欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语））Case Study on European Union Law教学大纲兰花 编写Dr. LAN HuaLecturer, Faculty of International Law, CUPL
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语)） Case Study on European Union Law 教学大纲 兰花 编写 Dr. LAN Hua Lecturer, Faculty of International Law, CUPL
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语）目录前言22ChapterOneIntroductionI.General introductionof EuropeanCommunitiesII.the Law of theEuropean Union1II.Basic Institutions of EUIV.LisbonTreatyandEuropeanpolicies4Chapter Two IRAC---case analysis model.6L案例的基本结构（BasicStructureofCtOpinions-6II. Content of the case analysis....6IIl.Review and assess the case law....6IV.Writing the Case Brief.......ChapterThreePrincipleof directeffect:Constitutional AdministrativeAspectsofEULaw.*+..7SectionI.Principle of direct effect....1Case No.1Van Gend en Loos case:creation of direct effectprincipleI.Significance...II.Basic information of the case...7III. Holding...8IV.Analysis-- Principle of Direct Effect.8Section2LaterdevelopmentofprincipleofdirecteffectICaseNo.2Defrenne case:horizontal direct effectII. Case No.3Fratelli Variola Case: Regulations and Direct EffectCCIII.CaseNo.3FranzGradCase:DecisionsandDirectEffectIV. Related Legal Issues..ChapterFourPrinciple of Primacy:ConstitutionalAdministrativeAspectsof EULaw11Section 1 Principle of Primacy...11I Basic information.1111II. Holding...12II. Related Legal Issues...IV.ThePrincipleof Supremacy12Section2LaterdevelopmentofprincipleofPrimacy.12I CaseNo.2 Simmenthal case..II. Cassis de Dijon, Case 120/7812II.LaterdevelopmentofprincipleofPrimacy1214ChapterFivePrinciple of subsidiarity.I.Case No.1 UnitedKingdom v.Council of the European Unior14II. Case No.2Germany v.Parliament & Council.1414III. Principle of subsidiarity.IV.Related Legal Issues.14.16Chapter Six Principleof Proportionality.CaseNo.1DanishBottles Case.16I.Basic information of the case.16.17II. analysis of the case..17III Related Legal Issues.-
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语） 1 目 录 前 言.2 Chapter One Introduction.3 I. General introduction of European Communities .3 II. the Law of the European Union.3 III. Basic Institutions of EU .3 IV. Lisbon Treaty and European policies .4 Chapter Two IRAC-case analysis model.6 I.案例的基本结构（ Basic Structure of Ct Opinions ）.6 II. Content of the case analysis.6 III. Review and assess the case law.6 IV. Writing the Case Brief .6 Chapter Three Principle of direct effect ：Constitutional Administrative Aspects of EU Law .7 Section I. Principle of direct effect.7 Case No.1 Van Gend en Loos case : creation of direct effect principle .7 I. Significance.7 II. Basic information of the case .7 III. Holding.8 IV. Analysis- Principle of Direct Effect .8 Section 2 Later development of principle of direct effect .8 I. Case No.2 Defrenne case : horizontal direct effect.8 II. Case No.3 Fratelli Variola Case: Regulations and Direct Effect .9 III. Case No.3 Franz Grad Case: Decisions and Direct Effect.9 IV. Related Legal Issues .9 Chapter Four Principle of Primacy： Constitutional Administrative Aspects of EU Law. 11 Section 1 Principle of Primacy. 11 I. Basic information. 11 II. Holding. 11 III. Related Legal Issues.12 IV. The Principle of Supremacy .12 Section 2 Later development of principle of Primacy.12 I. Case No.2 Simmenthal case.12 II. Cassis de Dijon, Case 120/78 .12 III. Later development of principle of Primacy.12 Chapter Five Principle of subsidiarity.14 I．Case No. 1 United Kingdom v. Council of the European Union .14 II．Case No. 2 Germany v. Parliament & Council .14 III．Principle of subsidiarity.14 IV. Related Legal Issues .14 Chapter Six Principle of Proportionality.16 Case No.1 Danish Bottles Case.16 I. Basic information of the case.16 II. analysis of the case .17 III. Related Legal Issues.17
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲前言欧洲联盟法经典案例研究（CaseStudyonEuropeanUnionLaw）是法学本科阶段的选修课程，既是案例分析课，也是双语课程。本课程教学计划总计为36课时。本课程以欧洲一体化进程中的经典案例为主要教学内容，以共同体法律体系中的基本法律原则为轴心，选取涉及欧盟宪政、行政法、经济法和对外关系法等领域的经典案例，以欧洲法院做出的原始裁判为素材，研习欧洲法院的裁判、法律论证和推理，以及司法实践对欧洲一体化进程的影响。本课程采用中英文双语教学，学习材料为英文案例，通过讲授和讨论，以期达到以下几个方面的效果：1、通过学习欧洲联盟法的主要经典案例，使学生了解欧洲联盟的有关制度及其在实践中的演进，欧洲联盟法的基本内容、性质和特点；2、通过分析和研读欧洲法院处理的这些经典案例，使学生掌握相关法律原则，熟悉欧洲法院的司法独立及其对欧洲一体化进程的作用，了解欧洲法律传统；3、注重运用IRAC的分析和论证模式来分析欧盟法上的经典案例：侧重于法律问题的分析和推理，并进行相应练习，提升学生进行法律论证和分析的能力开拓学生的视野，提高对法律问题的探究能力；4、通过阅读欧洲联盟的主要经典案例原文，提高学生阅读和分析外文专业资料的能力，并初步掌握相关法律文书的写作技巧，为将来进一步学习和执业奠定一定基础。本教学大纲旨在列明本课程的主要知识点，由授课老师兰花编写。2
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲 2 前 言 欧洲联盟法经典案例研究（Case Study on European Union Law）是法学本科阶段的选修课程， 既是案例分析课，也是双语课程。本课程教学计划总计为 36 课时。 本课程以欧洲一体化进程中的经典案例为主要教学内容，以共同体法律体系中的基本法律原则 为轴心，选取涉及欧盟宪政、行政法、经济法和对外关系法等领域的经典案例，以欧洲法院做出的 原始裁判为素材，研习欧洲法院的裁判、法律论证和推理，以及司法实践对欧洲一体化进程的影响。 本课程采用中英文双语教学，学习材料为英文案例，通过讲授和讨论，以期达到以下几个方面 的效果： 1、通过学习欧洲联盟法的主要经典案例，使学生了解欧洲联盟的有关制度及其在实践中的演 进，欧洲联盟法的基本内容、性质和特点； 2、通过分析和研读欧洲法院处理的这些经典案例，使学生掌握相关法律原则，熟悉欧洲法院 的司法独立及其对欧洲一体化进程的作用，了解欧洲法律传统； 3、注重运用 IRAC 的分析和论证模式来分析欧盟法上的经典案例，侧重于法律问题的分析和 推理，并进行相应练习，提升学生进行法律论证和分析的能力开拓学生的视野，提高对法律问题的 探究能力； 4、通过阅读欧洲联盟的主要经典案例原文，提高学生阅读和分析外文专业资料的能力，并初 步掌握相关法律文书的写作技巧，为将来进一步学习和执业奠定一定基础。 本教学大纲旨在列明本课程的主要知识点，由授课老师兰花编写
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语）Chapter One Introduction本章教学目的和基本要求：本章的教学目的体现为两方面：1、为便利后续课程的展开，介绍欧洲共同体法/欧洲联盟法的基本概念和制度，欧盟的机构框架，欧洲法院的管辖权；2、介绍学习欧洲联盟法的主要参考文献、资料和网址。学时分配：6学时。I.General introductionofEuropeanCommunities1.Origins of the community:The economic and political origins2.Thecommunityand its LaterDevelopment(1) Early Years of the Community,(2)EnlargementoftheCommunity(3)Evolution from Community to Union-TreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCoal and SteelCommunity,ECSCTreaty·Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, EEC Treaty-TreatyestablishingtheEuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunity(Euratom)II.the Law oftheEuropeanUnion1.Basicfacts of EuropeanUnion:three"pillars"(l)EClawaswellaseconomicinstitutions andactivities(2)CommonForeign and Security Policy(3)Justice andHomeAffairs2.Missions oftheEuropeanUnion3. Legal basis of EU() Treaty of Rome,(2)the SEA1986,(3) EU Treaty 1992-- Treaty of Maastricht(4)Treaty ofAmsterdam1997;(5)NiceTreaty2001(6)Lisbon Treaty 20094. Sources of EU law(I) primary law--constitutional treaties of EC/EU;(2)secondary law of EC/EU;a. regulations,b.directivesc. decisions(3) judicial precedents;(4) general principles.III.Basic Institutions of EU1.Council ofthe EU3
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语） 3 Chapter One Introduction 本章教学目的和基本要求： 本章的教学目的体现为两方面：1、为便利后续课程的展开，介绍欧洲共同体法/欧洲联盟法的 基本概念和制度，欧盟的机构框架，欧洲法院的管辖权；2、介绍学习欧洲联盟法的主要参考文献、 资料和网址。 学时分配：6 学时。 I. General introduction of European Communities 1. Origins of the community: The economic and political origins 2. The community and its Later Development (1) Early Years of the Community; (2) Enlargement of the Community: (3) Evolution from Community to Union •Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, ECSC Treaty •Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, EEC Treaty •Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) II. the Law of the European Union 1. Basic facts of European Union: three "pillars" (1) EC law as well as economic institutions and activities (2) Common Foreign and Security Policy (3) Justice and Home Affairs 2. Missions of the European Union 3. Legal basis of EU (1) Treaty of Rome, (2) the SEA 1986, (3) EU Treaty 1992- Treaty of Maastricht (4) Treaty of Amsterdam1997; (5) Nice Treaty 2001’ (6) Lisbon Treaty 2009 4. Sources of EU law (1) primary law-constitutional treaties of EC/EU; (2) secondary law of EC/EU; a. regulations, b. directives c. decisions (3) judicial precedents; (4) general principles. III. Basic Institutions of EU 1.Council of the EU
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲(1) Function(2) Responsibilities -----coordinates the activities of the Member States---- defining and implementing the common foreign and security policy2.European Commission(1) Function-initiator of proposals for legislation,·guardian of the Treaties,.manager and executor of EU policies and of international trade relations..(2) Responsibilities3.European Parliament(l) Function---Legislative power:Budgetary powersSupervision of the executive(2) Responsibilities4. The judicial system of EU(1)CompositionCourt of JusticeCourt of First Instance(2) Purpose(3) Jurisdiction5.TheHighRepresentativeof the UnionforForeignAffairs and SecurityPolicy6.TheotherinstitutionsandbodiesoftheUnionIV. Lisbon Treaty and European policies1.Decision-making process·The decision-making process under the second pillar-The decision-making process under the third pillar-Procedure for the adoption of international agreements?CooperationbetweentheEuropeanParliamentandtheEuropeanCommission·Theaccessionprocessfor a newMemberState2. European policies?Area of freedom, security and justice-Common Foreign and Security Policy-Common Security and Defence Policy-Economic and monetary policySocial policy·Energy-European Research Area and European Space Policy-Services of general interestThe new supporting competences ofthe EUEnd ofChapter AssessmentQuestion(1)What are the“European Community"and the“European Union"?4
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲 4 (1) Function (2) Responsibilities -coordinates the activities of the Member States - defining and implementing the common foreign and security policy 2.European Commission (1) Function- initiator of proposals for legislation; guardian of the Treaties; manager and executor of EU policies and of international trade relations. (2) Responsibilities 3.European Parliament (1) Function- Legislative power: Budgetary powers Supervision of the executive (2) Responsibilities 4. The judicial system of EU (1) Composition Court of Justice Court of First Instance (2) Purpose (3) Jurisdiction 5. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 6.The other institutions and bodies of the Union IV. Lisbon Treaty and European policies 1. Decision-making process •The decision-making process under the second pillar •The decision-making process under the third pillar •Procedure for the adoption of international agreements •Cooperation between the European Parliament and the European Commission •The accession process for a new Member State 2. European policies •Area of freedom, security and justice •Common Foreign and Security Policy •Common Security and Defence Policy •Economic and monetary policy •Social policy •Energy •European Research Area and European Space Policy •Services of general interest •The new supporting competences of the EU End of Chapter Assessment Question (1) What are the “European Community” and the “European Union”?
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语）(2)WhataresourcesofEU law?Further Reading:1. Paul Graig & Grainne de Burca eds., The Evolution of EU Law, 2nd Edition, Oxford UniversityPress, 2011;2.Jo Shaw, Law oftheEuropean Union, 3rd ed.,Palgrave,2000,3.T.C.Hartley,TheFoundations of European CommunityLaw, 5th ed.Oxford,2003.4. Paul Graig & Grainne de Burca, EU Law-Text, Cases and Materials, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1998,5. S.Weatherill, Cases and Materials on EC Law, 5th ed., Blackstone, London, 20006.里查德·欧文著：欧盟法基础（影印版），武汉大学出版社2004；7.曾令良著《欧洲联盟法总论》，武汉大学出版社2007年版；Keywebsites:1.EUofficial homepage-http:/leuropa.eu.int2.www.europa.eu.int/celex3.http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/index.html5
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语） 5 (2) What are sources of EU law? Further Reading: 1. Paul Graig & Grainne de Burca eds., The Evolution of EU Law, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2011; 2. Jo Shaw, Law of the European Union, 3rd ed., Palgrave, 2000; 3. T.C. Hartley, The Foundations of European Community Law, 5th ed. Oxford, 2003. 4. Paul Graig & Grainne de Burca, EU Law – Text, Cases and Materials, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1998; 5. S. Weatherill, Cases and Materials on EC Law, 5th ed., Blackstone, London, 2000; 6. 里查德•欧文 著: 欧盟法基础(影印版) ,武汉大学出版社 2004; 7. 曾令良著《欧洲联盟法总论》, 武汉大学出版社 2007 年版； Key websites: 1. EU official homepage – http://europa.eu.int 2. www.europa.eu.int/celex 3. http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/index.html
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲Chapter TwoIRAC---case analysis model本章教学目的和基本要求：本章旨在介绍西方的案例研习方法，包括案例摘要的写作和分析。学时分配：2学时I.案例的基本结构（BasicStructureofCtOpinions）判例的名称或抬头（CaseNameorCaption）1、2、案例编号（CaseNumberorCitation）判例总结（summaryorSyllabus）3、4、分类标题及法律摘要（keywords/TopicsandHeadnotes）5、钥匙序号和定位数字（KeyNumberandLocationNumber）6、当事方（代理律师）（Parties，includingNamesoftheAttorneyswhoRepresentedtheParties）7、法庭判决意见（TheOpinion）II.Content of the case analysis1. background2.facts3.issues4. relevant rules5. holding6.reasoning7.significance/reviewIII.Reviewand assess the case law1.Weighing the cases2.Analyzing the cases3.Reading cases critically4.Close reading techniquesIV.Writing the Case BriefFurther Reading:1.RichardK.Neumann,Legal Reasoning and Legal Writing:Structure, Strategy,and Style,FourthEdition,AspenPublishers; 4edition,March 2001.2.ThomasR.Haggard,LegalDrafting(法律写作)，法律出版社影印版2004。6
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲 6 Chapter Two IRAC-case analysis model 本章教学目的和基本要求： 本章旨在介绍西方的案例研习方法，包括案例摘要的写作和分析。 学时分配：2 学时 I.案例的基本结构（ Basic Structure of Ct Opinions ） 1、 判例的名称或抬头（Case Name or Caption） 2、 案例编号（Case Number or Citation） 3、 判例总结（ summary or Syllabus ） 4、 分类标题及法律摘要（key words /Topics and Headnotes） 5、 钥匙序号和定位数字（Key Number and Location Number） 6、 当事方(代理律师)（Parties ,including Names of the Attorneys who Represented the Parties） 7、 法庭判决意见（The Opinion ) II. Content of the case analysis 1. background 2.facts 3.issues 4. relevant rules 5. holding 6.reasoning 7.significance/ review III. Review and assess the case law 1.Weighing the cases 2.Analyzing the cases 3.Reading cases critically 4.Close reading techniques IV. Writing the Case Brief Further Reading: 1. Richard K. Neumann,Legal Reasoning and Legal Writing: Structure, Strategy, and Style, Fourth Edition, Aspen Publishers; 4 edition ,March 2001. 2. Thomas R. Haggard, Legal Drafting(法律写作)，法律出版社影印版 2004
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语）ChapterThreePrinciple of directeffect : ConstitutionalAdministrativeAspects ofEULaw本章教学目的和基本要求：本章在介绍欧洲联盟法的宪法与行政方面的基本法律框架，尤其是介绍确立欧盟法与成员国法关系的一项基本原则一一直接效力原则。这是欧洲法院通过行使预先裁决权，通过案例实践创设的新规则，后来通过后续的欧洲一体化实践，被引入了欧盟的基础条约。本章从VanGendenLoos案这个经典案例着手，使学生了解和掌握直接效力原则，本案中，欧洲法院运用不同于一般国际法领域的《条约法公约》所确立的法律解释规则进行条约解释，论述了欧洲共同体构成一种新的法律秩序。本案对于欧共体/欧盟的内部市场建设也具有至关重要的作用。通过学习本案，可以掌握欧共体与成员国的权力划分以及欧共体法律的直接效力原则（directeffect）。本章还通过后续的FratelliVariola和CaseDefrennecase等案例，了解直接效力规则的后续发展。学时分配：8学时Section I. Principle of direct effectCaseNo.1Van GendenLooscase:creationofdirecteffectprincipleI.Significancea great milestone in European law.a ground-breaking judgmentthepossibility ofdirect enforceability of treaty provisions by individual applicants'a new legal order' ---a key feature of Community phraseologyII. Basic information of the case1. the basic facts:(1) the parties :Applicant: Van Gend en Loos , a Dutch companyDefendant: Nederlandes Administratie der BelastingenNetherlandsInlandRevenueAdministration税务局(2) Source:Case 26/62, [1963]ECR 12.QuestionsreferredtotheCourtofJustice(a)whether the Art.12 of EEC had an internal effect ... in other words, whether an individual mayinvokeArticle12ofEECbeforea nationalcourtortribunal,(b)whetherreclassifying urea formaldehyde as the Netherlands had done constituted a violation ofArticle 12.3.Articles related:Art. 12 (now Art. 25) of the EC TreatyArticle234(ex177)THEECTREATY4.Procedure7
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语） 7 Chapter Three Principle of direct effect ：Constitutional Administrative Aspects of EU Law 本章教学目的和基本要求： 本章旨在介绍欧洲联盟法的宪法与行政方面的基本法律框架，尤其是介绍确立欧盟法与成员国 法关系的一项基本原则——直接效力原则。这是欧洲法院通过行使预先裁决权，通过案例实践创设 的新规则，后来通过后续的欧洲一体化实践，被引入了欧盟的基础条约。本章从 Van Gend en Loos 案这个经典案例着手，使学生了解和掌握直接效力原则，本案中，欧洲法院运用不同于一般国际法 领域的《条约法公约》所确立的法律解释规则进行条约解释，论述了欧洲共同体构成一种新的法律 秩序。本案对于欧共体/欧盟的内部市场建设也具有至关重要的作用。通过学习本案，可以掌握欧 共体与成员国的权力划分以及欧共体法律的直接效力原则（direct effect）。本章还通过后续的 Fratelli Variola 和 Case Defrenne case 等案例，了解直接效力规则的后续发展。 学时分配：8 学时 Section I. Principle of direct effect Case No.1 Van Gend en Loos case : creation of direct effect principle I. Significance a great milestone in European law. a ground-breaking judgment the possibility of direct enforceability of treaty provisions by individual applicants. `a new legal order' - a key feature of Community phraseology II. Basic information of the case 1. the basic facts: （1）the parties : Applicant: Van Gend en Loos , a Dutch company Defendant: Nederlandes Administratie der Belastingen Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration 税务局 (2) Source : Case 26/62, [1963] ECR 1 2. Questions referred to the Court of Justice: (a) whether the Art.12 of EEC had an internal effect . in other words, whether an individual may invoke Article 12 of EEC before a national court or tribunal , (b) whether reclassifying urea formaldehyde as the Netherlands had done constituted a violation of Article 12. 3. Articles related: Art. 12 (now Art. 25) of the EC Treaty Article 234 (ex 177) THE EC TREATY 4.Procedure
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲PreliminaryrulingJurisdictionof theCourt-Foundation-Interpretationof theTreatyIII. Holdingthe judgment of ECJ (key findings)(1)thecommunityconstitutesanewlegal order of international lawforthebenefitof whichthestates have limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprisenot only Member States but also their nationals. Community law therefore not only imposes obligationson individuals but is also intended to confer upon them rights which become part of their legal heritage.Theserights arisenot onlywhere they are expressly grantedbytheTreaty,but alsoby reason ofobligations which the Treaty imposes in a clearly defined way upon individuals as well as upon MemberStates and upon the institutions of the Community,(2) according to the spirit, the general scheme and the wording of the Treaty, Article 12 must beinterpreted as producing direct effects and creating individual rights which national courts must protect...IV.Analysis--Principle of Direct Effect1.conditionsTheECJ concludes in this case a fundamental principle:that ofthedirect effect of Community lawDirect Effectmeans thattheEU lawhastobetaken tobethe law of the member states.(i) the provision must be clear and unambiguous;(i) it must be unconditional;(ii) it must be intended to be operational in member states without further implementation2.“直接效力"的含义欧共体基本条约的某些条文和欧共体的立法，就赋予个人以权利和在某些情况下课加义务而言，可以在成员国产生直接的效力，即：直接由国内法院执行。Section 2Later development of principle of direct effect"Direct effect"of a provision of EC lawwas firstdeveloped as the right of an individual toenforcerights that derivefrom the ECTreatybefore its national court although thetreatywas not intended tograntrights to individuals.The purpose of this doctrine was to ensure effectiveness of Community law.Sincethevan Gend en LoosJudgment, the case-law of the European Court of Justice on directeffect has developed greatly.Later, the doctrine of direct effect was applied in not only the treatyprovisions but also other forms of Community legislation, such as regulations and decisionsI.CaseNo.2Defrennecase:horizontaldirecteffectCase43/75,Defrennev.Sabena,1976E.C.R.455Facts:Holding:Reasoning:Analysis:8
国际法学院专业课程教学大纲 8 Preliminary ruling — Jurisdiction of the Court — Foundation — Interpretation of the Treaty III. Holding the judgment of ECJ (key findings) (1) the community constitutes a `new legal order' of international law for the benefit of which the states have limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States but also their nationals. Community law therefore not only imposes obligations on individuals but is also intended to confer upon them rights which become part of their legal heritage. These rights arise not only where they are expressly granted by the Treaty, but also by reason of obligations which the Treaty imposes in a clearly defined way upon individuals as well as upon Member States and upon the institutions of the Community, (2) according to the spirit, the general scheme and the wording of the Treaty, Article 12 must be interpreted as producing direct effects and creating individual rights which national courts must protect. IV. Analysis- Principle of Direct Effect 1. conditions The ECJ concludes in this case a fundamental principle: that of the direct effect of Community law. Direct Effect means that the EU law has to be taken to be the law of the member states. (i) the provision must be clear and unambiguous; (ii) it must be unconditional; (iii) it must be intended to be operational in member states without further implementation. 2. “直接效力”的含义 欧共体基本条约的某些条文和欧共体的立法，就赋予个人以权利和在某些情况下课加义务而 言，可以在成员国产生直接的效力，即：直接由国内法院执行。 Section 2 Later development of principle of direct effect "Direct effect" of a provision of EC law was first developed as the right of an individual to enforce rights that derive from the EC Treaty before its national court although the treaty was not intended to grant rights to individuals. The purpose of this doctrine was to ensure effectiveness of Community law. Since the”van Gend en Loos” Judgment, the case-law of the European Court of Justice on direct effect has developed greatly. Later, the doctrine of direct effect was applied in not only the treaty provisions but also other forms of Community legislation, such as regulations and decisions I. Case No.2 Defrenne case : horizontal direct effect Case 43/75, Defrenne v. Sabena, 1976 E.C.R. 455. Facts: Holding: Reasoning: Analysis:
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语）II. Case No.3FratelliVariolaCase:RegulationsandDirectEffectFacts:Holding:Reasoning:Analysis:III. Case No.3 Franz Grad Case: Decisions and Direct EffectFacts:Holding:Reasoning:Analysis:IV. Related Legal Issues1.statusofCommunitylaw/EUlawa newlegal orderand has special status comparedwithgeneral international lawdifferent from general international law because of the subjects and implementation.a self-contained legal system.2. interpretation of the treatydifferent method of treaty interpretation.a teleological interpretation of theTreaty3.SUMMARYOFDIRECTEFFECT-- Not just vertical effect, but horizontal--Treaty creates rights for individuals and corporations and OBLIGATIONS for other PRIVATEparties--directives may have direct effect if conditions are meetedEndofChapterAssessmentQuestion1.Whatforms of Communitylawcanbegivendirecteffect?2.Whyis theprincipleof direct effect soimportant?3.What is thedifferencebetween direct effect anddirect applicability?4.According to the European Court of Justice Community law can only be directly effective ifcertain criteria are fulflled. Describe these criteria.5.When discussing direct effect it is important to consider what kind of Community law is involvedand which parties are involved. When individuals or private companies are using Community law againsta Member State we talk of vertical direct effect. When individuals or private companies are usingCommunitylawagainst otherindividualsor privatecompanieswetalk of horizontal direct effect.Whatkind of direct effect was at hand in thevan Gend en Loos case?9
欧洲联盟法经典案例课程（双语） 9 II. Case No.3 Fratelli Variola Case: Regulations and Direct Effect Facts: Holding: Reasoning: Analysis: III. Case No.3 Franz Grad Case: Decisions and Direct Effect Facts: Holding: Reasoning: Analysis: IV. Related Legal Issues 1. status of Community law/EU law a new legal order and has special status compared with general international law. different from general international law because of the subjects and implementation. a self-contained legal system. 2. interpretation of the treaty different method of treaty interpretation. a teleological interpretation of the Treaty 3. SUMMARY OF DIRECT EFFECT - Not just vertical effect, but horizontal -Treaty creates rights for individuals and corporations and OBLIGATIONS for other PRIVATE parties -directives may have direct effect if conditions are meeted. End of Chapter Assessment Question 1. What forms of Community law can be given direct effect? 2. Why is the principle of direct effect so important? 3. What is the difference between direct effect and direct applicability? 4. According to the European Court of Justice Community law can only be directly effective if certain criteria are fulfilled. Describe these criteria. 5. When discussing direct effect it is important to consider what kind of Community law is involved and which parties are involved. When individuals or private companies are using Community law against a Member State we talk of vertical direct effect. When individuals or private companies are using Community law against other individuals or private companies we talk of horizontal direct effect.What kind of direct effect was at hand in the van Gend en Loos case?