SOCIAL CHANGE AND ● MARRIAGE
SOCIAL CHANGE AND MARRIAGE
OUTLINE o Two features of China's marriage market o Marriage squeeze o Divorce and remarriage
OUTLINE Two features of China’s marriage market Marriage Squeeze Divorce and remarriage
TWO FEATURES OF CHINAS MARRIAGE MARKET
TWO FEATURES OF CHINA’S MARRIAGE MARKET
POSTPONING MARRIAGE
POSTPONING MARRIAGE
AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE FOR FEMALE Age at 1st marriage(women) Less than 21.2282 口21.2282-245445 口245445-281573 口28.1573-332695 口 No data
AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE FOR FEMALE
AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE Female Male Female Male China(2000) 23.3 25.1 U.S.(2011) 26.9 28.9 Hong Kong(2011) 28.9 31.2 Germany(2008) 30.0 33.0 Philippines(2011) 25.3 28.0 Denmark(2008) 32.4 34.8 India(2011) 22.2 26.0 Finland (2008) 30.2 32.5 Japan(2010) 28.8 30.5 Italy(2007) 29.7 32.8 Singapore(2010) 28.5 30.0 Russia(2004) 23.3 26.1 South Korea(2012) 29.4 32.1 Turkey(2011) 23.4 26.7 The difference in age at first marriage by genders about4 years, while in India the difference is a bit larger, about 4years
AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE Female Male Female Male China (2000) 23.3 25.1 U.S. (2011) 26.9 28.9 Hong Kong (2011) 28.9 31.2 Germany (2008) 30.0 33.0 Philippines(2011) 25.3 28.0 Denmark (2008) 32.4 34.8 India (2011) 22.2 26.0 Finland (2008) 30.2 32.5 Japan (2010) 28.8 30.5 Italy (2007) 29.7 32.8 Singapore (2010) 28.5 30.0 Russia (2004) 23.3 26.1 South Korea (2012) 29.4 32.1 Turkey (2011) 23.4 26.7 The difference in age at first marriage by gender is about 2-3 years, while in India the difference is a bit larger, about 4years
LEGAL AGE AT MARRIAGE BY COUNTRIES o Japan: 20; 18 for males and 16 for females with parental consent o Finland, Denmark: 18 without parental consent: 16 with parental consent o United States: differ by states Most states: 18 ° Nebraska state:19 Mississippi state: 21 o Bangladesh, India: female 18, male 21
LEGAL AGE AT MARRIAGE BY COUNTRIES Japan: 20; 18 for males and 16 for females with parental consent Finland, Denmark: 18 without parental consent; 16 with parental consent United States: differ by states Most states: 18 Nebraska State: 19 Mississippi State: 21 Bangladesh, India: female 18, male 21
LEGAL AGE AT MARRIAGE IN CHINA 15 male, 13 female(tang, Song dynasty) 16 male, 14 female(Ming, Qing dynasty) 18 male, 16 female(Republic of China) (1912-1949) 20 male, 18 female(1950 marriage Law) 25 male, 23 female(1971 Later longer Fewer) 22 male, 20 female(1980 marriage Law) Different requirements for minorities: Minorities in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet: male 20 female 18
LEGAL AGE AT MARRIAGE IN CHINA 15 male, 13 female (Tang, Song Dynasty) 16 male, 14 female (Ming, Qing Dynasty) 18 male, 16 female (Republic of China) (1912-1949) 20 male, 18 female (1950 marriage Law) 25 male, 23 female (1971 Later Longer Fewer) 22 male, 20 female (1980 marriage Law) Different requirements for minorities: Minorities in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet: male 20, female 18
MARRIAGE LAW IN 1950 o Prohibited arranged and forced marriage o Abolish polygamy and little daughter-in law” marriage o The couple can carry their own family name after marriage o The couple can get divorced based on their own decision o Husband cannot divorce his wife if she is pregnant or in lactation
MARRIAGE LAW IN 1950 Prohibited arranged and forced marriage Abolish polygamy and “little daughter-inlaw” marriage The couple can carry their own family name after marriage The couple can get divorced based on their own decision Husband cannot divorce his wife if she is pregnant or in lactation Back
MEAN FEMALE AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE AND MEAN LENGTH OF FIRST BIRTH INTERVAL. CHINA. 1970-1985 24 First birth interval (right scale)20 Age at marriage (left scale) 18 19 Why the first birth intervalhas shortened 16 considerably since 1970? Late marriage caused by later longer and fewer policy More prevalent premarital sexual activity,I l970 1972 1974 l976 1978 1980 1982 1984
MEAN FEMALE AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE AND MEAN LENGTH OF FIRST BIRTH INTERVAL, CHINA, 1970-1985 Why the first birth interval has shortened considerably since 1970? ➢ Late marriage caused by later longer and fewer policy ➢ More prevalent premarital sexual activity
