习题 21命名下列基。 (1)CH3CH2CH2- (2)(CH3)2CHCH2一 (4)(CHa);C- (⑤)CH=CHCH2一 (6)CH3C=C- 8)《 〉CHz一 (9) 9 (11)CH3CH2 (12)-CH2CH2CH2- CH3 (I3)CH3 CHCHCH一(I4)(CH)2CHCH2CHCH一(15)CH,C=C—C=CH- CH3 CH3 CH3 CH 16) CHCH2— (18) -C=C-CH- CH3 CH3 CH3 (19)CH3CH2C- -0 (20)一CH2CHCH2COOH (21)-CH2CHCH2OH CH3 CH3 2.2写出下列基的构造式 (1)异丙基 (2)仲丁基 (3)叔戊基 (4)新戊基 (5)异戊基 (6)正戊基 (7)乙烯基 (8)苄基 (9)2甲基戊基 (10)1.甲基.1,3丁二烯基 (11)4甲基4-戊烯-2炔基 (12)2甲基3乙基2,4环成二烯基(13)2， 4二甲基基 (14)叔氧基 (15)3-苯基-1-丙烯基 (16)烯丙氧基(17)2,4二氯苯氧基 (18)NN-二甲基氨甲基 2.3用习惯命名法命名下列化合物 (1)CH;CH2CH2CH3 (2)(CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (3)C(CH34 (4)(CH3)3CCH2CH3 (5)CH3)2C=CH2 (6)CH2=C-CH=CH2 CH3 (7)CH3CHCICH3 (8)(CH3C-Br (9)CH-CHOHCH CH (10)CH2=CHCH2OH (11)CH0C(CH32 (12)CH3CH2OCH(CH3)2
2.1 ✂✁✂✄✆☎✆✝✟✞ (1) CH3CH2CH2 (2) (CH3)2CHCH2 (3) CH3CH2CH CH3 (4) (5) CH2 CHCH2 (6) CH3C C (7) (CH3 )3C (8) CH2 (9) (10) O (11) CH3CH2C O (12) CH2CH2CH2 (13) CH3CHCHCH CH3 CH3 CH3 (14) (CH3 )2CHCH2CHCH2 CH3 (15) CH3C C C CH CH3 (16) CH3 (17) CHCH2 CH3 (18) C C CH CH3 (19) CH3CH2C CH3 O CH3 (20) CH2CHCH2COOH CH3 (21) CH2CHCH2OH CH3 2.2 ✠☛✡ ✄✆☎✆✝✌☞✎✍✑✏✓✒ ✔ 1 ✕✗✖✂✘✝ ✔ 2 ✕✚✙✜✛✝ ✔ 3 ✕✗✢✆✣✝ ✔ 4 ✕✚✤✂✣✝ ✔ 5 ✕✚✖✂✣✝ ✔ 6 ✕✦✥✑✣✝ ✔ 7 ✕★✧✦✩✝ ✔ 8 ✕✚✪✝ ✔ 9 ✕ 2- ✫✝ ✣✝ ✔ 10 ✕ 1- ✫✝ -1 ✬ 3 ✛✂✭✮✩✝ ✔ 11 ✕ 4- ✫✝ -4-✣✑✩-2-✯ ✝ ✔ 12 ✕ 2- ✫✝ -3-✧✝ -2 ✬ 4-✰✓✣✓✭✮✩✝ ✔ 13 ✕ 2 ✬ 4-✭✱✫✝✂✲✆✝ ✔ 14 ✕✗✢✂✛★✳✝ ✔ 15 ✕ 3-✲✆✝-1-✘★✩✝ ✔ 16 ✕✴✩✵✘★✳✝ ✔ 17 ✕ 2 ✬ 4-✭✂✶✲ ✳✝ ✔ 18 ✕ N,N-✭✱✫✝✂✷ ✫✝ 2.3 ✸☛✹✻✺✓✁✆✼✆✂✁✂✄✆☎✂✽✂✾✑✿❀✞ (1) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (2) (CH3 )2CHCH2CH3 (3) C(CH3 )4 (4) (CH3 )3CCH2CH3 (5) (CH3 )2C CH2 (6) CH2 C CH3 CH CH2 (7) CH3CHClCH3 (8) (CH3 )2C Br (9) CH3CHOHCH2CH3 (10) CH2 CHCH2OH (11) CH3OC(CH3 )3 (12) CH3CH2OCH(CH3 )2
(13)(CH3CH2CH2)20 (14)(CH3)2CHCHO (15)(CH3)3CCHO 0 (16) (17) CH3C- (18)CH3CH2CCH=CH2 (19)CHCH2CH2CH2COOH (20)(CH3)2CHCOOH (21)(CH3)CCOOH (22)CH3CHCH2CH3 (23)(CH3CH2CH2)2NH (24)CH3NCH2CH(CH3)2 NH2 CH(CH3)2 2.4用衍生物命名法命名下列化合物。 CH CHa CH(CH) (1)CH;CH2CH (2)CH:CCH(CH3) (3)CH3—C-C(CHh (④CH,CH=CH2 (5)CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 (6)CH3CHCH=CH- CH-CH- (7)CH3CH2C=CCH2CH3 (8)CH;CH2CH2C=CCH(CHa)z CH2CH (9)CH2=CHCH2C=CCH=CHCH3 (10)CH3CCH2CH2CH3 OH C(CHs)s C=C-CH (11)CH3CH2CCH2- (12)CH3CH2CH2CCH2CH=CH2 OH OH 2.5用系统命名法命名下列烷烃。 (1)CH3C(CH3)2CH(CH3)CH3 (2)(CH3)2CHCHC2Hs CH(CH3)2 CH3 CHs (④)(CH)CCCH2CH(CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH2CH3 (5)(CH3)2CHCH2CH-CH(CH2)4CH3 (6)CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH-CH(CH2)3CH3 CH:CH2 CH2CH(CH3)2 C2Hs CH-CHCH3 CH3CHCH2CH (7)(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (8)新己烷 CH(CH3)2 (9)正成基异丁基叔工基甲烷 (10)二甲基乙基丙基甲烷 (1)乙基异丁基仲丁基叔丁基甲烷 (12)甲基异戊基新戊基叔戊基甲烷
(13) (CH3CH2CH2 )2O (14) (CH3 )2CHCHO (15) (CH3 )3CCHO (16) CH3CH2CCH3 O (17) CH3C O (18) CH3CH2CCH O CH2 (19)CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH (20) (CH3 )2CHCOOH (21) (CH3 )3CCOOH (22) CH3CHCH2CH3 NH2 (23) (CH3CH2CH2)2NH (24) CH3NCH2CH(CH3 )2 CH(CH3 )2 2.4 ✸✆❁✵❂✿✂✂✁✂✼✑✓✁✆✄✂☎✂✽✆✾✆✿✟✞ (1) CH3CH2CH3 (2) CH3CCH(CH3 )2 CH2CH3 CH2CH3 (3) CH3 C CH(CH3 )2 C(CH3)3 CH2CH(CH3)2 (4) CH3CH CH2 (5) CH3CH2CH CHCH3 (6) CH3CHCH CH2CH3 CH (7) CH3CH2C CCH2CH3 (8) CH3CH2CH2C CCH(CH3)2 (9)CH2 CHCH2C CCH CHCH3 (10)CH3CCH2CH2CH3 CH2CH3 OH (11) CH3CH2CCH2 C(CH3)3 OH (12) CH3CH2CH2CCH2CH OH C CH2 C CH3 2.5 ✸✓❃✆❄✓✁✆✼✆✂✁✂✄✆☎✑❅✓❆✟✞ . (1) CH3C(CH3 )2CH(CH3 )CH3 (2) (CH3 )2CHCHC2H5 CH(CH3)2 (3) CH3CH2CCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 (4) (CH3)3CCCH2CH(CH3)2 CH3CHCH2CH3 C2H5 (5) (CH3 )2CHCH2CH CH(CH2 )4CH3 CH3CH2 CH2CH(CH3)2 (6) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH CH(CH2)3CH3 C2H5 CH CHCH3 CH3 CH3 (7) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3 )2 CH3CHCH2CH3 (8) ❇❉❈✜❊ ✔ 9 ✕✗✥✆✣✝ ✖✂✛✝ ✢✓✛✝ ✫❅ ✔ 10 ✕✦✭❀✫✝ ✧✝ ✘✝ ✫❅ ✔ 11 ✕★✧✝ ✖✂✛✝ ✙✜✛✝ ✢✓✛✝ ✫❅ ✔ 12 ✕✜✫✝ ✖✂✣✝ ✤✂✣✝ ✢✆✣✝ ✫❅
2.6用系统命名法命名下列不饱和脂肪烃。 CH2CH2CH3 (1)CH2=CHCH-CHCH3 (2)CH3CH2CH2CHCH=CCHCH3 CH3CH3 CH(CH3) C2Hs CH3 (3)CH;CH=CCH2CHCH; (4)CH2=CHC=CCH=CHCHCH2CH C2Hs C2Hs CH=CHCH3 (5)(CH3)CCH2C=CCH2CH3 (6)CH3CHCH2CH2CHC=CH C2Hs CH2CH3 (7)CH=CCH2CHCH=CH2 (8)CH3CH=C-C=CCH3 CH3 C(CH3)3 (9)CH=CCHCH2CH=CHCHCH2CH2CH3 (10)CH3C=CHCHCH=C=CHCH2CH3 CH(CH32 CH2CH=CH2 CHEC CH=CH2 2.7用系统命名法命名下列脂肪组化合物 CH: -CH,H,2〈>-CH=CHCH,CH(CHs)) CH: H.C CH (6 H0 CH=CH2 (9 CH.O 2.8用系统命名法命名下列芳香族化合物
2.6 ✸✓❃✆❄✓✁✆✼✆✂✁✂✄✆☎✓❋✑●✆❍✓■✆❏✆❆✟✞ . (1) CH2 CHCH CH3 CHCH3 CH3 (2) CH3CH2CH2CHCH C2H5 CCHCH3 CH(CH3 )2 CH2CH2CH3 (3) CH3CH CCH2CHCH3 C2H5 C2H5 (4) CH2 CHC CCH C2H5 CH CHCHCH2CH3 CHCH3 CH3 (5) (CH3 )3CCH2C CCH2CH3 (6) CH3CHCH2CH2CHC CH C2H5 CH2CH3 (7) CH CCH2CHCH CH2 CH3 (8) CH3CH C C(CH3 )3 C CCH3 (9) CH CCHCH2CH CH(CH3 )2 CHCHCH2CH2CH3 CH2CH CH2 (10) CH3C C CHCHCH CH C CHCH2CH3 CH CH2 2.7 ✸✓❃✆❄✓✁✆✼✆✂✁✂✄✆☎✂■✂❏✂❑✆✽✆✾✆✿✟✞ (1) CH2H3 (2) CH CHCH2CH(CH3)2 (3) CH3 (4) CH3 CH3 (5) Cl C2H5 H3C (6) CH3 O C2H5 (7) O2N OH C CH (8) HO HOOC CH CH2 (9) C2H5 OH CH3O 2.8 ✸✓❃✆❄✓✁✆✼✆✂✁✂✄✆☎✜▲✑▼✑◆✓✽✆✾✆✿✟✞ (1) CH3 CH3 CH3 OH Br NO2 COOH OH Cl CHO CH3 OH (2) (3) (4)
7 -CH=CHC=CH (8)CH; -CH=CH- CH:C -CH2CHCH (10) CH COOH 11)Ho 一CH(CHh( COOH 18) CHO 2.9写出下列化合物的构造式。 (1)3甲基3-乙基4-异丙基庚烷 (2)3,3二甲基-4乙基5(1,2-二甲基丙基)壬烷 (3)2,3,5.三甲基4乙基3.己烯 (4)4甲基3-异丙基.1-戊炔 (5)3乙基4正丙基1,3-已二烯-5炔 (6)3,5二甲基-1环己烯
(5) SO3H NO2 OH CH3CH2CHCH2C(CH3 )3 (7) CH3O CH CHC CH CH3 CH CH CH3 (9)HO CH2CHCH Cl CH3 Cl CH3 CH2 COOH Br C2H5 (11) HO Cl OCH3 CH(CH3 )2 NO2 CH3 OH CH3 (13) CH3 OH COOH CH3 OH CHO (15) Cl NO2 CHO SO3H HOOC OH CH2CH3 (17) CHO COOH C2H5 OC2H5 Br SO3H OH (6) (8) (10) (12) (14) (16) (18) 2.9 ✠☛✡ ✄✆☎✂✽✆✾✆✿✌☞✎✍✑✏✓✒✟✞ ✔ 1 ✕ 3- ✫✝ -3-✧✝ -4-✖✓✘✝✂❖✆❅ ✔ 2 ✕ 3 ✬ 3-✭✱✫✝ -4-✧✝ -5- ✔ 1 ✬ 2-✭✱✫✝ ✘✝ ✕✎P❅ ✔ 3 ✕ 2 ✬ 3 ✬ 5-◗❘✫✝ -4-✧✝ -3-❙✚✩ ✔ 4 ✕ 4- ✫✝ -3-✖✓✘✝ - 1-✣✑✯ ✔ 5 ✕ 3-✧✝ -4-✥✂✘✝ -1 ✬ 3-❙✎✭★✩-5-✯ ✔ 6 ✕ 3 ✬ 5-✭✱✫✝ -1-✰❀❙✚✩
(7)1-甲基螺4.51-6-癸烯 (8)7,7.二甲基二环2.2.1-25-庚二烯 (9)对乙基环己其差 (10)2,2.二（对羟基苯基）丙烷 (11)1,1‘联二 (12)1米基2-对甲苯基丙烯 210用系用命名法命名下列化合物。 (1)(CH3)3CCHCICH3 (2)(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CCl2CHBr2 (3)CH;CH=CHCHCH2CI (4)CH=CCCHCICH2Br (5)CH2=CC=CBr CH CH3 CH3 H C=CH (6)CH;CH2- 9) CH -CH 2.11用系统命名法命名下列化合物。 (1)(CH3)3CCH2CHCH (2)(CH3)2CCH2CH=CHCH2OH OH OH (3)CH3CHCHCHCH3 4 N -OH Br CI OH Br NO2 (5) -CHCH2C=CH (6 -CHCHCH=CHCH2OH OH HO (⑦)CH;CH2OCH2CH--CHCH2CH CH3CH3 OCH3 OH (9)CHOCH2C=CCHCH2CI (10)C2HsOCH2CHCHCH2OH OH OHOH (11)H0 -OCH3 (12)HOCH2CH2CHCH2CI Br CH2CH2OH
✔ 7 ✕ 1- ✫✝✂❚[4.5]-6-❯✆✩ ✔ 8 ✕ 7 ✬ 7-✭✱✫✝ ✭✑✰[2.2.1]-2 ✬ 5-❖ ✭★✩ ✔ 9 ✕❲❱✌✧✝ ✰✟❙✝✂✲ ✔ 10 ✕ 2 ✬ 2-✭❳✔❨❱✆❩✝✂✲✆✝ ✕✦✘❅ ✔ 11 ✕ 1 ✬ 1 ❬ -❭✓✭✑❪ ✔ 12 ✕ 1-✲✆✝-2-❱❘✫ ✲✆✝✘✮✩ 2.10 ✸✜❃★✸ ✂✁✂✼✑✓✁✆✄✆☎✂✽✂✾✑✿❀✞ (1) (CH3)3CCHClCH3 (2) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CCl2CHBr2 (3) CH3CH CHCHCH2Cl CH3 (4) CH CCCHClCH2Br CH3 Cl (5) CH2 CC CBr CH3 (6) CH3CH2 Br (7) Cl CH3 Cl Cl (8) C Cl CH (9) Br CH2 Br CH3 Cl 2.11 ✸✜❃✑❄✂✁✂✼✑✓✁✆✄✆☎✂✽✂✾✑✿❀✞ (1) (CH3)3CCH2CHCH3 OH (2) (CH3 )2CCH2CH CHCH2OH OH (3) CH3CHCHCHCH3 Br Cl OH (4) OH Br (5) CHCH2C CH OH (6) HO CHCHCH CH3 NO2 CHCH2OH (7) CH3CH2OCH2CH CH3 CHCH2CH3 CH3 (8) CH3CHCH2CHCH3 OCH3 OH (9) CH3OCH2C CCHCH2Cl OH (10) C2H5OCH2CHCHCH2OH OHOH (11) HO OCH3 Br (12) HOCH2CH2CHCH2Cl CH2CH2OH
2.12用系统命名法命名下列化合物。 ()）(CH3)3CCH2 CHCHO (2 (CH3)2C=CHCH2CH2CHO CH OH (3) (4) CHCHCH-CHO CH: CHO (6) CH2CHCCH3 CH3 OH (8)CH3COCH2CH=CHCHCHO 0 CH CH Br 0 0 9 (10)CICH2CCH2CH2Br OH (11)CH=CCOC=CHCH3 (12) CH3 CH=CH2 2.13用系统命名法命名下列化合物。 (1)(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)COOH (2)HOOCCHCH2CHCH2COOH C2Hs CH3 (3)HOCH2CH2CHBrCOOH (4)HOOCCH2COCH2CHO (5)C2Hs- COOH (6) -CH=CHCOOC2Hs NO2 (7)C2HsOCCH2CHCH2COOH (8)CH3CH2COO- -0CH3 (9) -CH2CH-CHCCI (10)(CH3)3CCH2CH2CNH2 CI CJ3 Br (11)CH3- (12)(CH30CH2C0)20
2.12 ✸✜❃✑❄✂✁✂✼✑✓✁✆✄✆☎✂✽✂✾✑✿❀✞ (1) (CH3 )3CCH2CHCHO CH3 (2) (CH3 )2C CHCH2CH2CHO (3) O (4) CHCHCH2CHO CH3 OH (5) OH O2N CHO (6) CH2CHCCH3 O CH3 (7) CH3CCH2CHCHO O CH3 (8) CH3COCH2CH CHCHCHO CH3 (9) Br OH O (10) ClCH2CCH2CH2Br O (11) CH CCOC CH3 CHCH3 (12) CH3COCH2COCHC2H5 CH CH2 2.13 ✸✜❃✑❄✂✁✂✼✑✓✁✆✄✆☎✂✽✂✾✑✿❀✞ . (1) (CH3 )2CHCH(CH3 )COOH (2) HOOCCHCH2CHCH2COOH C2H5 CH3 (3) HOCH2CH2CHBrCOOH (4) HOOCCH2COCH2CHO (5) C2H5 COOH NO2 (6) CH CHCOOC2H5 (7) C2H5OCCH2CHCH2COOH O CH3 (8) CH3CH2COO OCH3 (9) Br CH2CH Cl CHCCl CJ3 O (10) (CH3 )3CCH2CH2CNH2 O (11) CH3 C NHCH3 O NO2 (12) (CH3OCH2CO)2O
2.14写出下列化合物的构造式。 (1)3.(2-氯乙基)1,4二溴-2-戊烯 (2)1-间乙基装基3浪己已烷 (3)2,7二甲基3,5辛二炔-2,7二醇 (4)3甲基-5甲氧基1-庚烯 (5)2甲基-3-羟基戊醛 (6)5-苯基.2-溴.3-庆 (7)4苯氧基环己烷甲酸 (8)乙酰乙酸乙酯 (9)3-氨甲酰基戊酰氯 (10)5-硝基.2-素乙酰胺 (11)N.甲基N-乙基4-溴苯甲酰胺 (12)邻苯二甲酸酐 2.15命名或写出下列化合物的构造式。 (1)(CH3)CCH2NH2 (2) (3)CH;CH2CHCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 NHCH3 )-MCn (5)CH3NHCH2CH2CH2OH (7)5.氢基.2.猫龄 (8)N甲基-2,4二氨基苯胺 (9)6硝基-2 6 二氯3联米甲酸 (10)2,4二甲基4”-乙基3‘-硝基三苯甲烷 (11)3,(1甲基-8-氨基2萘基)丁酸甲酯 (12)a-萘乙酸
2.14 ✠❫✡ ✄✂☎✆✽✂✾✑✿✟☞✦✍✑✏✓✒✟✞ ✔ 1 ✕ 3- ✔ 2-✶☛✧✝ ✕ -1 ✬ 4-✭✂❴-2-✣✑✩ ✔ 2 ✕ 1-❵✂✧✝✂✲✆✝-3-❴✌❙❅ ✔ 3 ✕ 2 ✬ 7-✭✱✫✝ -3 ✬ 5-❛✓✭★✯-2 ✬ 7-✭✆❜ ✔ 4 ✕ 3- ✫✝ -5- ✫✴✳✝ -1-❖✩ ✔ 5 ✕ 2- ✫✝ -3-❩✝ ✣✂❝ ✔ 6 ✕ 5-✲✆✝-2-❴-3-❖✓❞ ✔ 7 ✕ 4-✲ ✳✝ ✰❀❙❅ ✫✴❡ ✔ 8 ✕★✧✎❢❫✧✎❡❫✧✎❣ ✔ 9 ✕ 3-✷ ✫❲❢✝ ✣✆❢✓✶ ✔ 10 ✕ 5-❤✝ -2-❪❫✧✻❢✆✐ ✔ 11 ✕ N- ✫✝ -N-✧✝ -4-❴✲ ✫✴❢✆✐ ✔ 12 ✕✚❥✲ ✭❀✫❲❡✆❦ 2.15 ✓✁✆❧✠☛✡ ✄✆☎✂✽✆✾✑✿✟☞✎✍✑✏✓✒✌✞ (1)(CH3)3CCH2NH2 (2) N CH3 CH3 (3) CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 NHCH3 (4) O2N NHCH2 (5) CH3NHCH2CH2CH2OH (6) H2N NH ✔ 7 ✕ 5-✷✂✝-2-❪✆♠✓❡ ✔ 8 ✕ N- ✫✝ -2 ✬ 4-✭✷✂✝✓✲✐ ✔ 9 ✕ 6-❤✝ -2 ❬♥✬ 6 ❬ -✭✆✶-3-❭ ✲ ✫❲❡ ✔ 10 ✕ 2 ✬ 4-✭✱✫✝ -4 ❬ -✧✝ -3 ❬ -❤✝ ◗ ✲ ✫❅ ✔ 11 ✕ 3 ✬♦✔ 1- ✫✝ -8-✷✂✝-2-❪✝ ✕✦✛✑❡♣✫✴❣ ✔ 12 ✕❀q -❪❫✧✻❡