动力设备操作 OPERATING OF POWER EQUIPMENT 主编王永坚 Chief Editor WANG Yongjian 副主编黄加亮 Associate Editor HUANG Jialiang 主审杨国豪蔡振雄陈景锋 Chief Revisers YANG Guohao CAI Zhenxiong CHEN Jingfeng 大连海事大学出版社 DALIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY PRESS
王永坚2008TMEUOMNOTOITAMEO图书在版编目（CIP）数据动力设备操作／王永坚主编，一大连：大连海事大学出版社，2008.7ISBN 978-7-5632-2194-3就Ⅲ船舶一动力装置一操作一高等学校一教材IV.U664.1I.王I.动gm中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2008）第103024号9DVY9ei）大连海事大学出版社出版5电话：0411-84728394传真：0411-84727996地址：大连市凌海路1号邮政编码：116026E-mail;cbs@dmupress.comhttp://www.dmupress.com大连海事大学出版社发行大连力佳印务有限公司印装2008年7月第1次印刷2008年7月第1版印张：9幅面尺寸：185mm×260mm印数：1~2000册字数：222千封面设计：王艳责任编辑：李雪芳ISBN978-7-5632-2194-3定价：15.00元
内容提要本书是按照集美学航海类轮机工程专业教学大纲和中华人民共和国海事局2006年最新颁布的《海船船员适任证书考试大纲》的要求编写的。全书依托集美大学轮机工程学院自动化机舱已有的设备，内容涵盖了评估大纲所要求设备的所有操作训练，系统地介绍了各种船舶动力设备的操作训练及其管理时的注意事项全书共分13个操作训练项目，每个项目均采用中英文对照的方式进行编写，其内容包括：船舶推进装置的操作与几遥控系统的操作与管理、船舶动力系统的操作与管理、柴油发电机的操作与管理、-白能机的操作与管理、船舶辅锅炉的操作与管理、分油机的操作与管理、船舶油水分离器的操作作与管理、船舶空压机的操作与管理、船舶制冷装置的操作与管理、集中式空调装置的操作与管理、造水机的操作与管理、泵系的操作与管理。本书主要作为高等航海类院校轮机工程专业本、专科生的教材，也可用于各类轮机培训班的实习与训练，还可供船舶轮机管理人员及其他有关技术人员参考
ABSTRACTThis book is compiled in according with marine engineering professional teaching syllabusand the requirements of"Test for Competency and Assessment Syllabus for Seafarers" stipulatedbyMarineSafetyAdministration ofPeopleRepublic of China.Thisbook is onthebaseof theexisting devices in the automatic room of marine engineering institute, its contents contain all theoperational training for devices which are required by the evaluating syllabus, what is more, thisbook systematically relates the operational training about eachkind of ship's device and theirmanaging attentive items whilerunning and stopping.There are twelve operational training items in this book, each item is compiled in the mode ofChinese language then its English translation, its main contents are: The operations andmanagementsof ship'spropulsionunit、Theoperations andmanagementsofmainengineremotecontrol system、The operations and managements of ship's main engine service systems、Theoperations and managements of diesel generator、The operations and managements of steeringgear、The operations and managements of auxiliary boiler、The operations and managements ofpurifier、The operations and managements of ship's oil-water separator、The operations andmanagements of ship's air compressor、The operations and managements of shipping refrigerationequipment、The operations and managements of centralized air conditioning system、Theoperations and managements of fresh water generator、The operations and managements of pumpsystemThis book is mainly used as the textbook for marine engineering professional students incolleges and universities. It can be used in the various marine engineering training classes asteaching materials. At the same time, marine engineering officers and the concerned technicianscanitasareferencebookintheirwork
ABSTRACT This book is compiled in according with marine engineering professional teaching syllabus and the requirements of “Test for Competency and Assessment Syllabus for Seafarers” stipulated by Marine Safety Administration of People Republic of China. This book is on the base of the existing devices in the automatic room of marine engineering institute, its contents contain all the operational training for devices which are required by the evaluating syllabus, what is more, this book systematically relates the operational training about each kind of ship’s device and their managing attentive items while running and stopping. There are twelve operational training items in this book, each item is compiled in the mode of Chinese language then its English translation, its main contents are: The operations and managements of ship’s propulsion unit、The operations and managements of main engine remote control system、The operations and managements of ship’s main engine service systems、The operations and managements of diesel generator、The operations and managements of steering gear、The operations and managements of auxiliary boiler、The operations and managements of purifier、The operations and managements of ship’s oil-water separator、The operations and managements of ship’s air compressor、The operations and managements of shipping refrigeration equipment、The operations and managements of centralized air conditioning system、The operations and managements of fresh water generator、The operations and managements of pump system. This book is mainly used as the textbook for marine engineering professional students in colleges and universities. It can be used in the various marine engineering training classes as teaching materials. At the same time, marine engineering officers and the concerned technicians can it as a reference book in their work
前言《动力设备操作》一书是根据轮机工程专业本科教学大纲要求编写的。轮机工程专业是一个实践性很强的专业，本专业的培养目标是将学生培养成应用型的人才。动力设备操作不仅能够有效地培养学生实践动手能力，而且通过各种设备的操作训练，在实践过程中培养学生分析问题解决问题的能力。另一方面，《动力设备操作》一书也是为了满足STCW78/95公约对海员培训提出的要求，并根据国家海事局颁布的《海船船员适任考试和评估大纲》和《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试、评估和发证规则》有关“申请轮机部船员适任证书评估项目”的要求，基于轮机工程学院自动化机舱已有设备的实际情况组织编写而成。本书采用中英对照的方式进行组织编写，内容含盖了评估大纲所要求的所有设备的操作训练，较系统地介绍各种船舶动力设备的操作训练及其管理时的注意事项。本书的主要内容包括：船舶推进装置的操作与管理、主机遥控系统的操作与管理、船舶动力系统的操作与管理、柴油发电机的操作与管理、船舶能机的操作与管理、船舶辅锅炉的操作与管理、分油机的操作与管理、船舶油水分离器的操作与管理、船舶空压机的操作与管理、船舶制冷装置的操作与管理、集中式空调装置的操作与管理、造水机的操作与管理、泵系的操作与管理。本书的编写注重实践性和适用性的统一、正确操作训练与动手能力培养的统一，分析问题与解决问题的统一。更为重要的是，本书采用中英文对照的方式进行编写能让学生在平时的操作训练过程中，不断提高自身专业英语听、说、读、写的能力。为学生今后的工作打下坚实的基础。本书主要作为高等航海类院校轮机工程专业本、专科生的教材，可用于各类轮机培训班的实习与训练，也可供船舶轮机管理人员及其他有关技术人员参考。全书由具有丰富实践经验，长期从事远洋船舶轮机管理工作高级轮机长王永坚（硕士研究生）采用中英文对照的方式进行编写，黄加亮副教授参与部分章节的编写，轮机工程学院的硕士研究生姜传立也参与部分章节英文部分的编写工作。在编写本书的过程中，参考了许多有关文献及资料，并紧密结合自动化机舱的实际情况进行编写。在编写时，得到了集美大学轮机工程学院领导和自动化机舱同事们的大力支持同时也要特别感谢范志贤副教授的无私帮助。杨国豪教授、蔡振雄教授和陈景锋副教授担任本书的主审，他们认真地审阅了本书中的各章节，提出了许多宝贵的意见。在出版的过程中，得到了大连海事大学出版社的大力支持。在此，一并表示衷心感谢。由于编者的水平有限，书中缺点和不妥之处在所难免，愿请各位读者不各指正。编者2008年3月
前 言 《动力设备操作》一书是根据轮机工程专业本科教学大纲要求编写的。轮机工程专业是 一个实践性很强的专业，本专业的培养目标是将学生培养成应用型的人才。动力设备操作不 仅能够有效地培养学生实践动手能力，而且通过各种设备的操作训练，在实践过程中培养学 生分析问题解决问题的能力。另一方面，《动力设备操作》一书也是为了满足 STCW78/95 公约对海员培训提出的要求，并根据国家海事局颁布的《海船船员适任考试和评估大纲》和 《中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试、评估和发证规则》有关“申请轮机部船员适任证书评 估项目”的要求，基于轮机工程学院自动化机舱已有设备的实际情况组织编写而成。本书采 用中英对照的方式进行组织编写，内容含盖了评估大纲所要求的所有设备的操作训练，较系 统地介绍各种船舶动力设备的操作训练及其管理时的注意事项。 本书的主要内容包括：船舶推进装置的操作与管理、主机遥控系统的操作与管理、船舶 动力系统的操作与管理、柴油发电机的操作与管理、船舶舵机的操作与管理、船舶辅锅炉的 操作与管理、分油机的操作与管理、船舶油水分离器的操作与管理、船舶空压机的操作与管 理、船舶制冷装置的操作与管理、集中式空调装置的操作与管理、造水机的操作与管理、泵 系的操作与管理。本书的编写注重实践性和适用性的统一、正确操作训练与动手能力培养的 统一，分析问题与解决问题的统一。更为重要的是，本书采用中英文对照的方式进行编写， 能让学生在平时的操作训练过程中，不断提高自身专业英语听、说、读、写的能力。为学生 今后的工作打下坚实的基础。本书主要作为高等航海类院校轮机工程专业本、专科生的教材， 可用于各类轮机培训班的实习与训练，也可供船舶轮机管理人员及其他有关技术人员参考。 全书由具有丰富实践经验，长期从事远洋船舶轮机管理工作高级轮机长王永坚（硕士 研究生）采用中英文对照的方式进行编写，黄加亮副教授参与部分章节的编写，轮机工程学 院的硕士研究生姜传立也参与部分章节英文部分的编写工作。 在编写本书的过程中，参考了许多有关文献及资料，并紧密结合自动化机舱的实际情 况进行编写。在编写时，得到了集美大学轮机工程学院领导和自动化机舱同事们的大力支持, 同时也要特别感谢范志贤副教授的无私帮助。杨国豪教授、蔡振雄教授和陈景锋副教授担任 本书的主审，他们认真地审阅了本书中的各章节，提出了许多宝贵的意见。在出版的过程中， 得到了大连海事大学出版社的大力支持。在此，一并表示衷心感谢。 由于编者的水平有限，书中缺点和不妥之处在所难免，恳请各位读者不吝指正。 编者 2008 年 3 月
FOREWORDThe book “Operating Power Equipment" is compiled in according with marine engineeringprofessional teaching syllabus.Marine engineering profession is a profession with strongerpracticality. The cultivating aim of marine engineering profession is to cultivate students tobecome applied person. Power equipment operation not only effectively cultivates studentsmanual practical ability,but alsothrough all kinds of devices'operational training,during thepractical training,the student's abilities foranalyzing the problems and solvingthe problems canbe cultivated.On theotherhand,thepurposeofthecompilation of"OperatingPowerEquipment"is also to meet to the following requirements: STCW78/95Convention,“Test for Competency andAssessment Syllabus for Seafarers" stipulated by Marine Safety Administration of PeopleRepublicof China,theregulations on examination、assessment and certificateof competencyforseafarers of People Republic of China and“assessment items of applyingfor certificate forcompetencyfor seafarers in enginedepartment"issued byMarine SafetyAdministration of PeopleRepublicof China.Also,thisbook ison thebaseof theexistingdevices in theautomatic roomofmarine engineering institute. It is compiled in the mode of Chinese language then its Englishtranslation. Its contents contain all the operational training for devices which are required by theevaluating syllabus, what is more, this book systematically relates the operational training abouteach kind of ship's device and their managing attentions while running and stopping.The main contents of this book are: The operations and managements of ship's propulsiveequipment、The operations and managements of main engine remote controlling system、Theoperations and managements of ship's main engine service systems、The operations andmanagements of diesel generator、The operations and managements of steering gear、Theoperationsand managements ofauxiliaryboiler、Theoperations andmanagementsof purifierTheoperations andmanagements of ship's oily-water separator、The operations and managements ofship's aircompressor、Theoperationsandmanagements ofshipping refrigerationequipment、Theoperations and managements of centralized air conditioning system、The operations andmanagements of fresh water generator.The complier of the book emphasizes on the unify ofpractice and applicability、the unify of correct operations and manual practical ability、the unify ofanalyzingproblems and solvingproblems.What is moreimportant, thisbook is compiled in themode of Chinese language then its Englishtranslation, it helps students to improve their theabilities of special English listening、spoken、reading、writing.All will help students to lay a firmfoundation for their future work.This book is mainly used as the textbook for marine engineeringprofessional students in colleges and universities. It can be used in the various marine engineeringtraining classes as teaching materials. At the same time, marine engineering officers and theconcernedtechnicians can it as a referencebook intheir workUsing the mode of Chinese language then its English translation, this book is compiled bysenior Chief Engineer Wang Yongjian (master) who is in possession of practical experience andpursues the engine managing works in the ocean ships for a long time, Associate Professor HuangJialiang compiles part chapters, graduator in engineering institute Jiang Chuanli also takes part inpartofEnglishtranslation'sworks.In the process of the compilation, a lot of relative books and materials are being referred, atthe same time, the practical conditions for automatic room are closely to be considered.Inaddition, we have received general support and help from leaders and colleagues, especially, we
FOREWORD The book “Operating Power Equipment” is compiled in according with marine engineering professional teaching syllabus. Marine engineering profession is a profession with stronger practicality. The cultivating aim of marine engineering profession is to cultivate students to become applied person. Power equipment operation not only effectively cultivates students’ manual practical ability, but also through all kinds of devices’ operational training, during the practical training, the student’s abilities for analyzing the problems and solving the problems can be cultivated. On the other hand, the purpose of the compilation of “Operating Power Equipment” is also to meet to the following requirements: STCW78/95 Convention, “Test for Competency and Assessment Syllabus for Seafarers” stipulated by Marine Safety Administration of People Republic of China, the regulations on examination、assessment and certificate of competency for seafarers of People Republic of China and “assessment items of applying for certificate for competency for seafarers in engine department” issued by Marine Safety Administration of People Republic of China. Also, this book is on the base of the existing devices in the automatic room of marine engineering institute. It is compiled in the mode of Chinese language then its English translation. Its contents contain all the operational training for devices which are required by the evaluating syllabus, what is more, this book systematically relates the operational training about each kind of ship’s device and their managing attentions while running and stopping. The main contents of this book are: The operations and managements of ship’s propulsive equipment、The operations and managements of main engine remote controlling system、The operations and managements of ship’s main engine service systems、The operations and managements of diesel generator、The operations and managements of steering gear、The operations and managements of auxiliary boiler、The operations and managements of purifier、The operations and managements of ship’s oily-water separator、The operations and managements of ship’s air compressor、The operations and managements of shipping refrigeration equipment、The operations and managements of centralized air conditioning system、The operations and managements of fresh water generator. The complier of the book emphasizes on the unify of practice and applicability、the unify of correct operations and manual practical ability、the unify of analyzing problems and solving problems. What is more important, this book is compiled in the mode of Chinese language then its English translation, it helps students to improve their the abilities of special English listening、spoken、reading、writing. All will help students to lay a firm foundation for their future work. This book is mainly used as the textbook for marine engineering professional students in colleges and universities. It can be used in the various marine engineering training classes as teaching materials. At the same time, marine engineering officers and the concerned technicians can it as a reference book in their work. Using the mode of Chinese language then its English translation, this book is compiled by senior Chief Engineer Wang Yongjian (master) who is in possession of practical experience and pursues the engine managing works in the ocean ships for a long time, Associate Professor Huang Jialiang compiles part chapters, graduator in engineering institute Jiang Chuanli also takes part in part of English translation’s works. In the process of the compilation, a lot of relative books and materials are being referred, at the same time; the practical conditions for automatic room are closely to be considered. In addition, we have received general support and help from leaders and colleagues, especially; we
must show our sincere thanks to Associate Professor Fan Zhixian for his selfless help. ProfessorYang Guohao、ProfessorCaiZhenxiong andAssociateProfessor Chen Jingfeng havetaken timefrom their busy schedules to read and correct some of the contents and provide many valuablesuggestions. To publish this book, we have also received the help and support from Dalian MarineUniversityPress.To all of the above people,along with many others that space does not permitusto name, we express ourmost sincere thanks.This book is of course not permit without its errors and oversights, due to limitations in ourhuman capabilities and also a hectic schedule.We sincerelyhope that our readers and users willkindly share any comments and suggestions, so that we may further improve it in the futurerevisionsCompilersMarch,2008
must show our sincere thanks to Associate Professor Fan Zhixian for his selfless help. Professor Yang Guohao、Professor Cai Zhenxiong and Associate Professor Chen Jingfeng have taken time from their busy schedules to read and correct some of the contents and provide many valuable suggestions. To publish this book, we have also received the help and support from Dalian Marine University Press. To all of the above people, along with many others that space does not permit us to name, we express our most sincere thanks. This book is of course not permit without its errors and oversights, due to limitations in our human capabilities and also a hectic schedule. We sincerely hope that our readers and users will kindly share any comments and suggestions, so that we may further improve it in the future revisions Compilers March, 2008
目录CONTENTS项目一船舶推进装置的操作与管理(1)Item One:The operations and managements of ship s propulsion unit(6)项目二主机遥控系统的操作与管理·(12)Item Two:The operations and managements of main engine remote control system ... (18)项目三船舶动力系统的操作与管理.…..(26)Item Three:The operations and managements of ship's main engine service systems(32)项目四柴油发电机的操作与管理(40)Item Four: The operations and managements of diesel generator(43)项目五船舶能机的操作与管理(47)Item Five:The operations and managements of steering gear (52)项目六船舶辅锅炉的操作与管理…(58)Item Six:The operations and managements of auxiliary boiler(62)项目七分油机的操作与管理….(67)Item Seven:The operations and managements of purifier(70)项目八船舶油水分离器的操作与管理.(73)Item Eight:The operations and managementsof ship's oil-waterseparator(76)项目九船舶空压机的操作与管理(80)Item Nine:Theoperations andmanagements of ship's air compressor(83)项目十船舶制冷装置的操作与管理..(86)Item Ten:The operations and managements of shipping refrigeration equipment(90)项目十一集中式空调装置的操作与管理...(95)Item Eleven:The operations and managements of centralized air conditioning equipment (99)项目十二造水机的操作与管理(103)Item Twelve:The operations and managements of fresh-water generator（105)项目十三泵系的操作与管理（107)Item Thirteen:The operations and mana(111)gementsofpumpsystem附录一各动力系统管系及工作原理图..............（(116)
IⅡI动力设备操作(125)附录二《动力设备操作评估大纲.(127)申请轮机部船员适任证书评估项目附录三(128)附录四 集美大学实验室安全制度...(130)附录五 轮机自动化机舱规则及安全注意事项(133)参考文献
项目一船舶推进装置的操作与管理一、操作训练目的：通过操作训练使学员熟练掌握船舶推进装置备车、冲车及试车的各项操作，并掌握机动及定速后操作与管理，熟知操作及管理中的注意事项。二、操作内容1、船舶推进装置备车时各系统的准备及冲、试车操作2、船舶推进装置机动时的操作。3、船推进装置换油操作及定速后管理。4、船舶推进装置完车操作三、训练设备自动化机舱主推进装置一套，包括主机及其各配套服务系统、传动齿轮箱及其配套系统、水力测功器及其配套系统。四、主要设备及其技术参数1、主机型号：6PSHTDM-26H缸数＊缸径＊行程：6＊260＊320额定功率＊额定转速：662Kw＊720rpm平均有效压力：1：104MPa最大爆炸压力：9.5MPa燃油消耗率：211g/kw.h滑油消耗率：1.36g/Kw.h最低稳定转速：300rpm废气涡轮增压器：VRT-250气动液压调速器：RHD一62、减速齿轮箱：GWC30/32-01速比：2：输入功率：750Kw输入转速：720rpm弹性联轴器：YULASTIC-LC40103、水力测功器：Y2000型最大吸收功率：1200Kw允许最高转速：1000rpm五、实操过程1.船舶推进装置备车时各系统的准备及冲、试车操作1.1船舶推进装置航前备车轮机部值班人员接到驾驶台“备车”指令后，应立即通知轮机长、值班轮机员和有关人员进入机舱进行备车工作，由值班轮机员回车令备车并着手对车钟、对时钟和对能工作，随后进行以下各项准备工作。（备车的主要目的是确保主机运转灵活，动力系统保证油、水、气、汽、电供给充足，控制系统工作正常，热工参数值处于正常工作范围。）1.1.1压缩空气系统的备车操作（压缩空气系统图见附录一图四）（1）保证压缩空气供给充足：值班期间，应经常保持空气瓶压力充足（1.5-3.0MPa）。备车时，应按操作规程使空压机自动控制系统投入工作或手动起动空压机，给主空气瓶充气达设定值（2.5MPa）左右，并经常监视空压机的工作状态。（2）保证气源洁净：打开主空气瓶放残阀，直至确信空气瓶中无残油、残水。（3）保证控制空气系统工作正常并供给洁净合格的控制空气（0.7MPa）。（应经常检查气源
项目一 船舶推进装置的操作与管理 一、操作训练目的：通过操作训练使学员熟练掌握船舶推进装置备车、冲车及试车的各项操 作，并掌握机动及定速后操作与管理，熟知操作及管理中的注意事项。 二、操作内容 1、船舶推进装置备车时各系统的准备及冲、试车操作. 2、船舶推进装置机动时的操作。 3、船舶推进装置换油操作及定速后管理。 4、船舶推进装置完车操作 三、训练设备 自动化机舱主推进装置一套，包括主机及其各配套服务系统、传动齿轮箱及其配套系统、水 力测功器及其配套系统。 四、主要设备及其技术参数 1、主机 型 号：6ＰＳＨＴＤＭ－２６Ｈ 缸数＊缸径＊行程：６＊２６０＊３２０ 额定功率＊额定转速: ６６２Kw＊７２０rpm 平均有效压力：１.１０４ＭＰa 最大爆炸压力：9.5ＭＰa 燃油消耗率：211 g/kw.h 滑油消耗率：１.３６g/Kw.h 最低稳定转速：300 rpm 废气涡轮增压器：VRT－250 气动液压调速器：ＲＨＤ－６ 2、减速齿轮箱：ＧＷＣ ３０/３２-０１ 速比：2： 输入功率：750Kw 输入转速：720rpm 弹性联轴器：ＹＵＬＡＳＴＩＣ－ＬＣ４０１０ 3、水力测功器：Ｙ２０００型 最大吸收功率：１２００Kw 允许最高转速：１０００rpm 五、实操过程 1. 船舶推进装置备车时各系统的准备及冲、试车操作 1.1 船舶推进装置航前备车 轮机部值班人员接到驾驶台“备车”指令后，应立即通知轮机长、值班轮机员和有关人员进 入机舱进行备车工作，由值班轮机员回车令备车并着手对车钟、对时钟和对舵工作，随后进 行以下各项准备工作。（备车的主要目的是确保主机运转灵活，动力系统保证油、水、气、 汽、电供给充足，控制系统工作正常，热工参数值处于正常工作范围。） 1.1.1 压缩空气系统的备车操作（压缩空气系统图见附录一图四） （1）保证压缩空气供给充足：值班期间，应经常保持空气瓶压力充足（1.5-3.0MPa）。备车 时，应按操作规程使空压机自动控制系统投入工作或手动起动空压机，给主空气瓶充气达设 定值（2.5 MPa）左右，并经常监视空压机的工作状态。 （2）保证气源洁净：打开主空气瓶放残阀，直至确信空气瓶中无残油、残水。 （3）保证控制空气系统工作正常并供给洁净合格的控制空气（0.7MPa）。（应经常检查气源