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THE CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CAMPAIGN IN CHINA: THE OPERATIONS IN THE YANG-TZE-KIANG; AND TREATY OF NANKING. BY CAPT.GRANVILLE G.LOCH, R0 YAL KAY了. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY,ALBEMARLE STREET. MDCCCXLIII. Goole
THE CLOSING EVENTS CAMPAIGN IN CHINA OPERATIONS IN THE YANG-TZE-KIANG ; TREATY OF NANKING. BY CAPT. GRANVILLE ot LOCH, ROYAL NAVT. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. MDCCCXLIII
/3-220265 PREFACE. ANxroUs to see China and witness the operations then proceeding there,I took the opportunity that offered of my return from active service in the Mediterranean to apply in December,1841,to the Admiralty for leave to join the Expedition,which was most kindly granted,and I embarked for a passage on board H.M.S.Dido by the invitation of her captain the Hon.H.Keppel,my old and esteemed friend. When we joined the force at the mouth of the Yang-tze-kiang,I was invited by Vice-Admiral Sir William Parker to live with him;and I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to him for his unvaried kindness,as also to Sir Hugh Gough,who permitted me to act as his extra aide-de-camp whenever the army landed,and not A3 Google
/3~U6ZbS PREFACE. Anxious to see China and witness the operations then proceeding there, I took the opportunity that offered of my return from active service in the Mediterranean to apply in December, 1841, to the Admiralty for leave to join the Expedition, which was most kindly granted, and I embarked for a passage on board H. M. S. Dido by the invitation of her captain the Hon. H. Keppel, my old and esteemed friend. When we joined the force at the mouth of the Yang-tze-kiang, I was invited by Vice-Admiral Sir William Parker to live with him ; and I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to him for his unvaried kindness, as also to Sir Hugh Gough, who permitted me to act as his extra aide-de-camp whenever the army landed, and not k 3
vi PREFACE. less to Sir Henry Pottinger,who afforded me the same opportunity that he himself poseessed of meeting and observing the Chinese authorities, with whom we came in contact during the period of the negotiations. While I was with the Expedition I kept a journal,and this volume is the result of it. After the treaty was signed,I proceeded to Cal- cutta in the H.C.S.Tenasserim,the vessel sent with the despatches to Lord Ellenborough,an- nouncing the conclusion of the war and the treaty which had been agreed upon. Desirous of seeing something of the British possession in India,I visited the three presidencies, therefore did not reach England until the end of March,which circumstance has delayed the publi- cation of this book three months longer than I could have wished. During the period of our short stay,after the capture of the city of Chin-kiang-foo,I had no opportunity of examining,with any degree of ac- curacy,its extended suburbe,or the course of the Great Canal;but I have been so fortunate as to receive some valuable observations from Captain
vi PREFACE. less to Sir Henry Pottinger, who afforded me the same opportunity that he himself possessed of meeting and observing the Chinese authorities, with whom we came in contact during the period of the negotiations. While I was with the Expedition I kept a journal, and this volume is the result of it. After the treaty was signed, I proceeded to Cal cutta in the H. C. S. Tenasserim, the vessel sent with the despatches to Lord Ellenborough, an nouncing the conclusion of the war and the treaty which had been agreed upon. Desirous of seeing something of the British possessions in India, I visited the three presidencies, therefore did not reach England until the end of March, which circumstance has delayed the publi cation of this book three months longer than I could have wished. During the period of our short stay, after the capture of the city of Chin-kiang-foo, I had no opportunity of examining, with any degree of ac curacy, its extended suburbs, or the course of the Great Canal; but I have been so fortunate as to receive some valuable observations from Captain
PREFACE. viⅶi the Hon.Fred.Grey,who was left there as senior naval officer pending the negotiations which suc- ceeded the treaty of Nanking:these he has kindly permitted me to insert,and they will be found in the APPENDIX. Google
PREFACE. Vll the Hon. Fred. Grey, who was left there as senior naval officer pending the negotiations which suc ceeded the treaty of Nanking : these he has kindly permitted me to insert, and they will be found in the Appendix
CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Straits of Sunda.-Equatorial changes.-The monsoons.- Banca and Sumatra.一The Dugong.一Malay super- stitions.-Singapore.-Population and trade of the island. -Chinese etiquette.-Visit to the jos-house -Page 1 CHAP.II. Departure from Singapore.-Drumming fish.-Lema Islands.-Hong-Kong.-Pedestrian excursion.-Chinese reverence for the aged.-Trip to Macao.-Chinese boat- women.-Mercenary character of the Chinese.-Kid- napping.-Portuguese settlers.-Return to Hong-Kong. -Departure of the fleet for the scene of operations 16 CHAP.III. Dismantling of the Woo-sung forts.-Chinese gallantry.- Conduct of the peasantry.-Sir Hugh Gough.-Chinese cannon and their inscriptions.-Town of Poushung.- Advance inland.-Taking of Chan-hai.-Chinese tea- gardens.-Dwarfing process.-Pawnbroking depositories. -Communication from Elipoo.-Visits to the Arsenal and other public buildings.-Disaffection of the popu- lation towards the mandarins.-Exploration of the river Woo-6ung·· .36 Google
CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Straits of Sunda. —Equatorial changes. —The monsoons. — Banca and Sumatra. — The Dugong. — Malay super stitions. —Singapore. —Population and trade of the island. —Chinese etiquette. — Visit to the jos-house - Page 1 CHAP. II. Departure from Singapore. —Drumming fish. — Lema Islands. —Hong-Kong. —Pedestrian excursion. —Chinese reverence for the aged. —Trip to Macao. —Chinese boatwomen. — Mercenary character of the Chinese —Kid napping. —Portuguese settlers. —Return to Hong-Kong. —Departure of the fleet for the scene of operations - 16 CHAP. HI. Dismantling of the Woo-sung forts. —Chinese gallantry. — Conduct of the peasantry. —Sir Hugh Gough. —Chinese cannon and their inscriptions. — Town of Poushung. — Advance inland. — Taking of Chan-hai. — Chinese teagardens.—Dwarfing process. —Pawnbroking depositories. —Communication from Elipoo. —Visits to the Arsenal and other public buildings. — Disaffection of the popu lation towards the mandarins. —Exploration of the river Woo-sung - - - - - - 36
x CONTENTS. CHAP.IV. Observations.-The Yang-tze-kiang.-Island of Sung- ming· Page 59 CHAP.V. Surveyors'return.-Sailing of the feet.-Destruction of a fort.一Pagoda of Tong-shou.一Chinese proclamation.一 Destruction of the Se-shan forts.-Capture of a fugitive -Ascent to a pagoda by moonlight.-Chinese fishing- tackle -64 CHAP.VI. Seung-shan,or "Silver Island."-Chinese recluse.- Phlegethon battery.-Chin-kiang-foo.-Kin-shan,or Golden Island."-Fire rafts.-Visits of the Chinese.- Inner canal.-Temple of the Dragon King.-Process of cramping the feet.-Remains of ancient gardens of Kwa-chou.一Chinese bridges.一Message from Elipoo..一 Palace and temples of Golden Island.-Fire rafts-82 CHAP.VⅡ. Reconnoissance of enemy's position.-Siege of Chin-kiang- foo.-Blowing in of the gate.-Rally of Tartar troops inside the town.-Suicide of towns-people.-Chinese in- terpreter..一Exploration of the city.一Return on board.一 Uniforms and arms of Tartars and Chinese ·101 CHAP.VIII. Landing of provisions for garrison.-Appearance of a cap- tured city.-Absence of birds and beasts of prey.- Cast-iron pagoda.-Chinese plunderers.-Junks.- Tartar secretary.-Emperor's letters.-Hollow bastion. -Progress towards Nanking.-Chinese dinner.-First view of Porcelain pagoda.-Great wall of Nanking.116
CONTENTS. CHAP. IV. Observations. — The Yang-tze-kiang. —Island of Sungming ------ Page 59 CHAP. V. Surveyors' return. — Sailing of the fleet. — Destruction of a fort. —Pagoda of Tong-shou. —Chinese proclamation. — Destruction of the Se-shan forts. —Capture of a fugitive. —Ascent to a pagoda by moonlight. —Chinese fishingtackle - - - - - - 64 CHAP. VI. Seung-shan, or " Silver Island." —Chinese recluse. — Phlegethon battery. — Chin-kiang-foo. — Kin-shan, or " Golden Island." —Fire rafts. —Visits of the Chinese. — Inner canal. —Temple of the Dragon King. —Process of cramping the feet. — Remains of ancient gardens of Kwa-chou. —Chinese bridges. —Message from Elipoo. — Palace and temples of Golden Island. —Fire rafts - 82 CHAP. VII. Reconnoissance of enemy's position. — Siege of Chin-kiangfoo. — Blowing in of the gate. —Rally of Tartar troops inside the town. —Suicide of towns-people. —Chinese in terpreter.—Exploration ofthe city. —Return on board. — Uniforms and arms of Tartars and Chinese - 101 chap. vm. Landing of provisions for garrison. — Appearance of a cap tured city. —Absence of birds and beasts of prey. — Cast-iron pagoda. — Chinese plunderers. — Junks. — Tartar secretary. — Emperor's letters. —Hollow bastion. — Progress towards Nanking. —Chinese dinner. — First view of Porcelain pagoda. —Great wall of Nanking. 116
CONTENTS. xi CHAP.IX. Anchor off Nanking.-Reconnoissance of the western wall of the city.-Report of the appointment of commis- sioners.-Offer of ransom.-Yan-tse-shan,or Swallow's Nest.-Sickness.-Intercepted despatch.-Correspond- ence between the Envoy and Ke-ying.-Disembarkation of troops.-Reconnoitring party.-Major Malcolm's junk.一Night alarm Page 132 CHAP.X. Chinese official correspondence.-The pawnbroker of Yang- chow.-Conferences with the deputies.-Respect paid to the Imperial edicts.-Excursion along the banks of the canal.-Floods.-Climate.-Thunder-storm.-The bamboo.-First interview with Imperial Commission- ers -146 CHAP,XI. Trip to the Dido.-Second interview with Commission- ers -164 CHAP.XII. ! Excursion to Nanking.-Mausoleum of the emperors of the Ming dynasty.-Porcelain pagoda.-Description of Nanking.-Return to the fleet:-Visit from the Im- perial Commissioners.-Signing of the treaty -176 CHAP.XΠ. The Imperial Commissioners,Ke-ying,Elipoo,and New- king.-Departure from Nanking.-Great size of Yang- tze-kiang。 -189 Google
CONTENTS. CHAP. IX. Anchor off Nanking. — Reconnoissance of the western wall of the city. —Report of the appointment of commis sioners. — Offer of ransom. —Yan-tse-shan, or Swallow's Nest. — Sickness. —Intercepted despatch. —Correspond ence between the Envoy and Ke-ying. —Disembarkation of troops. — Reconnoitring party. — Major Malcolm's junk. —Night alarm ... Page 132 CHAP. X. Chinese official correspondence. — The pawnbroker of Yangchow.—Conferences with the deputies. —Respect paid to the Imperial edicts. — Excursion along the banks of the canal. — Floods. — Climate. — Thunder-storm. — The bamboo. — First interview with Imperial Commission ers ------ H6 CHAP. XL Trip to the Dido. — Second interview with Commission ers ------ 164 CHAP. xn. Excursion to Nanking. — Mausoleum of the emperors of the Ming dynasty. — Porcelain pagoda. —Description of Nanking. —Return to the fleet. —Visit from the Im perial Commissioners. —Signing of the treaty - 176 chap. xm. The Imperial Commissioners, Ke-ying, Elipoo, and Newking. —Departure from Nanking. — Great size of Yangtze-kiang .-.--. 189
xii CONTENTS. APPENDIX. Imperial edicts Page 201 Porcelain pagoda -203 Treaty of peace -206 Topography of Kiangsu ·208 Notes on the Imperial or Grand Canal by Capt.Grey 225 TO THE BINDER. The map of the Yang-tze-kiang to face page 1. Google
CONTENTS. APPENDIX. Imperial edicts .... Page 201 Porcelain pagoda ..... 203 Treaty of peace ..... 206 Topography of Kiangsii .... 208 Notes on the Imperial or Grand Canal by Capt. Grey 225 TO THE BINDER. The map of the Yang-tze-kiang to face page 1. iI
