上海交通大学：《生物技术与人类》通识课程教学资源（阅读理解）阅读理解_顾乡.doc_大学文库

Bioethanol(Wyman,1996;Roehr 2001),firewood,biogas,biodiesel(Graboski and McCormick,1998)and biohydrogen(Nandi and sengupta,1998)are examples of biofuels.Except for biohydrogen,commercial or pilot experimental use of the other biofuels is already established or emerging. Bioprocessing of biomass to produce industrial chemicals Nearly US$24 billion worth of hydrocarbon feedstocks are used annually in the chemical industry.Hydrocarbon purchases represent the major share of the industry's raw materials costs.As reserves of high-quality fossil fuels are depleted, other renewable sources will need to be found for any hydrocarbon feedstocks that cannot be substituted. Environmental biotechnology Treatment of municipal wastewater by activated sludge method was perhaps the first major use of biotechnology in bioremediation applications.More recently, microorganisms and enzymes have been successfully used in diverse bioremediation applications [4].Biotechnology is already playing a major role in maintaining a clean environment and this role will expand substantially as methods are developed and deployed for bioremediation of all kinds of industrial effluents. Role of transgentic plants and animals Transgenic animals and plants are potentially versatile chemical factories [5]. Compared to their conventional counterparts,transgenic plants offer many advantages,including:superior yields;lower demand for fertilizers and pesticides; better tolerance to adverse environments and pests;improved nutrition and other functional qualities;ability to generate products that a crop does not produce naturally;and reduced cost of production. 3.Article Review/Report It has been my first time to ever read such a long and professional paper,especially in a field that I'm totally new.Fortunately,with the help of TA and some references, I finally went through it and captured an idea of what it was trying to express.After all,it's a research review,so it may somehow seem a bit easier for newbies to understand. Basically,this paper said that biotechnology is a sustainable alternative of chemical

Bioethanol (Wyman, 1996; Roehr 2001), firewood, biogas, biodiesel (Graboski and McCormick, 1998) and biohydrogen (Nandi and sengupta, 1998) are examples of biofuels. Except for biohydrogen, commercial or pilot experimental use of the other biofuels is already established or emerging. ·Bioprocessing of biomass to produce industrial chemicals Nearly US$24 billion worth of hydrocarbon feedstocks are used annually in the chemical industry. Hydrocarbon purchases represent the major share of the industry’s raw materials costs. As reserves of high-quality fossil fuels are depleted, other renewable sources will need to be found for any hydrocarbon feedstocks that cannot be substituted. ·Environmental biotechnology Treatment of municipal wastewater by activated sludge method was perhaps the first major use of biotechnology in bioremediation applications. More recently, microorganisms and enzymes have been successfully used in diverse bioremediation applications [4]. Biotechnology is already playing a major role in maintaining a clean environment and this role will expand substantially as methods are developed and deployed for bioremediation of all kinds of industrial effluents. ·Role of transgentic plants and animals Transgenic animals and plants are potentially versatile chemical factories [5]. Compared to their conventional counterparts, transgenic plants offer many advantages, including: superior yields; lower demand for fertilizers and pesticides; better tolerance to adverse environments and pests; improved nutrition and other functional qualities; ability to generate products that a crop does not produce naturally; and reduced cost of production. 3. Article Review/Report It has been my first time to ever read such a long and professional paper, especially in a field that I’m totally new. Fortunately, with the help of TA and some references, I finally went through it and captured an idea of what it was trying to express. After all, it’s a research review, so it may somehow seem a bit easier for newbies to understand. Basically, this paper said that biotechnology is a sustainable alternative of chemical

industry,as its name suggests,by presenting a comprehensive and detailed application on how this goal is achieved.I've already extracted the main idea of these applications in the highlights part above,for anyone who is interested in that. One branch of these applications that attracts my focus most was the "Bioenergy and Fuels".The reasons are obviously simple since energy is,in some sense,the foundation and basis of human beings.We survived by utilizing the energy from the nature.Thus,when I was first reading this section about bioenergy,I'm immediately absorbed into it.Before that,all I know about the current state of bioenergy using is merely about domestic biogas,bio-ethanol,ect.And after reading this paper,it really opened up the door of a brand new world for me.I didn't realize that the state-of-are bioenergy is so comprehensive and of multi-area until I read it.In addition,the author said that biotechnology is probably the most promising approach that human can achieve sustainable energy exploitation. The other thing I want to talk about is that,through one research review,i sort of get an idea about how wide and deep biotechnology is!Prof.Zhou-our instructor of the course-told us that biotechnology is a comprehensive area composed of many other field such as math,physics,chemistry,computer science,biology,and so on.And I now get an intuition about these words,by reading,looking and finding so many new terms from all sorts of areas in this paper.And it somehow changed my mind about the people who study biology-I think I started to respect them since they had to learn so much stuff before he/she be can referred to as a biology scientist.And,on the other hand,it somehow endorsed the faith that I'm lucky I'm not a Bioman because I think I'd go insane if I had to learn all these things. Finally,I think the author failed to discuss the negative effect of inappropriate biotechnology abuse.From my point of view,I'm sure that there indeed exists a massive victim(both animals and plants)of biotechnology abuse.For example,the agricultural giant company Monsanto once hid the research data that one of their products is actually toxic and insisted on publishing it to the market for considerable profits,causing thousands of people to be sick,ill,and disabled.But maybe this requirement is a bit too demanding since scientist is not responsible for such things.They job is just to tell you the potential side-effect of the new

industry, as its name suggests, by presenting a comprehensive and detailed application on how this goal is achieved. I’ve already extracted the main idea of these applications in the highlights part above, for anyone who is interested in that. One branch of these applications that attracts my focus most was the “Bioenergy and Fuels”. The reasons are obviously simple since energy is, in some sense, the foundation and basis of human beings. We survived by utilizing the energy from the nature. Thus, when I was first reading this section about bioenergy, I’m immediately absorbed into it. Before that, all I know about the current state of bioenergy using is merely about domestic biogas, bio-ethanol, ect. And after reading this paper, it really opened up the door of a brand new world for me. I didn’t realize that the state-of-are bioenergy is so comprehensive and of multi-area until I read it. In addition, the author said that biotechnology is probably the most promising approach that human can achieve sustainable energy exploitation. The other thing I want to talk about is that, through one research review, I sort of get an idea about how wide and deep biotechnology is! Prof. Zhou—our instructor of the course—told us that biotechnology is a comprehensive area composed of many other field such as math, physics, chemistry, computer science, biology, and so on. And I now get an intuition about these words, by reading, looking and finding so many new terms from all sorts of areas in this paper. And it somehow changed my mind about the people who study biology—I think I started to respect them since they had to learn so much stuff before he/she be can referred to as a biology scientist. And, on the other hand, it somehow endorsed the faith that I’m lucky I’m not a Bioman because I think I’d go insane if I had to learn all these things. Finally, I think the author failed to discuss the negative effect of inappropriate biotechnology abuse. From my point of view, I’m sure that there indeed exists a massive victim (both animals and plants) of biotechnology abuse. For example, the agricultural giant company Monsanto once hid the research data that one of their products is actually toxic and insisted on publishing it to the market for considerable profits, causing thousands of people to be sick, ill, and disabled. But maybe this requirement is a bit too demanding since scientist is not responsible for such things. They job is just to tell you the potential side-effect of the new