上海交通大学通识教育立项核心课程 课程名称：生物技术与人类课程号：B1913班级号： F1515005 姓名： 黄犇 学号：515111910053专业：食品科学与工程 阅读与理解 阅读文章名称 Plants to power:bioenergy to fuel the future 得分 Joshua S.Yuan,Kelly H.Tiller,Hani Al-Ahmad,Nathan R.Stewart and C.Neal Stewart Jr.Plants to power:bioenergy to fuel the future. Trends in Plant Science,2008.13(8):p.421-429 中文题目：植物到能源生物能到燃料的未来 姓名：黄犇 单位：农业与生物学院 邮政编码：200240 1.Background The remarkable development of social economy,the effective industrialization of factory production and the rapid growth of motor vehicles in the world have led to a significant increase in energy consumption,[1]of which a large proportion(about 80%) derives from petroleum-derived fuels.[2] The biggest problem we have today to utilize fossil fuel is that they are non-renewable and will be depleted one day.According to the latest BP Statistical Review of World Energy,total global reserves by fossil fuels at current level of production rates would be exhausted as follows:coal-year 2169,petroleum-year 2066,and natural gas-year 2068.[3]And the use of fossil fuels also leads to a series of environmental issues such as global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases and acid rain due to the release of harmful gases.[4] Therefore,other kind of renewable energy resources have been promoted to replace fossil fuels as a viable alternative,among whom bioenergy has been paid great attention to because it is clean,sustainable and cost effective.[5]In theory,there would
上海交通大学通识教育立项核心课程 课程名称： 生物技术与人类 课程号： BI913 班级号： F1515005 姓名： 黄犇 学号： 515111910053 专业： 食品科学与工程 阅读与理解 阅读文章名称 Plants to power: bioenergy to fuel the future 得分 Joshua S. Yuan, Kelly H. Tiller, Hani Al-Ahmad, Nathan R. Stewart and C. Neal Stewart Jr. Plants to power: bioenergy to fuel the future. Trends in Plant Science, 2008. 13(8): p. 421-429 中文题目：植物到能源-生物能到燃料的未来 姓名：黄犇 单位：农业与生物学院 邮政编码：200240 1. Background The remarkable development of social economy, the effective industrialization of factory production and the rapid growth of motor vehicles in the world have led to a significant increase in energy consumption, [1] of which a large proportion (about 80%) derives from petroleum-derived fuels. [2] The biggest problem we have today to utilize fossil fuel is that they are non-renewable and will be depleted one day. According to the latest BP Statistical Review of World Energy, total global reserves by fossil fuels at current level of production rates would be exhausted as follows: coal – year 2169, petroleum – year 2066, and natural gas – year 2068. [3] And the use of fossil fuels also leads to a series of environmental issues such as global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases and acid rain due to the release of harmful gases. [4] Therefore, other kind of renewable energy resources have been promoted to replace fossil fuels as a viable alternative, among whom bioenergy has been paid great attention to because it is clean, sustainable and cost effective. [5] In theory, there would
be no energy crisis if all the bioenergy can be used by human-beings due to the abundance of biomass.However,the use of bioenergy as a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuels largely depends on plant biotechnology breakthroughs.In other words,there are still many challenges in taking full use of bioenergy. This review integrates several of the key components of bioenergy,including feedstock,processing platforms,enabling biotechnologies,ecological effects and economics,to gauge how plant biotechnology might impact bioenergy efficiency and sustainability I have been greatly honored to participate in an IPP led by Prof.Cai(School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University),which mainly focus on the biomass thermochemical conversion.During this process I have learned a few things about bioenergy,which is the reason why I chose this article 2.Highlights The platforms were first illustrated in the essay.In terms of modern bioenergy, ethanol,biodiesel and biogas are the three major bioenergy products.In the industrial production of ethanol,the authors compared two different sources.Although the starch or sucrose fermentation is the most widely used way to obtain ethanol,transformation from lignocellulosic biomass proved to be better at many aspects like sustainability and CO2 balance. Then four kinds of crops-traditional cereal crops,traditional sugar-producing crops, dedicated lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks,and oilseed crops for biodiesel were compared,which can be the feedstocks of bioenergy The third part is bioenergy's environmental,ecological and economic considerations.Net energy balance (NEB)was introduced to choose a bioenergy platform because only a high positive NEB can be considered as economically and environmentally sustainable.As a matter of fact,ethanol and biodiesel are not competitive enough compared to gasoline due to their low NEB. Six biotechnology solutions for bioenergy were introduced at the end of the essay. There are some crucial issues concerning about the bioenergy production,particularly the treatment of lignocellulos.Modification of lignin biosynthesis,preprocessing in
be no energy crisis if all the bioenergy can be used by human-beings due to the abundance of biomass. However, the use of bioenergy as a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuels largely depends on plant biotechnology breakthroughs. In other words, there are still many challenges in taking full use of bioenergy. This review integrates several of the key components of bioenergy, including feedstock, processing platforms, enabling biotechnologies, ecological effects and economics, to gauge how plant biotechnology might impact bioenergy efficiency and sustainability. I have been greatly honored to participate in an IPP led by Prof. Cai (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University), which mainly focus on the biomass thermochemical conversion. During this process I have learned a few things about bioenergy, which is the reason why I chose this article. 2. Highlights The platforms were first illustrated in the essay. In terms of modern bioenergy, ethanol, biodiesel and biogas are the three major bioenergy products. In the industrial production of ethanol, the authors compared two different sources. Although the starch or sucrose fermentation is the most widely used way to obtain ethanol, transformation from lignocellulosic biomass proved to be better at many aspects like sustainability and CO2 balance. Then four kinds of crops- traditional cereal crops, traditional sugar-producing crops, dedicated lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, and oilseed crops for biodiesel were compared, which can be the feedstocks of bioenergy. The third part is bioenergy’s environmental, ecological and economic considerations. Net energy balance (NEB) was introduced to choose a bioenergy platform because only a high positive NEB can be considered as economically and environmentally sustainable. As a matter of fact, ethanol and biodiesel are not competitive enough compared to gasoline due to their low NEB. Six biotechnology solutions for bioenergy were introduced at the end of the essay. There are some crucial issues concerning about the bioenergy production, particularly the treatment of lignocellulos. Modification of lignin biosynthesis, preprocessing in
planta,abiotic stress resistance,increasing biomass production and yield,male sterility and biocontainment and metabolic engineering are some fields remaining to improve As the authors say,"The future of bioenergy will depend on breakthrough technologies.However,the importance of basic research on pathways and genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis,plant development,and metabolite production should not be ignored."I think this is the most aspiring point in this article.We used to put a lot of energy into improve the transformation technology.Most of the researches are focused on the transformation from biomass to fuels.However it is also important to study the genes,proteins and metabolites from different plants and to correlate the features and structures of cell walls for guiding further biotechnology-based feedstock improvements. 3.Review As a student in a lab studying biomass thermochemical conversion,I chose this article to further my study.I mainly worked on the pyrolysis of corn stock,which is also one way to promote the use of bioenergy.Before reading it,the fact that we can change the utilization of biomass at the genetic and cellular level has never occurred to me. Also the authors not only illustrate the technology of bioenergy,but also the economical part,which is relevant to the utilization of the technology on the other side. There were once some obstacles while reading.I have learned a lot during the process.And I am grateful for my teacher giving us this opportunity to broaden our horizons. References [1]X.Wang,H.Wang,J.Xia,J.Zhao and H.Duan,Resources Science,2016,38, 107-112. [2]J.C.Escobar,E.S.Lora,O.J.Venturini,E.E.Yanez,E.F.Castillo and O.Almazan, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13,1275-1287. [3]https://www.bp.com,2018-1-23 [4]X.Zhou and C.Feng,Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142,3174-3183. [5]T.Bridgwater,Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2006,86,1755-1768
planta, abiotic stress resistance, increasing biomass production and yield, male sterility and biocontainment and metabolic engineering are some fields remaining to improve. As the authors say, “The future of bioenergy will depend on breakthrough technologies. However, the importance of basic research on pathways and genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, plant development, and metabolite production should not be ignored.” I think this is the most aspiring point in this article. We used to put a lot of energy into improve the transformation technology. Most of the researches are focused on the transformation from biomass to fuels. However it is also important to study the genes, proteins and metabolites from different plants and to correlate the features and structures of cell walls for guiding further biotechnology-based feedstock improvements. 3. Review As a student in a lab studying biomass thermochemical conversion, I chose this article to further my study. I mainly worked on the pyrolysis of corn stock, which is also one way to promote the use of bioenergy. Before reading it, the fact that we can change the utilization of biomass at the genetic and cellular level has never occurred to me. Also the authors not only illustrate the technology of bioenergy, but also the economical part, which is relevant to the utilization of the technology on the other side. There were once some obstacles while reading. I have learned a lot during the process. And I am grateful for my teacher giving us this opportunity to broaden our horizons. References [1] X. Wang, H. Wang, J. Xia, J. Zhao and H. Duan, Resources Science, 2016, 38, 107-112. [2]J. C. Escobar, E. S. Lora, O. J. Venturini, E. E. Yáñez, E. F. Castillo and O. Almazan, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13, 1275-1287. [3]https://www.bp.com, 2018-1-23. [4]X. Zhou and C. Feng, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 142, 3174-3183. [5]T. Bridgwater, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2006, 86, 1755-1768