PRC Contract Law (Promulgated on 15 March 1999 and effective as of 1 October 1999.) (一九九九年三月十五日公布，自一九九九年十月一日起施行。) GENERAL PROVISIONS 总则 PART ONE:GENERAL STIPULATIONS 第一章一般规定 Article 1:This Law has been formulated to protect the lawful rights and interests of contracting parties,maintain social and economic order and promote socialist modernization. 第一条为了保护合同当事人的合法权益·维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设， 制定本法。 Article 2:For the purposes of this Law,the term"contracts"refers to agreements by which natural persons,legal persons and/or other organizations,as equal parties,establish,modify or terminate relationships of civil rights and obligations 第二条本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人·法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权 利义务关系的协议。 Agreements concerning such civil status matters as marriage,adoption,guardianship,etc.are governed by other laws. 婚姻、收养、监护等有矣身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规定。 Article 3:Contracting parties have equal legal status,and one party may not impose his will upon the other party. 第三条合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。 1
1 PRC Contract Law (Promulgated on 15 March 1999 and effective as of 1 October 1999.) (一九九九年三月十五日公布，自一九九九年十月一日起施行。) GENERAL PROVISIONS 总则 PART ONE: GENERAL STIPULATIONS 第一章一般规定 Article 1: This Law has been formulated to protect the lawful rights and interests of contracting parties, maintain social and economic order and promote socialist modernization. 第一条为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设， 制定本法。 Article 2: For the purposes of this Law, the term “contracts” refers to agreements by which natural persons, legal persons and/or other organizations, as equal parties, establish, modify or terminate relationships of civil rights and obligations. 第二条本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权 利义务关系的协议。 Agreements concerning such civil status matters as marriage, adoption, guardianship, etc. are governed by other laws. 婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规定。 Article 3: Contracting parties have equal legal status, and one party may not impose his will upon the other party. 第三条合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方
Article 4:Parties enjoy the legal right to voluntarily conclude contracts,and no work unit or individual may illegally intervene therein. 第四条当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利·任何单位和个人不得非法干预· Article 5:The parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in determining the rights and obligations of the parties. 第五条当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务· Article 6:The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. 第六条当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。 Article 7:When concluding and performing contracts,the parties shall comply with the laws and administrative regulations and respect public morals,and they may not disturb the social or economic order or harm the public interest 第七条当事人订立、履行合同，应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德，不得扰乱社会 经济秩序·损害社会公共利益。 Article 8:Legally formed contracts are legally binding on the parties.The parties shall perform their respective obligations as agreed,and no party may modify or terminate the contract on his own authority. 第八条依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义 务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同· Legally formed contracts are protected by law. 依法成立的合同，受法律保护。 PART TWO:FORMATION OF CONTRACTS 第二章合同的订立 Article 9:When concluding contracts,the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and for civil acts. 第九条当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力· 2
2 Article 4: Parties enjoy the legal right to voluntarily conclude contracts, and no work unit or individual may illegally intervene therein. 第四条当事人依法享有自愿订立合同的权利，任何单位和个人不得非法干预。 Article 5: The parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in determining the rights and obligations of the parties. 第五条当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务。 Article 6: The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. 第六条当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。 Article 7: When concluding and performing contracts, the parties shall comply with the laws and administrative regulations and respect public morals, and they may not disturb the social or economic order or harm the public interest. 第七条当事人订立、履行合同，应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德，不得扰乱社会 经济秩序，损害社会公共利益。 Article 8: Legally formed contracts are legally binding on the parties. The parties shall perform their respective obligations as agreed, and no party may modify or terminate the contract on his own authority. 第八条依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。当事人应当按照约定履行自己的义 务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。 Legally formed contracts are protected by law. 依法成立的合同，受法律保护。 PART TWO: FORMATION OF CONTRACTS 第二章合同的订立 Article 9: When concluding contracts, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and for civil acts. 第九条当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力
A party may legally entrust an agent to conclude the contract on his behalf. 当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。 Article 10:The parties may conclude their contract in writing,orally or in another form. 第十条当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。 If a law or administrative regulation stipulates that it be in writing,it shall be in writing.If the parties agree that it be in writing,it shall be in writing. 法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。当事人约定采用书面形式的， 应当采用书面形式。 Article 11:The term"in writing"refers to a form which is capable of tangibly representing its content,such as written instruments,letters and electrically or electronically transmitted documents (including telegrams,telexes,facsimiles,electronic data interchange and e-mail),etc. 第十一条书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换 和电子邮件)等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。 Article 12:The particulars of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties.In general,such particulars shall include the following terms: 第十二条合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款： (1)the names and domiciles of the parties; (一)当事人的名称或者姓名和住所； (2)the subject matter; (二)标的； (3)the quantities; (三)数量； (4)the quality; (四)质量： 3
3 A party may legally entrust an agent to conclude the contract on his behalf. 当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。 Article 10: The parties may conclude their contract in writing, orally or in another form. 第十条当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。 If a law or administrative regulation stipulates that it be in writing, it shall be in writing. If the parties agree that it be in writing, it shall be in writing. 法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。当事人约定采用书面形式的， 应当采用书面形式。 Article 11: The term “in writing” refers to a form which is capable of tangibly representing its content, such as written instruments, letters and electrically or electronically transmitted documents (including telegrams, telexes, facsimiles, electronic data interchange and e-mail), etc. 第十一条书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换 和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。 Article 12: The particulars of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties. In general, such particulars shall include the following terms: 第十二条合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款： (1) the names and domiciles of the parties; （一）当事人的名称或者姓名和住所； (2) the subject matter; （二）标的； (3) the quantities; （三）数量； (4) the quality; （四）质量；
(5)the price or remuneration; (五)价款或者报酬； (6)the time limit for,and place and method of,performance; (六)履行期限、地点和方式： (7)liability for breach of contract;and (七)违约责任； (8)the method of dispute resolution. (八)解决争议的方法。 In concluding a contract,the parties may refer to the model texts for various types of contract. 当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。 Article 13:The parties shall conclude their contract by the method of offer and acceptance. 第十三条当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式· Article 14:An offer is a party's declaration of his intent to conclude a contract with another party.The declaration shall comply with the following provisions: 第十四条要约是希笔和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定： (1)its content shall be specific and definite;and (一)内容具体确定； (2)it shall indicate that the offeror will be bound by it upon its acceptance by the offeree. (二)表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。 Article 15:An invitation to offer is a party's declaration of his intent to have another party make him an offer.Delivered price lists,auction announcements,announcements of an invitation to tender,share prospectuses,commercial advertisements,etc.are invitations to offer. 第十五条要约邀请是希笔他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招 标公告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请
4 (5) the price or remuneration; （五）价款或者报酬； (6) the time limit for, and place and method of, performance; （六）履行期限、地点和方式； (7) liability for breach of contract; and （七）违约责任； (8) the method of dispute resolution. （八）解决争议的方法。 In concluding a contract, the parties may refer to the model texts for various types of contract. 当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。 Article 13: The parties shall conclude their contract by the method of offer and acceptance. 第十三条当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。 Article 14: An offer is a party’s declaration of his intent to conclude a contract with another party. The declaration shall comply with the following provisions: 第十四条要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定： (1) its content shall be specific and definite; and （一）内容具体确定； (2) it shall indicate that the offeror will be bound by it upon its acceptance by the offeree. （二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。 Article 15: An invitation to offer is a party’s declaration of his intent to have another party make him an offer. Delivered price lists, auction announcements, announcements of an invitation to tender, share prospectuses, commercial advertisements, etc. are invitations to offer. 第十五条要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招 标公告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请
Commercial advertisements whose contents comply with the requirements for offers are deemed to be offers. 商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约· Article 16:An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. 第十六条要约到达受要约人时生效。 If a contract is concluded by using the electrically or electronically transmitted document method, and the addressee designates a specific system to receive the electrically or electronically transmitted document,the document is deemed to have reached the offeree when it enters the designated system.If no specific system is designated,the document is deemed to have reached the offeree at its first entry into any of the offeree's systems. 采用数据电文形式订立合同，收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，该数据电文进入该特 定系统的时间，视为到达时间；未指定特定系统的，该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的 首次时间，视为到达时间。 Article 17:An offer may be withdrawn.The notification of the withdrawal of the offer shall reach the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. 第十七条要约可以撤回·撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到 达受要约人。 Article 18:An offer may be revoked.The notice of revocation of the offer shall reach the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. 第十八条要约可以撤销。撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达受要约 人 Article 19:An offer may not be revoked if: 第十九条有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销： (1)the offeror has clearly indicated,whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable;or (一)要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销； (2)the offeree had reason to believe that the offer was irrevocable and has already made preparations to perform the contract (二)受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。 5
5 Commercial advertisements whose contents comply with the requirements for offers are deemed to be offers. 商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。 Article 16: An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. 第十六条要约到达受要约人时生效。 If a contract is concluded by using the electrically or electronically transmitted document method, and the addressee designates a specific system to receive the electrically or electronically transmitted document, the document is deemed to have reached the offeree when it enters the designated system. If no specific system is designated, the document is deemed to have reached the offeree at its first entry into any of the offeree’s systems. 采用数据电文形式订立合同，收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，该数据电文进入该特 定系统的时间，视为到达时间；未指定特定系统的，该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的 首次时间，视为到达时间。 Article 17: An offer may be withdrawn. The notification of the withdrawal of the offer shall reach the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. 第十七条要约可以撤回。撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到 达受要约人。 Article 18: An offer may be revoked. The notice of revocation of the offer shall reach the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. 第十八条要约可以撤销。撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达受要约 人。 Article 19: An offer may not be revoked if: 第十九条有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销： (1) the offeror has clearly indicated, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or （一）要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销； (2) the offeree had reason to believe that the offer was irrevocable and has already made preparations to perform the contract. （二）受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作
Article 20:An offer becomes void if: 第二十条有下列情形之一的，要约失效： (1)a rejection of the offer reaches the offeror; (一)拒绝要约的通知到达要约人； (2)the offeror lawfully revokes the offer: (二)要约人依法撤销要约： (3)the fixed time for acceptance expires without acceptance by the offeree;or (三)承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺； (4)the offeree materially alters the particulars of the offer. (四)受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。 Article 21:An acceptance is the offeree's declaration of his intent to assent to an offer 第二十一条承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。 Article 22:An acceptance shall be manifested by means of notification,unless usage of trade permits that acceptance be manifested by performing an act or the offer indicates that acceptance may be manifested by performing an act. 第二十二条承诺应当以通知的方式作出，但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出 承诺的除外。 Article 23:An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time fixed in the offer. 第二十三条承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人· If no time for acceptance is fixed in the offer,the acceptance shall reach the offeror by the time specified below: 要约没有确定承诺期限的，承诺应当依照下列规定到达： (1)if the offer is made to a person who is present,the acceptance shall be made promptly,unless otherwise agreed by the parties; 6
6 Article 20: An offer becomes void if: 第二十条有下列情形之一的，要约失效： (1) a rejection of the offer reaches the offeror; （一）拒绝要约的通知到达要约人； (2) the offeror lawfully revokes the offer; （二）要约人依法撤销要约； (3) the fixed time for acceptance expires without acceptance by the offeree; or （三）承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺； (4) the offeree materially alters the particulars of the offer. （四）受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。 Article 21: An acceptance is the offeree’s declaration of his intent to assent to an offer. 第二十一条承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。 Article 22: An acceptance shall be manifested by means of notification, unless usage of trade permits that acceptance be manifested by performing an act or the offer indicates that acceptance may be manifested by performing an act. 第二十二条承诺应当以通知的方式作出，但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出 承诺的除外。 Article 23: An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time fixed in the offer. 第二十三条承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人。 If no time for acceptance is fixed in the offer, the acceptance shall reach the offeror by the time specified below: 要约没有确定承诺期限的，承诺应当依照下列规定到达： (1) if the offer is made to a person who is present, the acceptance shall be made promptly, unless otherwise agreed by the parties;
(一)要约以对话方式作出的，应当即时作出承诺，但当事人另有约定的除外； (2)if the offer is made to a person who is not present,the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable period of time (二)要约以非对话方式作出的·承诺应当在合理期限内到达。 Article 24:If an offer is made by letter or telegram,the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram was handed in for dispatch.If there is no date shown on the letter,the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the date shown on the letter's postmark.If the offer is made by telephone,facsimile or other means of instantaneous communication,the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree. 第二十四条要约以信件或者电报作出的，承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开 始计算。信件未载明日期的，自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算。要约以电话、传真等快 速通讯方式作出的，承诺期那限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算。 Article 25:A contract is formed when the acceptance becomes effective. 第二十五条承诺生效时合同成立。 Article 26:An acceptance notice becomes effective when it reaches the offeror.If the acceptance does not require notification,it becomes effective at the moment of performance of the act indicating acceptance according to usage of trade or as required by the offer 第二十六条承诺通知到达要约人时生效。承诺不需要通知的，根据交易习惯或者要约的要 求作出承诺的行为时生效。 If a contract is concluded in the form of an electrically or electronically transmitted document, the time of arrival of the acceptance is governed by the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 16 of this Law. 采用数据电文形式订立合同的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。 Article 27:An acceptance may be withdrawn.The notification of the withdrawal of the acceptance shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the notification of acceptance. 第二十七条承诺可以撤回。撒回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通 知同时到达要约人· 7
7 （一）要约以对话方式作出的，应当即时作出承诺，但当事人另有约定的除外； (2) if the offer is made to a person who is not present, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable period of time. （二）要约以非对话方式作出的，承诺应当在合理期限内到达。 Article 24: If an offer is made by letter or telegram, the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram was handed in for dispatch. If there is no date shown on the letter, the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the date shown on the letter’s postmark. If the offer is made by telephone, facsimile or other means of instantaneous communication, the period of time for acceptance begins to run from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree. 第二十四条要约以信件或者电报作出的，承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交发之日开 始计算。信件未载明日期的，自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算。要约以电话、传真等快 速通讯方式作出的，承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算。 Article 25: A contract is formed when the acceptance becomes effective. 第二十五条承诺生效时合同成立。 Article 26: An acceptance notice becomes effective when it reaches the offeror. If the acceptance does not require notification, it becomes effective at the moment of performance of the act indicating acceptance according to usage of trade or as required by the offer. 第二十六条承诺通知到达要约人时生效。承诺不需要通知的，根据交易习惯或者要约的要 求作出承诺的行为时生效。 If a contract is concluded in the form of an electrically or electronically transmitted document, the time of arrival of the acceptance is governed by the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 16 of this Law. 采用数据电文形式订立合同的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。 Article 27: An acceptance may be withdrawn. The notification of the withdrawal of the acceptance shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the notification of acceptance. 第二十七条承诺可以撤回。撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通 知同时到达要约人
Article 28:If the offeree's acceptance is dispatched after the period of time fixed for acceptance, it constitutes a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that the acceptance is effective. 第二十八条受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的，除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的 以外，为新要约。 Article 29:If the offeree's acceptance is dispatched within the period of time fixed for acceptance and under normal circumstances would have reached the offeror in a timely manner, but,as a consequence of other factors,reaches the offeror after the period of time for acceptance, the acceptance is effective unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that he does not accept the acceptance due to its late arrival. 第二十九条受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人，但因其 他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不 接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效· Article 30:The particulars of the acceptance shall be consistent with the particulars of the offer If the offeree makes material modifications to the particulars of the offer,it constitutes a new offer.Modifications to the subject matter of the contract,quantities,quality,price or remuneration,time limit for performance,place or method of performance,liability for breach of contract or method of dispute resolution constitute material modifications to the particulars of the offer 第三十条承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致·受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的· 为新要约。有矣合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违 约责任和解决争议方法等的变更，是对要约内容的实质性变更。 Article 31:If the acceptance makes non-material modifications to the particulars of the offer,the acceptance is effective and the particulars of the contract are the particulars of the offer,unless the offeror expresses his objection to the modifications in a timely manner or the offer indicates that the acceptance may not make any modifications to the particulars. 第三十一条承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的，除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明 承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外，该承诺有效，合同的内容以承诺的内容为 准。 Article 32:If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a written instrument,the contract is formed when the parties sign or seal the instrument 第三十二条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立。 Article 33:If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a letter or an electrically or electronically transmitted document,etc.,they may require the execution of a letter of
8 Article 28: If the offeree’s acceptance is dispatched after the period of time fixed for acceptance, it constitutes a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that the acceptance is effective. 第二十八条受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的，除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的 以外，为新要约。 Article 29: If the offeree’s acceptance is dispatched within the period of time fixed for acceptance and under normal circumstances would have reached the offeror in a timely manner, but, as a consequence of other factors, reaches the offeror after the period of time for acceptance, the acceptance is effective unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that he does not accept the acceptance due to its late arrival. 第二十九条受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人，但因其 他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不 接受该承诺的以外，该承诺有效。 Article 30: The particulars of the acceptance shall be consistent with the particulars of the offer. If the offeree makes material modifications to the particulars of the offer, it constitutes a new offer. Modifications to the subject matter of the contract, quantities, quality, price or remuneration, time limit for performance, place or method of performance, liability for breach of contract or method of dispute resolution constitute material modifications to the particulars of the offer. 第三十条承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致。受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的， 为新要约。有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违 约责任和解决争议方法等的变更，是对要约内容的实质性变更。 Article 31: If the acceptance makes non-material modifications to the particulars of the offer, the acceptance is effective and the particulars of the contract are the particulars of the offer, unless the offeror expresses his objection to the modifications in a timely manner or the offer indicates that the acceptance may not make any modifications to the particulars. 第三十一条承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的，除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明 承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外，该承诺有效，合同的内容以承诺的内容为 准。 Article 32: If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a written instrument, the contract is formed when the parties sign or seal the instrument. 第三十二条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，自双方当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立。 Article 33: If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a letter or an electrically or electronically transmitted document, etc., they may require the execution of a letter of
confirmation before the contract is formed.in which case the contract is formed when the letter of confirmation is executed. 第三十三条当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求签订 确认书。签订确认书时合同成立· Article 34:The place where the acceptance becomes effective is the place of formation of the contract 第三十四条承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。 If the contract is concluded in the form of an electrically or electronically transmitted document, the principal place of business of the addressee is the place of formation of the contract;if the addressee does not have a principal place of business,his habitual residence is the place of formation of the contract.If the parties have agreed otherwise,their agreement shall govern 采用数据电文形式订立合同的，收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；没有主营业地的， 其经常居住地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。 Article 35:If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a written instrument,the place where the parties sign or seal it is the place of formation of the contract. 第三十五条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，双方当事人签字或者盖章的地点为合同成 立的地点 Article 36:If laws or administrative regulations stipulate or the parties have agreed that their contract be concluded in writing but the parties did not do so,a contract is nevertheless formed if one of the parties has already performed his main obligations and the other party accepts the performance. 第三十六条法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定采用书面形式订立合同·当事人未采用书 面形式但一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。 Article 37:If a contract is to be concluded in the form of a written instrument but one party has already performed his main obligations before the signing or sealing of that instrument,a contract is formed if the other party accepts the performance. 第三十七条采用合同书形式订立合同，在签字或者盖章之前，当事人一方已经履行主要义 务，对方接受的，该合同成立。 Article 38:When the State,in light of its requirements,imposes mandatory tasks or State procurement tasks,the contracts between the legal persons or other organizations concerned shall be concluded in accordance with the rights and obligations stipulated in the relevant laws and administrative regulations. 9
9 confirmation before the contract is formed, in which case the contract is formed when the letter of confirmation is executed. 第三十三条当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求签订 确认书。签订确认书时合同成立。 Article 34: The place where the acceptance becomes effective is the place of formation of the contract. 第三十四条承诺生效的地点为合同成立的地点。 If the contract is concluded in the form of an electrically or electronically transmitted document, the principal place of business of the addressee is the place of formation of the contract; if the addressee does not have a principal place of business, his habitual residence is the place of formation of the contract. If the parties have agreed otherwise, their agreement shall govern. 采用数据电文形式订立合同的，收件人的主营业地为合同成立的地点；没有主营业地的， 其经常居住地为合同成立的地点。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。 Article 35: If the parties conclude their contract in the form of a written instrument, the place where the parties sign or seal it is the place of formation of the contract. 第三十五条当事人采用合同书形式订立合同的，双方当事人签字或者盖章的地点为合同成 立的地点。 Article 36: If laws or administrative regulations stipulate or the parties have agreed that their contract be concluded in writing but the parties did not do so, a contract is nevertheless formed if one of the parties has already performed his main obligations and the other party accepts the performance. 第三十六条法律、行政法规规定或者当事人约定采用书面形式订立合同，当事人未采用书 面形式但一方已经履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立。 Article 37: If a contract is to be concluded in the form of a written instrument but one party has already performed his main obligations before the signing or sealing of that instrument, a contract is formed if the other party accepts the performance. 第三十七条采用合同书形式订立合同，在签字或者盖章之前，当事人一方已经履行主要义 务，对方接受的，该合同成立。 Article 38: When the State, in light of its requirements, imposes mandatory tasks or State procurement tasks, the contracts between the legal persons or other organizations concerned shall be concluded in accordance with the rights and obligations stipulated in the relevant laws and administrative regulations
第三十八条国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的，有矢法人·其他组织之间 应当依照有法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。 Article 39:When a contract is concluded using standard clauses,the party providing the standard clauses shall abide by the principle of fairness when determining the rights and obligations of the parties,and shall,in a reasonable manner,draw the attention of the other party to clauses which exempt or limit his liability and,if so requested by the other party,explain such clauses. 第三十九条采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人 之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对 方的要求，对该条款予以说明。 Standard clauses are clauses which a party formulated in advance for repeated use,and which he did not negotiate with the other party when concluding the contract. 格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。 Article 40:A standard clause is void if it involves any of the circumstances stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of this Law,or if it exempts the party providing it from liability,increases the liability of the other party or deprives the other party of a major right. 第四十条格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的，或者提供格式条款一方 免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效。 Article 41:If a dispute arises over the understanding of a standard clause,the clause shall be interpreted in accordance with the usual understanding of such a clause.If there are two or more interpretations of a standard clause,the clause shall be interpreted in a manner that does not favour the party that provided the said clause.If there is an inconsistency between a standard clause and a non-standard clause,the non-standard clause shall prevail. 第四十一条对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两 种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致 的，应当采用非格式条款· Article 42:A party which causes loss to the other party is liable for damages if during the course of concluding the contract he: 第四十二条当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害 赔偿责任： (1)negotiated in bad faith under the pretext of concluding a contract; 10
10 第三十八条国家根据需要下达指令性任务或者国家订货任务的，有关法人、其他组织之间 应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的权利和义务订立合同。 Article 39: When a contract is concluded using standard clauses, the party providing the standard clauses shall abide by the principle of fairness when determining the rights and obligations of the parties, and shall, in a reasonable manner, draw the attention of the other party to clauses which exempt or limit his liability and, if so requested by the other party, explain such clauses. 第三十九条采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公平原则确定当事人 之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的方式提请对方注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对 方的要求，对该条款予以说明。 Standard clauses are clauses which a party formulated in advance for repeated use, and which he did not negotiate with the other party when concluding the contract. 格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。 Article 40: A standard clause is void if it involves any of the circumstances stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of this Law, or if it exempts the party providing it from liability, increases the liability of the other party or deprives the other party of a major right. 第四十条格式条款具有本法第五十二条和第五十三条规定情形的，或者提供格式条款一方 免除其责任、加重对方责任、排除对方主要权利的，该条款无效。 Article 41: If a dispute arises over the understanding of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in accordance with the usual understanding of such a clause. If there are two or more interpretations of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in a manner that does not favour the party that provided the said clause. If there is an inconsistency between a standard clause and a non-standard clause, the non-standard clause shall prevail. 第四十一条对格式条款的理解发生争议的，应当按照通常理解予以解释。对格式条款有两 种以上解释的，应当作出不利于提供格式条款一方的解释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致 的，应当采用非格式条款。 Article 42: A party which causes loss to the other party is liable for damages if during the course of concluding the contract he: 第四十二条当事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形之一，给对方造成损失的，应当承担损害 赔偿责任： (1) negotiated in bad faith under the pretext of concluding a contract;