Public Health Practice and Improvement framework Practices and essential services 公共卫生实践改善框架 实践和关键服务
Public Health Practice and Improvement Framework – Practices and Essential Services – 公共卫生实践,改善框架 -实践和关键服务-
Public health infrastructure goal 公共卫生基础设施目标 Every health department better prepared ◆每一个卫生部门都应该准备好 o Every community better protected ◆每一个社区都受很好的保护 What does it take to be fully prepared? 如何才能做好充分的准备?
2 Public Health Infrastructure Goal 公共卫生基础设施目标 Every health department better prepared 每一个卫生部门都应该准备好 Every community better protected 每一个社区都受很好的保护 What does it take to be fully prepared? 如何才能做好充分的准备？
Step one 第一步 1. Develop, a Community Health Assessment Plan制定 社区卫生评估计划 2. Gather Most Important Data收集重要数据 3. Interpret the Data对数据进行分析 4. Report撰写报告 brief,简洁 to the point,重点突出 clear data数据明晰 specific recommendations明确的建议
3 Step One 第一步 1. Develop a Community Health Assessment Plan 制定 社区卫生评估计划 2. Gather Most Important Data 收集重要数据 3. Interpret the Data 对数据进行分析 4. Report 撰写报告 brief, 简洁 to the point, 重点突出 clear data 数据明晰 specific recommendations 明确的建议
Assessment Essential services 评价关键服务 Monitor health status to identify community health problems监测卫生现状,确定社区卫生问题 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community诊断和调查社区的卫生问题 和健康危害 3. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population- based health services评价有效 性,可获得性以及个人和人群健康服务的质量
4 Assessment Essential Services 评价关键服务 1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems 监测卫生现状,确定社区卫生问题 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community 诊断和调查社区的卫生问题 和健康危害 3. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services 评价有效 性,可获得性,以及个人和人群健康服务的质量
Causes of premature Death in the U.s. 1990 1990年美国过早死亡的原因 Cause原因 of Total deaths总死亡 obacco 烟草 38%0 Diet/activity patterns'饮食/运动模式 28%0 Alcohol酒精 10% Microbial agents微生物 Toxic agents毒物 6 Firearms枪支 Sexual behavior性行为 Motor vehicles交通事故 290 llicit drugs非法毒品 1 What would be the leading causes in China? 在中国首要原因是什么? Source: McGinnis& Foege, JAMA 1993
5 Causes of Premature Death in the U.S. 1990 1990年美国过早死亡的原因 Cause原因 % of Total Deaths总死亡 Tobacco烟草 38% Diet/activity patterns饮食/运动模式 28% Alcohol酒精 10% Microbial agents微生物 8% Toxic agents毒物 6% Firearms 枪支 4% Sexual behavior 性行为 2% Motor vehicles 交通事故 2% Illicit drugs 非法毒品 1% Source: McGinnis & Foege, JAMA 1993 What would be the leading causes in China? 在中国首要原因是什么?
What is Most Important to Monitor? Some possible criteria 监测的重点是什么?一些可能的标准 Contribute most to years of productive life lost?是否导 致生产年的丧失? Affects other regions and countries?是否影响其他的 区域和国家? Could be improved greatly with good data是否可以通 过好的数据显著改善健康状 况?
6 What is Most Important to Monitor? Some possible criteria… 监测的重点是什么？一些可能的标准 Contribute most to years of productive life lost? 是否导 致生产年的丧失？ Affects other regions and countries? 是否影响其他的 区域和国家？ Could be improved greatly with good data 是否可以通 过好的数据显著改善健康状 况？
Top Three Health Problems? Aging problems老龄 Infant death婴儿死亡 Cancers癌症 Infectious diseases传染 Child abuse /neglect 病 orphans虐待儿童 Mental health problems Diabetes糖尿病 神病 Domestic violence Car/ Bike injuries车祸 家庭暴力 Rape性暴力 Heart disease/stroke 心脏病中风 Lung disease肺病 blood pressure高血压 Sexual diseases性病 HV/AIDS艾滋病 Suicide自杀 Homicide他杀 Other:其他
7 Top Three Health Problems? ___ Aging problems 老龄 化 ___ Cancers 癌症 ___ Child abuse /neglect, orphans 虐待儿童 ___ Diabetes 糖尿病 ___ Domestic Violence 家庭暴力 ___ Heart disease/stroke 心脏病/中风 ___ blood pressure高血压 ___ HIV / AIDS 艾滋病 ___ Homicide 他杀 ___ Infant Death 婴儿死亡 ___ Infectious Diseases 传染 病 ___ Mental health problems精 神病 ___ Car /Bike injuries 车祸 ___ Rape性暴力 ___ Lung disease 肺病 ___ Sexual Diseases 性病 ___ Suicide 自杀 ___ Other:__其他_____
What Would You like to Achieve by 2010 到2010年想要达到什么目标不? ◆ objectives for change目标 Develop an Objective By when, what will be changed, by how much change for what group? 制定目标(何时、取得何种变 化、变化多少、目标人群是哪
8 What Would You Like to Achieve By 2010? 到2010年想要达到什么目标不？ objectives for change 目标 Develop An Objective (By when, what will be changed, by how much change, for what group?)____________________ _________________________ 制定目标（何时、取得何种变 化、变化多少、目标人群是哪 个？）
Leading health Indicators 主要的健康指标 Biological causes of death, illness inJury导致死亡、疾病、伤害的生物 学因素 ◆ Behavior and lifestyle行为与生活方 式 Environment: quality of air, water, food land环境因素:空气、水、食物、 土地的质量 ◆ Immunizations免疫接种 ◆ Access to health care卫生保健的获 得
9 Leading Health Indicators 主要的健康指标 Biological causes of death, illness, injury 导致死亡、疾病、伤害的生物 学因素 Behavior and Lifestyle 行为与生活方 式 Environment: quality of air, water, food, land 环境因素：空气、水、食物、 土地的质量 Immunizations 免疫接种 Access to health care 卫生保健的获 得
Services need to address all determinants of Public health 解决公共健康所有决定因素所需要的服务 and work In Living and working cond itions may include:工作生活环境包括 dy and community net Psychosocial factors社会心理因素 Employment status and occupational factors就业状况和职业因素 ∴C Socioeconomic status(income education, occupation) Innate individual traits ·社会经济状况(收入,教育职业 age, sex, race, and The natural and built environments Over the life span biological ·自然和人为环境 factors Public health services The biology of 公共卫生服务 disease · Health care services ·医疗服务 ◇ ems T
10 Services Need to Address All Determinants of Public Health 解决公共健康所有决定因素所需要的服务 Over the life span Living and working conditions may include:工作生活环境包括: • Psychosocial factors 社会心理因素 • Employment status and occupational factors 就业状况和职业因素 • Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation) •社会经济状况(收入,教育,职业) • The natural and builtc environments •自然和人为环境 • Public health services •公共卫生服务 • Health care services •医疗服务