PRESENTATION LOAD EKE2EMIHUOMTOHD 《英语国家社会与文化入门》（2)美国部分 Unit 8 American Education
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（２）美国部分 Unit 8 American Education
I.Going to School in America Today 1.The Goal of Education教育的日的 It is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public..普及教育，并使每个人掌握必要的知识和技能。这不仅能提高人的福利，同时 也改善了公众的福利。 2.Public schools and private schools公立学校和私立学校 (1)Public Schools公立学校 A.About 85%of American students attend public schools supported by American taxpayers.美国大约有90%的学生在公立学校就读，学费由美国纳税人的钱支付。 B.Religious instruction is not given in public schools. 公立学校不提供宗教教育。 Page2
Page ▪ 2 I. Going to School in America Today 1. The Goal of Education 教育的目的 It is to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public.普及教育，并使每个人掌握必要的知识和技能。这不仅能提高人的福利，同时 也改善了公众的福利。 2. Public schools and private schools公立学校和私立学校 (1) Public Schools公立学校 A. About 85% of American students attend public schools supported by American taxpayers.美国大约有90%的学生在公立学校就读，学费由美国纳税人的钱支付。 B. Religious instruction is not given in public schools. 公立学校不提供宗教教育
1.Going to School in America Today (2).Private schools私立学校 A.The other 10%attend private schools,for which their families choose to pay special attendance..剩下的10学生在私立学校就读，学费由其家庭支付。 B.Religious teachings are a part of the curriculum in 80%private schools. 80%的私立学校提供宗教教育。 Page·3
Page ▪ 3 I. Going to School in America Today (2). Private schools私立学校 A. The other 10% attend private schools, for which their families choose to pay special attendance. 剩下的10%学生在私立学校就读，学费由其家庭支付。 B. Religious teachings are a part of the curriculum in 80% private schools. 80%的私立学校提供宗教教育
I.Going to School in America Today (3)The expenses:开支 A.The combined expenses of both education systemsexceed $190 billion a year. 公立学校与私立学校每年的总开支超过1900亿美元。B.Vhere public taxes are involved,. spending is guided and decided by boards ofeducation. 由于公立学校经费来自税收，学校董事会支配其开支C.Private schools that meet state standards use the fees they collectas they think best. 达到州教育标准的私立学校按照他们认为最好的方式使用所收的费用。 Page4
Page ▪ 4 I. Going to School in America Today (3) The expenses开支 A. The combined expenses of both education systems exceed $190 billion a year. 公立学校与私立学校每年的总开支超过1900亿美元。B. Where public taxes are involved, spending is guided and decided by boards of education. 由于公立学校经费来自税收，学校董事会支配其开支C. Private schools that meet state standards use the fees they collect as they think best. 达到州教育标准的私立学校按照他们认为最好的方式使用所收的费用
ll.Education-A Local Matter教育是各州的事物 1.The similarities各州教育法相同之处 (1)Each state has its own laws abouteducation. 美国各州都有自己的教育法。 (2)All states require young people to go to school. 各州教育法都要求儿童接受教育。 (3)Every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years ofeducation. 各个州教育法都保证每个美国儿童必须接受长达13年的教育。 Page·5
Page ▪ 5 II. Education ---A Local Matter教育是各州的事物 1. The similarities各州教育法相同之处 (1) Each state has its own laws about education. 美国各州都有自己的教育法。 (2) All states require young people to go to school. 各州教育法都要求儿童接受教育。 (3) Every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of education. 各个州教育法都保证每个美国儿童必须接受长达13年的教育
ll.Education--A Local Matter各州的教育法 2.The differences差异 (1)The age limits for childrento attend school vary from state to state:32 states require attendanceto age 16;8 to 18;etc. 各州要求儿童接受教育的年龄限制是不一样的，32个州要求接受教育必须达到16岁，8个 州要求达到18岁。 (2)Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material while others are not. 一些州在教材的选择上发挥重要的重要，另一些州则相反。 Page6
Page ▪ 6 II. Education ---A Local Matter各州的教育法 2. The differences差异 (1) The age limits for children to attend school vary from state to state: 32 states require attendance to age 16; 8 to 18; etc. 各州要求儿童接受教育的年龄限制是不一样的，32个州要求接受教育必须达到16岁，8个 州要求达到18岁。 (2) Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material while others are not. 一些州在教材的选择上发挥重要的重要，另一些州则相反
Ill.What an American Student Learns 美国学生各阶段教育 1.Elementary School (1)It usually means grades kindergarten(K)through 8 通常从学前班到8年级 (2)Although there is no national curriculum in the United States,almostevery elementary school provides instruction in math;languagearts;penmanship;science; socialstudies;music and physical education虽然美国没有统一的教学大纲，但几乎所有 的小学都提供以下课程：数学、语言艺术、书法、社会研究、音乐、体育等。 Page7
Page ▪ 7 III. What an American Student Learns 美国学生各阶段教育 1. Elementary School (1) It usually means grades kindergarten (K) through 8 通常从学前班到８年级 (2) Although there is no national curriculum in the United States, almost every elementary school provides instruction in math; language arts; penmanship; science; social studies; music and physical education 虽然美国没有统一的教学大纲，但几乎所有 的小学都提供以下课程：数学、语言艺术、书法、社会研究、音乐、体育等
Ill.What an American Student Learn 美国学生各阶段教育 2.Secondary School中学 (1).Generally grades 9-12,popularly called"high school" 中学通常指9年级到12年级。 (2).Most secondary schools offer the same"core"of required subjects:English, mathematics,science,social studies and physical education.大多数中学都提供相同的必 修课程：英语、数学、科学、社会研究以及体育。 Page·8
Page ▪ 8 III. What an American Student Learn 美国学生各阶段教育 2. Secondary School 中学 (1). Generally grades 9-12, popularly called “high school” 中学通常指９年级到12年级。 (2). Most secondary schools offer the same “core” of required subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.大多数中学都提供相同的必 修课程：英语、数学、科学、社会研究以及体育
IV.Education in a New Nation美国建国时期的教育 1.The influence of the Puritans清教的影响 (1)The steps A.In 1634,they open a"Latin grammar"school,a school for those who wanted to prepare for college. 1634年，清教徒为想要进入高等学校深造的人开设了第一所拉丁语语法学校。 B.ln1636,Harvard College was founded for the training of religious min isters1636年，哈佛大学成立， 最初目的是培养牧师的 C.In 1634 and 1638,the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good,which included the support of schools.(清教徒制定的法律规定，所有的财产都要上税，用 于支持公益项目，包括支持教育) D.In 1642 and 1647,the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their children.1642年和1647年，马萨诸塞州通过法规，要求所有家长为子女提供阅读教学 Page·9
Page ▪ 9 IV. Education in a New Nation美国建国时期的教育 1. The influence of the Puritans清教的影响 (1) The steps A. In 1634, they open a “Latin grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college. 1634年，清教徒为想要进入高等学校深造的人开设了第一所拉丁语语法学校。 B. In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers 1636年，哈佛大学成立， 最初目的是培养牧师的 C. In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of schools.(清教徒制定的法律规定，所有的财产都要上税，用 于支持公益项目，包括支持教育) D. In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading education for their children. 1642年和1647年，马萨诸塞州通过法规，要求所有家长为子女提供阅读教学
IV.Education in a New Nation 1.The influence of the Puritans (2)The significance意义 In less than 20 years,the Puritan introduced two practices thatstill influence American youth:compulsory education for all children;public taxation for schools 建国不到20年的时间里，清教徒引进了两项至今仍具有很大影响力的教育规则：义务教育和用 税收支持学校开支 2.The state and education各州与教育的关系 The 10th Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of each state to provide for the education of its people美国宪法第10条修正案规定：州政府有权管理教育 Page10
Page ▪ 10 IV. Education in a New Nation 1. The influence of the Puritans (2) The significance意义 In less than 20 years, the Puritan introduced two practices that still influence American youth: compulsory education for all children; public taxation for schools 建国不到20年的时间里，清教徒引进了两项至今仍具有很大影响力的教育规则：义务教育和用 税收支持学校开支 2. The state and education 各州与教育的关系 The 10th Amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of each state to provide for the education of its people 美国宪法第10条修正案规定：州政府有权管理教育