JAMIE WARD The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience FOURTH EDITION A Psychology Press Book @取
The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience Reflecting recent changes in the way cognition and the brain are studied,this thoroughly updated fourth e ition of this bestselling textbook provides a comprehensive and student-friendly guide to cognitive neuroscience.Jamie Ward provides aneasy-to-follow introduction to neural structure and function as well as all the key methods and procedures of cognitive neuroscience,with a view to helping students understand how they can be used to shed light on the neural basis of cognition. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest theories and findings in all the key topics in cognitive neuroscience,including vision, hearing,attention,memory,speech and language,numeracy,executive function,social and emotional behavior and developmental neuroscience. Throughout,case studies,newspaper reports,everyday examples and student- friendly pedagogy are used to help students understand the more challenging ideas that underpin the subject. New to this edition: Increased focus on the impact of genetics on cognition New coverage of the cutting-edge field of connectomics Coverage of the latest research tools including tES and fNIRS and new methodologies such as multi-voxel pattern analysis in fMRI research Additional content is also included on network versus modular proaches,brain mechanisms of hand-eye coordination,neurobiological ieocorpeohmpeepnoaofndproictonandoReceatodcsof anterior cingulate function as a core text for undergraduate modules in cognitive neuroscience.It can also be used as a key text on courses in cognition ognitive neuro rch will find bioyThoe cmbarking on sech it an nce This textbook is d by vebsite for students and inst rs,links ns and rds of kev hoice quest erms uple-c of Sussex.UK. Neu science at the Uni ersity s the author of a num T0 hesia,and is President
The Student’s Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience Reflecting recent changes in the way cognition and the brain are studied, this thoroughly updated fourth edition of this bestselling textbook provides a comprehensive and student-friendly guide to cognitive neuroscience. Jamie Ward provides an easy-to-follow introduction to neural structure and function, as well as all the key methods and procedures of cognitive neuroscience, with a view to helping students understand how they can be used to shed light on the neural basis of cognition. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest theories and findings in all the key topics in cognitive neuroscience, including vision, hearing, attention, memory, speech and language, numeracy, executive function, social and emotional behavior and developmental neuroscience. Throughout, case studies, newspaper reports, everyday examples and studentfriendly pedagogy are used to help students understand the more challenging ideas that underpin the subject. New to this edition: • Increased focus on the impact of genetics on cognition • New coverage of the cutting-edge field of connectomics • Coverage of the latest research tools including tES and fNIRS and new methodologies such as multi-voxel pattern analysis in fMRI research • Additional content is also included on network versus modular approaches, brain mechanisms of hand–eye coordination, neurobiological models of speech perception and production and recent models of anterior cingulate function. Written in an engaging style by a leading researcher in the field and presented in full color including numerous illustrative materials, this book will be invaluable as a core text for undergraduate modules in cognitive neuroscience. It can also be used as a key text on courses in cognition, cognitive neuropsychology, biopsychology or brain and behavior. Those embarking on research will find it an invaluable starting point and reference. This textbook is supported by an extensive companion website for students and instructors, including lectures by leading researchers, links to key studies and interviews, interactive multiple-choice questions and flashcards of key terms. Jamie Ward is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Sussex, UK. He is the author of a number of books on social and cognitive neuroscience and on synesthesia, and is President of the British Association of Cognitive Neuroscience
The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience To find additional tools to master the concepts and terminology covered in The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience,visit the companion website for the fourth edition.available at: www.routledge.com/cw/ward The Student'sGuide to Videos and Weblinks What you will find on this website: For students: Videos and links to interviews,lectures,documentaries,and studies Simulations of key experiments Interactive multiple-choice quizzes for each chapter Flashcards to test your knowledge of key terms For instructors: ·Lecture guides Downloadable PowerPoint teaching slides Additional quiz questions and ansv vers
The Student’s Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience To find additional tools to master the concepts and terminology covered in The Student’s Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience, visit the companion website for the fourth edition, available at: www.routledge.com/cw/ward What you will find on this website: For students: • Videos and links to interviews, lectures, documentaries, and studies • Simulations of key experiments • Interactive multiple-choice quizzes for each chapter • Flashcards to test your knowledge of key terms. For instructors: • Lecture guides • Downloadable PowerPoint teaching slides • Additional quiz questions and answers
THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE Fourth Edition JAMIE WARD Routledge NDON AND NEW YORK
THE STUDENT’S GUIDE TO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE JAMIE WARD Fourth Edition
Contents About the author Preface to the fourth edition 1 Introducing cognitive neuroscience Cognitive neuroscience in historical perspective 2 Does cognitive psychology need the b in210 Does neur science need cognitive psychology?12 From modules to networks 13 2 Introducing the brain 19 Structure and function of the neuron 19 The gross organization of the brain 24 The erebral cortex 28 The sub ortex 30 The midbrain and hindbrain 32 3 The electrophysiological brair 35 In search of neural representations:single-cell recordings 36 Electroencephalography and event-related potentials 41 Mental chre etry in electrophysiology and cognitive psych Magnetoencephalography 52 4 The imaged brain Structural imaging 56 Functional imaging 58 From image to cognitive theory:experimental design 63 ng data from functio 7 Interpreting data from functional imaging 75 Why do functional imaging data sometimes disagree with lesion data？77 Brain-reading:is"Big Brother"round the corner?80
Contents About the author ix Preface to the fourth edition xi 1 Introducing cognitive neuroscience 1 Cognitive neuroscience in historical perspective 2 Does cognitive psychology need the brain? 10 Does neuroscience need cognitive psychology? 12 From modules to networks 13 2 Introducing the brain 19 Structure and function of the neuron 19 The gross organization of the brain 24 The cerebral cortex 28 The subcortex 30 The midbrain and hindbrain 32 3 The electrophysiological brain 35 In search of neural representations: single-cell recordings 36 Electroencephalography and event-related potentials 41 Mental chronometry in electrophysiology and cognitive psychology 46 Magnetoencephalography 52 4 The imaged brain 55 Structural imaging 56 Functional imaging 58 From image to cognitive theory: experimental design 63 Analyzing data from functional imaging 72 Interpreting data from functional imaging 75 Why do functional imaging data sometimes disagree with lesion data? 77 Brain-reading: is “Big Brother” round the corner? 80
vi CONTENTS 5 The lesioned brain and stimulated brain 87 Dissociations and associations in neuropsychology 90 Single-case studies in cognitive neuropsychology 93 Group studies and lesion-deficit analysis in neuropsychology 97 Animal models in neuropsychology 100 Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)102 Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)110 6 The developing brain 115 Structural development of the brain 118 Functional development of the brain 122 Nature and nurture of individual differences 129 7 The seeing brain 143 From eye to brain 144 Cortical blindness and“blindsight”l4g Functional specialization of the visual cortex beyond VI 152 Recognizing objects 156 Recognizing faces 164 Vision imagined 171 8 The hearing brain 175 The nature of sound 177 From ear to brain 178 Basic processing of auditory information 181 Music perception 186 Voice r perception 191 Speech perception 193 9 The attending brain 203 Spatial and non-spatial attentional process 204 The role of the frontoparietal network in attention 208 Theories of attention 217 Neglect as a disorder of spatial attention and awareness 224 10 The acting brain 233 0phmeonmaaa2 A basic cognitive framework for movement and action Ownership and awareness of actions 242 Action comprehension and imitation 246 Acting on objects 249 Fronto-striatal and cerebellar networks in action 258
vi CONTENTS 5 The lesioned brain and stimulated brain 87 Dissociations and associations in neuropsychology 90 Single-case studies in cognitive neuropsychology 93 Group studies and lesion-deficit analysis in neuropsychology 97 Animal models in neuropsychology 100 Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 102 Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) 110 6 The developing brain 115 Structural development of the brain 118 Functional development of the brain 122 Nature and nurture of individual differences 129 7 The seeing brain 143 From eye to brain 144 Cortical blindness and “blindsight” 149 Functional specialization of the visual cortex beyond V1 152 Recognizing objects 156 Recognizing faces 164 Vision imagined 171 8 The hearing brain 175 The nature of sound 177 From ear to brain 178 Basic processing of auditory information 181 Music perception 186 Voice perception 191 Speech perception 193 9 The attending brain 203 Spatial and non-spatial attentional process 204 The role of the frontoparietal network in attention 208 Theories of attention 217 Neglect as a disorder of spatial attention and awareness 224 10 The acting brain 233 A basic cognitive framework for movement and action 234 The role of the frontal lobes in movement and action 235 Ownership and awareness of actions 242 Action comprehension and imitation 246 Acting on objects 249 Fronto-striatal and cerebellar networks in action 258
CONTENTS vii 11 The remembering brain 265 Short-term and working memory 266 Different types of long-term memory 271 Amnesia 273 Functions of the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes in memory 279 Theories of remembering,knowing and forgetting 287 The role of the prefrontal cortex in long-term memory 292 12 The speaking brain 299 Spoken word recognition 301 Semantic me emory and the meaning of words 307 Understanding and producing sentences 316 Retrieving and producing spoken words 323 13 The literate brain 331 Visual word recognition 334 Reading aloud:routes from spelling to sound 341 Spellinnd riting 352 Does spelling use the same mechanisms as reading?356 14 The numerate brain 359 Universal numeracy?360 The meaning of numbers 362 Models of number processing 374 15 The executive brain 385 Aamorangncioaliiosotepmiona cortex Executive functions in practice 390 The organization of executive functions 398 The role of the anterior cingulate in executive functions 411 16 The social and emotional brain 415 Rahehs2gmoionpmig4g Theories of emotion 416 Neural sut Understanding other minds 440 References Author index Subject index
CONTENTS vii 11 The remembering brain 265 Short-term and working memory 266 Different types of long-term memory 271 Amnesia 273 Functions of the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes in memory 279 Theories of remembering, knowing and forgetting 287 The role of the prefrontal cortex in long-term memory 292 12 The speaking brain 299 Spoken word recognition 301 Semantic memory and the meaning of words 307 Understanding and producing sentences 316 Retrieving and producing spoken words 323 13 The literate brain 331 Visual word recognition 334 Reading aloud: routes from spelling to sound 341 Spelling and writing 352 Does spelling use the same mechanisms as reading? 356 14 The numerate brain 359 Universal numeracy? 360 The meaning of numbers 362 Models of number processing 374 15 The executive brain 385 Anatomical and functional divisions of the prefrontal cortex 387 Executive functions in practice 390 The organization of executive functions 398 The role of the anterior cingulate in executive functions 411 16 The social and emotional brain 415 Theories of emotion 416 Neural substrates of emotion processing 424 Reading faces 434 Understanding other minds 440 References 451 Author index 515 Subject index 517
Taylor Francis Taylor Francis Group ttp://taylorandfrancis.com
About the author Jamie Ward is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Sussex UK.He completed degrees at the University of Cambridge(1991-1994)and the University of Birmingham(1994-1997).He subsequently worked as a Research Fellow at the University of Sussex(1997-1999)and as Lecturer and Senior Lecturer at University College London (1999-2007).His principal research interest lies in the cognitive neuroscience of synesthesia,although he has published on many other topics,including frontal lobe function, memory and disorders of reading and spelling.His research uses a number of methods in cognitive neuroscience,including human neuropsychology. functional imaging,EEG and TMS.His other books include The Frog Who Croaked Blue:Synesthesia and the Mixing of the Senses and The Student's Guide to Social Neuroscience.He is the founding editor of the journal, Cognitive Neuroscience,and is currently President of the British Association of Cognitive Neuroscience(BACN)
About the author Jamie Ward is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Sussex, UK. He completed degrees at the University of Cambridge (1991–1994) and the University of Birmingham (1994–1997). He subsequently worked as a Research Fellow at the University of Sussex (1997–1999) and as Lecturer and Senior Lecturer at University College London (1999–2007). His principal research interest lies in the cognitive neuroscience of synesthesia, although he has published on many other topics, including frontal lobe function, memory and disorders of reading and spelling. His research uses a number of methods in cognitive neuroscience, including human neuropsychology, functional imaging, EEG and TMS. His other books include The Frog Who Croaked Blue: Synesthesia and the Mixing of the Senses and The Student’s Guide to Social Neuroscience. He is the founding editor of the journal, Cognitive Neuroscience, and is currently President of the British Association of Cognitive Neuroscience (BACN)
Taylor Francis Taylor Francis Group ttp://taylorandfrancis.com