scientists will not be exhausted. (7)Without changing the diesel engine,can be added directly to use.At the same time,no need to put gas equipment,storage equipment and personnel training in special skills. (8)Bio diesel to a certain proportion of the use of petrochemical and petrochemical,can reduce fuel consumption,improve power,and reduce pollution. It shows that the advantages of bio diesel is not only adapted to the current needs of the social and
2 Main characteristics of bio diesel Bio diesel is a kind of biomass energy, which contains 77% carbon, 12% hydrogen, 11% oxygen and trace sulfur and nitrogen. Bio diesel as an exchange product of animal and vegetable oils, according to chemical composition analysis, is generally made of high fatty acid esters of 14--18 carbon atoms, and is very phase of petrochemical diesel oil. It is basically no sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons, sixteen alkanes value of up to 52.9, can be biodegradable, non-toxic, harmless to the environment, can meet the requirements of the health impact of the u.s.. In the process of producing bio diesel, the mineral energy per unit of each unit can be obtained by the energy of 3.2 units, and in all of the alternative energy, the unit value of the unit is the most. Compared with the use of petrochemical diesel, it opens high flash point, storage, use, transport are very safe, with many incomparable performance. (1) It has excellent environmental characteristics. Mainly due to low sulfur content in bio diesel, so that sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions is low, can be reduced by about 30% (when the catalyst is 70%); bio diesel does not contain the environment will cause pollution of aromatic hydrocarbons, and thus the human damage to the human body is lower than diesel. Tests show that compared with ordinary diesel fuel, the use of bio diesel can reduce 90% of the air toxic and reduce the rate of 94% of cancer; due to bio diesel and high oxygen content, so that its combustion smoke less, a reduction of about 10% (95% of a catalyst) compared to carbon monoxide emissions from diesel; bio diesel biodegradable high. (2) A better low temperature engine starting performance. No additive cold filter point -20. (3) It has good lubricating properties. The wear rate of the fuel injection pump, the engine block and the connecting rod is low, and the service life is long. (4) It has better safety performance. Due to the high flash point, bio diesel does not belong to dangerous goods. Therefore, in the transport, storage, use of security is obvious. (5) Having good fuel properties. Cetane value is high, the combustion in diesel engine, combustion residue was slightly acidic, the service life of the catalyst and engine oil lengthened. (6) With renewable properties. As renewable energy, and oil reserves are different, and its supply of agricultural and biological scientists will not be exhausted. (7) Without changing the diesel engine, can be added directly to use. At the same time, no need to put gas equipment, storage equipment and personnel training in special skills. (8) Bio diesel to a certain proportion of the use of petrochemical and petrochemical, can reduce fuel consumption, improve power, and reduce pollution. It shows that the advantages of bio diesel is not only adapted to the current needs of the social and
economic development,but also a significant contribution to the sustainable development of human beings.The carbon dioxide emitted by the combustion is much lower than the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant growth,and it also helps to slow down the greenhouse effect and is the real green diesel fuel. 3 development status of bio diesel With the rise of oil prices,bio diesel has got more and more attention,and many countries have introduced policies and measures to encourage the development of bio diesel.Bio diesel production from 2004's 21.96 L soared to 98.41 L in 2007,an average annual growth of 25.48.At present,countries in the world,especially in developed countries,are working on the development of high efficiency and non polluting energy use technology.Europe has become the main production of bio diesel oil.The United States,Italy,France has built a bio diesel production device dozens.Development of bio diesel,raw material is the key.There are many kinds of raw materials to produce bio diesel,and all countries have chosen to have their own advantages in the production of raw materials.The United States uses genetically modified soybean oil,the European development of rape,some Southeast Asian countries are using their rich palm oil.Among them,palm oil,jatropha oil,algae bio diesel feed-stock is slowly rising.China began the research and popularization of bio diesel more than ten years ago,but the shortage of raw materials is an important factor to restrict the development of bio diesel.Our country although is the world's largest rapeseed,cottonseed,and peanut production in,as well as the global fourth largest soybean producer,but oil production cannot meet the needs of the people's daily food.According to statistics,in 2004 China's per ca-pita oil consumption of 17.6kg,the total demand of 13 million people of edible vegetable oil T,while the domestic oil production is only 1400 t.To this end,2004 annual imports of edible oil of 676 million T,which imports of soybean oil 252 million T,35.3 million tons of rapeseed oil,239 million tons of palm oil,soybean imports 20.23 million T,rapeseed 47 million.Therefore,in order to develop the bio diesel industry in China,we must take the problem of solving the raw material of bio diesel.Only to solve the problem of raw materials,bio diesel in our country to have a stable development direction.China's bio diesel production technology is mainly to conventional acid-base and modification of acid and alkali,solid molecular sieve as catalyst of practical technology and lipase as catalyst and super critical without catalyst technology reserve system.At present,China's bio diesel oil is mainly based on the poor quality of the waste gas,the use of acid and alkali catalyst.Because of the short process route,it is seldom to be treated with glycerol,which is usually only used as fuel oil.In the process of the use of vacuum distillation technology,to ensure that different raw materials can produce the same quality of bio diesel.As a result of our country has no unified standard of bio diesel,the product quality is different,but
economic development, but also a significant contribution to the sustainable development of human beings. The carbon dioxide emitted by the combustion is much lower than the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant growth, and it also helps to slow down the greenhouse effect and is the real green diesel fuel. 3 development status of bio diesel With the rise of oil prices, bio diesel has got more and more attention, and many countries have introduced policies and measures to encourage the development of bio diesel. Bio diesel production from 2004's 21.96 L soared to 98.41 L in 2007, an average annual growth of 25.48. At present, countries in the world, especially in developed countries, are working on the development of high efficiency and non polluting energy use technology. Europe has become the main production of bio diesel oil. The United States, Italy, France has built a bio diesel production device dozens.Development of bio diesel, raw material is the key. There are many kinds of raw materials to produce bio diesel, and all countries have chosen to have their own advantages in the production of raw materials. The United States uses genetically modified soybean oil, the European development of rape, some Southeast Asian countries are using their rich palm oil. Among them, palm oil, jatropha oil, algae bio diesel feed-stock is slowly rising.China began the research and popularization of bio diesel more than ten years ago, but the shortage of raw materials is an important factor to restrict the development of bio diesel. Our country although is the world's largest rapeseed, cottonseed, and peanut production in, as well as the global fourth largest soybean producer, but oil production cannot meet the needs of the people's daily food. According to statistics, in 2004 China's per ca-pita oil consumption of 17.6kg, the total demand of 13 million people of edible vegetable oil T, while the domestic oil production is only 1400 t. To this end, 2004 annual imports of edible oil of 676 million T, which imports of soybean oil 252 million T, 35.3 million tons of rapeseed oil, 239 million tons of palm oil, soybean imports 20.23 million T, rapeseed 47 million. Therefore, in order to develop the bio diesel industry in China, we must take the problem of solving the raw material of bio diesel. Only to solve the problem of raw materials, bio diesel in our country to have a stable development direction.China's bio diesel production technology is mainly to conventional acid-base and modification of acid and alkali, solid molecular sieve as catalyst of practical technology and lipase as catalyst and super critical without catalyst technology reserve system. At present, China's bio diesel oil is mainly based on the poor quality of the waste gas, the use of acid and alkali catalyst. Because of the short process route, it is seldom to be treated with glycerol, which is usually only used as fuel oil. In the process of the use of vacuum distillation technology, to ensure that different raw materials can produce the same quality of bio diesel. As a result of our country has no unified standard of bio diesel, the product quality is different, but
the basic can achieve the relevant quality of bio diesel.Compared with foreign countries,China has a considerable gap in the development of bio diesel,long-term wandering in the primary research stage, failed to form a bio diesel industry:the government has not yet set up a set of support for bio diesel fuel, incentives and incentives,but did not develop a unified standard and the implementation of industrial development.Therefore,after entering the WTO,China has become more and more urgent in the background of how to face the dual pressures of economic development and environmental protection. 4 development prospects of bio diesel The development of fuel ethanol,bio diesel and bio chemical products are in line with the national alternative energy strategy.The national development plan for bio diesel is:"Eleven-five"industrial demonstration,"twelve-five"industrial promotion,"Five -thirteen".Development of bio diesel,China is very rich in raw material resources.China has a vast territory,a large geographical span,different water and heat resources,energy and plant resources are rich and varied.At present,the development and utilization of bio diesel in our country is still in the initial stage,we must reduce the cost of bio diesel, make it play a bigger role in the transformation of China's energy structure.Along with the continuous deepening of reform and opening to the outside world,in the process of global economic integration,in China's accession to the WTO of the excellent situation,will further enhance the level of China's economy, the demand for energy will continue unabated,as long as the transformation on the bio diesel research results into productive forces,the formation of industrialization,its application in diesel engine,diesel generator,air conditioning equipment and rural fuel is very broad.With the development of modern society,the modern diesel engine makes the diesel engine of the vehicle model,which makes the demand for bio diesel is more urgent.The development of bio diesel industry,the establishment of biological raw material base,characteristic planting high yield oil crops,not only can increase the income of farmers,and promote the economic development of rural areas and the surrounding areas,but also on the country's economic and social development make an important contribution,kill two birds with one stone.Coupled with its renewable and clean characteristics,the environmental protection has advantages and disadvantages,more in line with the current social development needs,I believe that the future of bio diesel will integrate into society and become an indispensable important industry
the basic can achieve the relevant quality of bio diesel.Compared with foreign countries, China has a considerable gap in the development of bio diesel, long-term wandering in the primary research stage, failed to form a bio diesel industry: the government has not yet set up a set of support for bio diesel fuel, incentives and incentives, but did not develop a unified standard and the implementation of industrial development. Therefore, after entering the WTO, China has become more and more urgent in the background of how to face the dual pressures of economic development and environmental protection. 4 development prospects of bio diesel The development of fuel ethanol, bio diesel and bio chemical products are in line with the national alternative energy strategy. The national development plan for bio diesel is: "Eleven - five" industrial demonstration, "twelve - five" industrial promotion, "Five - thirteen".Development of bio diesel, China is very rich in raw material resources. China has a vast territory, a large geographical span, different water and heat resources, energy and plant resources are rich and varied. At present, the development and utilization of bio diesel in our country is still in the initial stage, we must reduce the cost of bio diesel, make it play a bigger role in the transformation of China's energy structure.Along with the continuous deepening of reform and opening to the outside world, in the process of global economic integration, in China's accession to the WTO of the excellent situation, will further enhance the level of China's economy, the demand for energy will continue unabated, as long as the transformation on the bio diesel research results into productive forces, the formation of industrialization, its application in diesel engine, diesel generator, air conditioning equipment and rural fuel is very broad. With the development of modern society, the modern diesel engine makes the diesel engine of the vehicle model, which makes the demand for bio diesel is more urgent. The development of bio diesel industry, the establishment of biological raw material base, characteristic planting high yield oil crops, not only can increase the income of farmers, and promote the economic development of rural areas and the surrounding areas, but also on the country's economic and social development make an important contribution, kill two birds with one stone. Coupled with its renewable and clean characteristics, the environmental protection has advantages and disadvantages, more in line with the current social development needs, I believe that the future of bio diesel will integrate into society and become an indispensable important industry
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[Reference] [1] Yinyu Gao,Wenwei Chen,Rongsheng Ruan,Xiangyang Lin,Caishui Chen. Research progress of bio diesel[J]. Renewable energy, 2004(03)：6-7 [2] Wudi Zhang,Fang Yin,Jianchang Li,Shiqing Liu,Huilin Guan,Helin Wang,Yu Mao. Current situation of development and utilization of bio diesel[J].China Construction Dynamics.Sunshine Energy, 2006(02):60 [3] Xing Ji, Linhe Kong.Progress and industrial prospect of bio diesel technology[J].Chinese Engineering Science, 2002（09）:86 [4] Weiguang Wu,Huanguang Chou,Zhigang Chou,Zhigang Xu. Development status, influence and Prospect of bio diesel [J] .Journal of Agricultural Engineering ,2009(3)：298 [5] Xiaoyang Nie,Hongzhou Li,Yingpeng Zhang. Current situation and development prospect of biodiesel in China[J]. Gansu science and technology, 2007(07)：124 [6] Xing Ji.Xuan Wang.Suggestions for development of biodiesel industry in China[J].International Chemical Information，2006（4）：18-21 [7] Shaojun，Hualin Li.Current situation, problems and Countermeasures of the development of biodiesel in China[J].Progress in chemical industry ,2008,27(10)：1487 [8] Min Enze ， Yao Zhilong.The Development of Biodiesel Industry in Recent Years -- Peculiarity,Predicament and Countermeasures[J] . PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY ,2007 ,19(7)：1058
