第九讲 ● 动词现在时系统的被动态 ● 施事夺格 ● 将来被动形动词：-ndus,-nda,-ndum; Paulus and Lucia(IX) Part1语法 一动词现在时系统的被动语态 1动词现在时系统（现在时、未完成时、将来时）的被动语态的构成： 现在时 现在词千+被动词尾(-or,-ris,-tur;mur,-mini,ntur)。 未完成 现在词千(-bar)+被动词尾 将来时 [1,2]现在词干(-bi-)+被动词尾 [3,4:3/4现在词干(-e-)+被动词尾 现在时（个别例外以黑体标注） 词尾 -0r laud-or mone-or ag-or audi-or capi-or -ris lauda-ris mone-ris ag-eris audi-ris cape-ris -tur lauda-tur mone-tur ag-itur audi-tur capl-tur -mur lauda-mur mone-mur ag-imur audi-mur capi-mur -mini lauda-mini mone-mini ag-imur audi-mur capi-mur -(u)ntur lauda-ntur mone-ntur ag-untur audi-untur capl-untur (注意：红色为音变) 未完成时（时态特征-ba-) -bar lauda-bar mone-bar ag-ebar audi-ebar capi-ebar -baris lauda-baris mone-baris ag-ebaris audi-ebaris capi-ebaris -batur lauda-batur mone-batur ag-ebatur audi-ebatur capi-ebatur -bamur lauda-bamur mone-bamur ag-ebamur audi-ebamur capi-ebamur -bamini lauda-bamini mone-bamini ag-ebamini audi-ebamini capi-ebamini -bantur lauda-bantur mone-bantur ag-ebantur audi-ebantur capi-ebantur 将来时（时态特征[1,2]-bi-:[3,4,3/4]-e,1st单主格音变为-a-) -bor lauda-bor mone-bor ag-ar audi-ar capi-ar -beris lauda-beris mone-beris ag-eris audi-eris capi-eris -bitur lauda-bitur mone-bitur ag-etur audi-etur capi-etur -bimur lauda-bimur mone-bimur ag-emur audi-emur capi-emur -bimini lauda-bimini mone-bimini ag-emini audi-emini capi-emini -buntur lauda-buntur mone-burntur ag-entur audi-entur capi-entur
第九讲 动词现在时系统的被动态 施事夺格 将来被动形动词：-ndus,-nda,-ndum; Paulus and Lucia(IX) Part1 语法 一 动词现在时系统的被动语态 1 动词现在时系统（现在时、未完成时、将来时）的被动语态的构成： 现在时 现在词干+被动词尾（-or, -ris, -tur; -mur, -mini, -ntur）。 未完成 现在词干（-bar）+被动词尾 将来时 [1,2] 现在词干（-bi-）+被动词尾 [3,4；3/4] 现在词干（-e-）+被动词尾 现在时( 个别例外以黑体标注) 词尾 -or laud-or mone-or ag-or audi-or capi-or -ris lauda-ris mone-ris ag-eris audi-ris cape-ris -tur lauda-tur mone-tur ag-itur audi-tur capi-tur -mur lauda-mur mone-mur ag-imur audi-mur capi-mur -mini lauda-mini mone-mini ag-imur audi-mur capi-mur -(u)ntur lauda-ntur mone-ntur ag-untur audi-untur capi-untur (注意：红色为音变) 未完成时(时态特征-ba-) -bar lauda-bar mone-bar ag-ebar audi-ebar capi-ebar -baris lauda-baris mone-baris ag-ebaris audi-ebaris capi-ebaris -batur lauda-batur mone-batur ag-ebatur audi-ebatur capi-ebatur -bamur lauda-bamur mone-bamur ag-ebamur audi-ebamur capi-ebamur -bamini lauda-bamini mone-bamini ag-ebamini audi-ebamini capi-ebamini -bantur lauda-bantur mone-bantur ag-ebantur audi-ebantur capi-ebantur 将来时(时态特征[1,2]-bi-; [3,4,3/4]-e-, 1st 单主格音变为-a-) -bor lauda-bor mone-bor ag-ar audi-ar capi-ar -beris lauda-beris mone-beris ag-eris audi-eris capi-eris -bitur lauda-bitur mone-bitur ag-etur audi-etur capi-etur -bimur lauda-bimur mone-bimur ag-emur audi-emur capi-emur -bimini lauda-bimini mone-bimini ag-emini audi-emini capi-emini -buntur lauda-buntur mone-burntur ag-entur audi-entur capi-entur
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 2 现在时不定式被动态 主动态laudare monere agere audire capere 被动态laudari moneri agi audiri capi 二 施事夺格 被动态动词动作的施事者(agent by whom)由ab加“施事夺格”来表示：完成动作所 借用的手段(means by which)则由无介词的“手段夺格”来表示。 例句 (1)Di Caesarem admonent.the gods are warning Caesar (Di deus pl.nom. admonere=monere Caesar a dis admonetur.Caesar is warned by the gods. Caesar his prodigiis admonetur.Caedar is warned by these omens his abl.hic,haec, hoc this;these,prodigium,prodigi(i)N portent;prodigy,wonder ) (2)Mali viri urbem delebant.evil men were destroying the city.(deleo,delere,delevi, deletum erase,wipe,delete Urbs ab malis viris delebatur.the city was being destroyed by the evil men Urbs flammis delebatur.the city was being destroyed by flames.(flamma-ae fire) (3)Hi cives patriam conservabunt.these citizens will save the country.(patria-ae native land;home,native city;one's country,conservo I keep safe/intact,save Patria ab his civibus conservabitur.the country will be saved by these citizens Patria armis et veritate conservabitur.the country will be saved by arms and truth (amum-i weapon,.veritas,,veritatis3 f truth;注意：verum veri2 n truth,.fact） 三将来被动形动词(gerundives) I将来被动形动词的构成：动词现在时不定式词干十-ndus,-nda,-num 具体说：第1、2变位法动词：不定式词千+-ndus,nda,ndum 第3、4和3/4变位法动词：不定式词干+-endus,enda,endum ama-re ama-ndus-a-um mone-re mone-ndus-a-um ag-ere ag-endus-a-um audi-re audi-endus-a-um cape-re capi-endus-a-um 2意义：将来被动形动词是含有被动态意义的动词性形容词 表示“应当”(should、“义务”(ought)、“必须”(must). 如： Lucia amanda est. Lucia is to be /ought to be loved. Paulus monendus est Paulo is to be/should be warned. 课文中的例句 Nunc ergo ad legendum(VIII-A)So.now we must read:Igere 3 2
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 2 2 现在时不定式被动态 主动态 laudare monere agere audire capere 被动态 laudari moneri agi audiri capi 二 施事夺格 被动态动词动作的施事者（agent by whom）由 ab 加“施事夺格”来表示；完成动作所 借用的手段（means by which）则由无介词的“手段夺格”来表示。 例句 (1) Di Caesarem admonent. the gods are warning Caesar. （ Di deus pl. nom. admonere=monere ） Caesar a dis admonetur. Caesar is warned by the gods. Caesar his prodigiis admonetur. Caedar is warned by these omens ( his abl. hic, haec, hoc this; these, prodigium, prodigi(i) N portent; prodigy, wonder ) ; (2) Mali viri urbem delebant. evil men were destroying the city.( deleo, delere, delevi, deletum erase, wipe, delete ) Urbs ab malis viris delebatur. the city was being destroyed by the evil men Urbs flammis delebatur. the city was being destroyed by flames. (flamma-ae fire) (3) Hi cives patriam conservabunt. these citizens will save the country. (patria-ae native land; home, native city; one's country; conservo 1 keep safe/intact, save ) Patria ab his civibus conservabitur. the country will be saved by these citizens. Patria armis et veritate conservabitur. the country will be saved by arms and truth (armum-i weapon; veritas, veritatis 3 f truth; 注意：verum veri 2 n truth, fact) 三 将来被动形动词（gerundives） 1 将来被动形动词的构成：动词现在时不定式词干＋-ndus, -nda, -ndum 具体说：第 1、2 变位法动词: 不定式词干+-ndus, nda, ndum 第 3、4 和 3/4 变位法动词 : 不定式词干+-endus, enda, endum ama-re ama-ndus-a-um mone-re mone-ndus-a-um ag-ere ag-endus-a-um audi-re audi-endus-a-um cape-re capi-endus-a-um 2 意义：将来被动形动词是含有被动态意义的动词性形容词 表示“应当”(should) 、“义务”(ought) 、“必须”(must) . 如： Lucia amanda est. Lucia is to be /ought to be loved. Paulus monendus est. Paulo is to be / should be warned. 课文中的例句 Nunc ergo ad legendum(VIII-A) So, now we must read; lgere 3
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX Hodie liber est exscribendus (VIII-A)Today the book must/should/ought to be write out. exscribere 3 Nunc exscribendum (IX-A)Now we must do the copying Nunc regula est perficienda(IX)Now the Rule must be finished.perficio,perficere 3/4 3 形动词是形容词，必须与所修饰的名词在性(gender))、数(number)、格(case) 上保持一致；形动词的变格，按三尾形容词-us-a-lm变格 如下例： Opera agenda tasks to be done (opus operis 3 n) Monachus laudandus a monk to be praised (monachus monachi 2 m) Carmen non audiendum a song not to be heard (carmen carmenis 3 n) Liber non legendus the book not to be read (liber libri 2 n revere 4用法 (1)与sum的某种形式连用，作表语：“义务”、“必须”、“必要”，如： Paulus monendus est.Paulo has to be warned. 拉丁语的这一结构又称为“被动迂说法”(periphrastic-.转弯抹角的，迂回的：冗长的，啰嗦 的)。 注意，被动语态重点在强调动作的承受者，而“被动迂说法”则表达一种必须的、强 制的或恰当性的行为。比如id faciendum est的意思并不单单指this is about to be done..而更 是指this has to be done.再如：hic liber cum cura legendus erit强调的是this book will have to be/must be read with care. 注意，形动词要在性数格上与sum的主语保持一致。翻译时常用should,ought,.must (2)与介词ad或与夺格名词causa(缘故)连用：表示目的 Omnes discipuli ad orationem audiendam manerunt.(all students stay in order to listen the speech.manere,stay,oratio,oratioris,3 f.speech:) Ad urbem videndam venit.(He comes to see this city.verbum.-i 2n;video videre vidi visum 2 see) Pacis pectendae causa venerunt.(they came to make for the sake of the peace.pax pacis 3f, peace;peto-ere3 make for:venire的完成词干为ven-) 5施事与格 被动迂说法中需要明确某种“义务”由谁承担，此时，所指的人（名词或人称代词）要 用与格(“施事与格”一注意：被动语态中是“施动者”，用“施事多格”！)，如下例中的vobs Hoc opus vobis faciendum est.(facio-ere 3)This task should to be done by you(pl.), 合英语习惯的译法：You have to be done this task. 再如： Hic liber mihi cum cura legendus erit This book will have to be read by me with care.Or:I will have tol ought to/must/should read this book with care. Illa femina omnibus laudanda est. That woman should be praised by all./Or:everyone should praised that woman
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 3 Hodie liber est exscribendus（VIII-A） Today the book must/should/ought to be write out. exscribere 3 Nunc exscribendum (IX-A) Now we must do the copying Nunc regula est perficienda(IX) Now the Rule must be finished. perficio, perficere 3/4 3 形动词是形容词，必须与所修饰的名词在性(gender)、数(number)、格(case) 上保持一致；形动词的变格，按三尾形容词-us-a-um 变格 如下例： Opera agenda tasks to be done （opus operis 3 n） Monachus laudandus a monk to be praised (monachus monachi 2 m) Carmen non audiendum a song not to be heard (carmen carmenis 3 n) Liber non legendus the book not to be read (liber libri 2 n ) revere 4 用法 （1） 与 sum 的某种形式连用，作表语：“义务”、“必须”、“必要”,如： Paulus monendus est. Paulo has to be warned. 拉丁语的这一结构又称为“被动迂说法”（periphrastic-转弯抹角的，迂回的；冗长的，啰嗦 的）。 注意，被动语态重点在强调动作的承受者，而“被动迂说法”则表达一种必须的、强 制的或恰当性的行为。比如 id faciendum est 的意思并不单单指 this is about to be done. 而更 是指 this has to be done. 再如：hic liber cum cura legendus erit 强调的是 this book will have to be/ must be read with care. 注意，形动词要在性数格上与 sum 的主语保持一致。翻译时常用 should, ought, must. （2） 与介词 ad 或与夺格名词 causa(缘故) 连用：表示目的 Omnes discipuli ad orationem audiendam manerunt. (all students stay in order to listen the speech. manere, stay; oratio, oratioris, 3 f. speech;) Ad urbem videndam venit.(He comes to see this city. verbum.-i 2n; video videre vidi visum 2 see) Pacis pectendae causa venerunt.( they came to make for the sake of the peace. pax pacis 3f, peace; peto-ere 3 make for；venire 的完成词干为 ven-) 5 施事与格 被动迂说法中需要明确某种“义务”由谁承担，此时，所指的人（名词或人称代词）要 用与格（“施事与格”—注意：被动语态中是“施动者”，用“施事多格”！）,如下例中的 vobis Hoc opus vobis faciendum est.( facio-ere 3) This task should to be done by you(pl.)，或更符 合英语习惯的译法：You have to be done this task. 再如： Hic liber mihi cum cura legendus erit. This book will have to be read by me with care. Or: I will have to/ ought to/ must/ should read this book with care. Illa femina omnibus laudanda est. That woman should be praised by all./Or: everyone should praised that woman
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX Part2课文Paulus et Lucia(IX) Regula monachorum Augustinus de Lucia adhuc cogitat:'Tua amica monasterium reliquit,et ex oculis evanuit,'Paulo inquit Augustinus. 'Illa non amica est mea.' Non tua vero?Bene.Ego virginem salutabo.Quis scit?Fortes fortuna adiuvat,ut dicunt poetae.' 'O satis poetarum,Augustine;opus perficere debes.' Dulcis amica,tu es mirabilis,et me Cupido inflammat amore.Carmina tibi,Lucia, dedicabo...vel hoc Propertii:Dum nos fata sinunt,oculos satiemus amore.Vel hoc Catulli:Vivamus mea Lucia atque amemus. Satis carminum,amice!Nunc exscribendum,si tibi placet,silentio.' 'Ignoscas si tibi sum molestus,'inquit Augustinus,et librum spectat.Omnes paginae sunt abbatum monachorumque regulis plenae.Stephanus discipulos duos monachorum regulas exscribere iusserat omnes.'Num totum librum exscribere debeo?'rogavit Augustinus. 'Ita vero,'respondit Paulus,et Augustinus tandem scribere incipit:I....Dominum Deum diligere.II...Non occidere.III.Non adulterare.IV....Non facere furtum.V.... Mortuum sepelire.VI...Iniuriam non facere.VII....Inimicos diligere.VIII....Non falsum testimonium dicere.IX...Nudum vestire.X....Infirmum visitare.XI...Non esse superbum.XII....Invidiam non exercere.XIII....Castitatem amare.XIV....Non esse vinolentum....'Io Benedicte!'et cantat:Bibat ille,bibat ilia,bibat servus et ancilla.' Vocabula nova adiuvat (s/he)helps dulcis,dulce,dulcior -or -us,adj.pleasant,charming; adjuvo-are help,aid;ad+juvare sweet;kind,dear;flattering,delightful adultero-are I commit adultery evanuit (s/he)has vanished amemus sub.let us love evanesco-ere,evanui 3 vanish bibat sub.let [him/her]drink exerceo-ere,exercui,exercitum 2 exercise,train bib-ere,bibi,bibitum 3 drink fatum-i[n]fate castitas-tatis [f]chastity fortes acc.pl the braves Catullus-i Catullus fors,fortis 3n [F]chance;luck,fortune cogito-are think fortis,forte,fortior -or-us,adj.brave,bold; Cupido-inis Cupid furtum-i[n]theft,furtive adj. debes you ought to hoc this debeo,debere,debui,debitum owe;be indebted incipit (s/he)begins dedicabo I shall dedicate infirmus-a-um sick dedico-are dedicate/devote/apply/commit(to) inflammo-are 1 to inflame diligo-ere dilexi,dilectum to love inimicus-i [m]enemy dominus-i[m]owner,lord iniuria-ae [f]harm,injure dum while,as long as invidia-ae [f]grudge,jealousy duleis 3 adj sweet iusserat (s/he)had ordered
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 4 Part2 课文 Paulus et Lucia（IX） Regula monachorum Augustinus de Lucia adhuc cogitat: ‘Tua amica monasterium reliquit, et ex oculis evanuit, ’Paulo inquit Augustinus. ‘Illa non amica est mea.’ ‘Non tua vero? Bene. Ego virginem salutabo. Quis scit? Fortes fortuna adiuvat, ut dicunt poetae.’ ‘O satis poetarum, Augustine; opus perficere debes.’ ‘Dulcis amica, tu es mirabilis, et me Cupido inflammat amore. Carmina tibi, Lucia, dedicabo... vel hoc Propertii: Dum nos fata sinunt, oculos satiemus amore. Vel hoc Catulli: Vivamus mea Lucia atque amemus.’ ‘Satis carminum, amice! Nunc exscribendum, si tibi placet, silentio.’ ‘Ignoscas si tibi sum molestus,’ inquit Augustinus, et librum spectat. Omnes paginae sunt abbatum monachorumque regulis plenae. Stephanus discipulos duos monachorum regulas exscribere iusserat omnes. ‘Num totum librum exscribere debeo?’ rogavit Augustinus. ‘Ita vero,’ respondit Paulus, et Augustinus tandem scribere incipit: I.... Dominum Deum diligere. II... Non occidere. III.... Non adulterare. IV.... Non facere furtum. V.... Mortuum sepelire. VI...Iniuriam non facere. VII.... Inimicos diligere. VIII.... Non falsum testimonium dicere. IX... Nudum vestire. X.... Infirmum visitare.XI... Non esse superbum. XII.... Invidiam non exercere. XIII....Castitatem amare. XIV.... Non esse vinolentum.... ‘Io Benedicte!’ et cantat: ‘Bibat ille, bibat ilia, bibat servus et ancilla.’ Vocabula nova adiuvat (s/he) helps adjuvo-are help, aid; ad+juvare adultero-are 1 commit adultery amemus sub. let us love bibat sub. let [him/her] drink bib-ere, bibi, bibitum 3 drink castitas-tatis [f] chastity Catullus-i Catullus cogito-are think Cupido-inis Cupid debes you ought to debeo, debere, debui, debitum owe; be indebted dedicabo I shall dedicate dedico-are dedicate/devote/apply/commit (to) diligo-ere dilexi, dilectum to love dominus-i [m] owner, lord dum while, as long as dulcis 3 adj sweet dulcis, dulce, dulcior -or -us, adj. pleasant, charming; sweet; kind, dear; flattering, delightful evanuit (s/he) has vanished evanesco-ere, evanui 3 vanish exerceo-ere, exercui, exercitum 2 exercise, train fatum-i [n] fate fortes acc.pl the braves fors, fortis 3n [F]chance; luck, fortune fortis, forte, fortior -or -us, adj. brave, bold; furtum-i [n] theft, furtive adj. hoc this incipit (s/he) begins infirmus-a-um sick inflammo-are 1 to inflame inimicus-i [m] enemy iniuria-ae [f] harm, injure invidia-ae [f] grudge, jealousy iusserat (s/he) had ordered
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX meus-a-um my scit (s/he)knows mirabilis-is,mirabile wonderful.marvelous sepelire to bury molestus-a-um troublesome sepelio-ire-ivi-tum 4 nudus-a-um adj nude;bare,stripped silentio abl. occidere to kill silentium-i [n]silence occido-ere,occidi,occisum 3 kill sinunt (they)allow oculus-i[m]eye sino-ere,sivi,situm 3 allow,permit; pagina--ae[日page superbus-a-um proud placeo-ere 2 please tandem at last Propertius-i Propertius testimonium-ifn]testimony:evidence:witness perficere,perficio 3-io complete tu [nom.]you reliquit (s/he)has left tuus-a-um your rogavit (s/he)asked vestire to clothe salutabo I shall greet vestio-ire,vestivi,vestitum 4 clothe saluto-are greet;salute; vinolentus-a-um fond of booze satiemus sub.let us fill visito-are,I visit satio-are 1 satisfy,fill vivamus let us live satis enough vivo,vivere,vixi,victus 3 be alive,live Commentari 1 Fortes fortuna adiuvat,ancient Latin proverb:Fortune favours the bold/Fortune favours the brave/Fortune helps the brave/Fortune favours the strong:Fortes fortis acc.pl 2Osatis poetarum,Enough of the poets satis+gen.pl 3 opus perficere debes,.you must finish the work.debere+补充不定式perficere 4 Sextus Aurelius Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet who was born around 50-45 BC in Mevania(though other cities of Umbria also claim this dignity-Hespillus,Ameria,Perusia,Assisium)and died shortly after 15 BC. Dum nos fata sinunt,oculos satiemus amore;nox tibi longa venit,nec reditura dies (Elegiae II-15-23,24) While the fates allow us,let us please for fill)our eyes with love;the night comes long for you,and day will not return sino-sinere:allow,permit;satiemus satio-are fill,satisfy;satiemus(subjunctive) 5 Gaius Valerius Catullus(ca.84 BC-ca.54 BC)was a Roman poet of the Ist century BC.His surviving works are still read widely,and continue to influence poetry and other forms of art. 6 Vivamus,.mea Lucia,atque amemus let us live,let us love.Vivamus vivo-ere(3)的虚拟式，amemus amare 的虚拟式 原诗：Vivamus mea Lesbia atque amemus Catulus5-l见pl00 7 Satis carminum enough ofsongs,Carmen cameinis carminum(pl.gen.) 8 exscribendum形动词：gerundives 9 sitibiplacet:if it pleased to you;si-if clauce见pl75事实条件句：所设条件为事实，此时主句与从句都为 直陈式； Ignoscas si tibi sum molestus Sorry if I'm troublesome to you 10 Omnes paginae sunt abbatum monachorumque regulis plenae:sunt plenae regulis(pl.abl.)the whole pages are full of the regulars of the abbot and monks 11 monachorum regulae 1 Dominum Deum diligere-Love the lord God. 5
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 5 meus-a-um my mirabilis-is, mirabile wonderful, marvelous molestus-a-um troublesome nudus-a-um adj nude; bare, stripped occidere to kill occido-ere, occidi, occisum 3 kill oculus-i [m] eye pagina-ae [f] page placeo-ere 2 please Propertius-i Propertius perficere, perficio 3-io complete reliquit (s/he) has left rogavit (s/he) asked salutabo I shall greet saluto-are greet; salute; satiemus sub. let us fill satio- are 1 satisfy, fill satis enough scit (s/he) knows sepelire to bury sepelio-ire-ivi-tum 4 silentio abl. silentium-i [n] silence sinunt (they) allow sino-ere, sivi, situm 3 allow, permit; superbus-a-um proud tandem at last testimonium-i[n] testimony; evidence; witness tu [nom.] you tuus-a-um your vestire to clothe vestio-ire, vestivi, vestitum 4 clothe vinolentus-a-um fond of booze visito-are, 1 visit vivamus let us live vivo, vivere, vixi, victus 3 be alive, live Commentari 1 Fortes fortuna adiuvat，ancient Latin proverb: Fortune favours the bold/Fortune favours the brave/Fortune helps the brave/ Fortune favours the strong；Fortes fortis acc. pl 2 O satis poetarum, Enough of the poets satis + gen.pl 3 opus perficere debes, you must finish the work. debere+补充不定式 perficere 4 Sextus Aurelius Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet who was born around 50–45 BC in Mevania (though other cities of Umbria also claim this dignity—Hespillus, Ameria, Perusia, Assisium) and died shortly after 15 BC. Dum nos fata sinunt, oculos satiemus amore; nox tibi longa venit, nec reditura dies (Elegiae II-15-23,24) While the fates allow us, let us please (or fill) our eyes with love; the night comes long for you, and day will not return. sino-sinere：allow, permit; satiemus satio-are fill, satisfy; satiemus 虚拟式（subjunctive） 5 Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca. 84 BC – ca. 54 BC) was a Roman poet of the 1st century BC. His surviving works are still read widely, and continue to influence poetry and other forms of art. 6 Vivamus, mea Lucia , atque amemus let us live, let us love. Vivamus vivo-ere（3）的虚拟式，amemus amare 的虚拟式 原诗：Vivamus mea Lesbia atque amemus Catulus 5-1 见 p100 7 Satis carminum enough of songs; Carmen cameinis carminum(pl. gen.) 8 exscribendum 形动词：gerundives 9 si tibi placet : if it pleased to you ; si-if clauce 见 p175 事实条件句：所设条件为事实，此时主句与从句都为 直陈式; Ignoscas si tibi sum molestus Sorry if I’m troublesome to you 10 Omnes paginae sunt abbatum monachorumque regulis plenae : sunt plenae regulis(pl. abl.) the whole pages are full of the regulars of the abbot and monks 11 monachorum regulae 1 Dominum Deum diligere– Love the lord God
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 2 Non occidere-Do not kill. 3 Non adulterare-Do not commit adultery. 4 Non facere furtum-No thieving. 5 Mortuum sepelire-Bury the dead. 6 Iniuriam non facere-Cause no injury. 7 Inimicos diligere-Love your enemies. 8.Non falsum testimonium dicere-Do not bear false witness 9 Nudum vestire-Clothe the naked. 10 Infirmum visitare-Visit the sick 11 Non esse superbum-Do not be proud. 12 Invidiam non exercere-Harbour no grudge 13 Castitatem amare-Enjoy chastity. 14 Non esse vinolentum-Do not have an appetite for wine 12 Bibat ille,bibat illa, bibat servus et ancilla, bibat hera,bibat herus, ad bibendum nemo serus. Ohe,libelle! Nunc Paulus opere perfecto abiit,sed Augmstinus adhuc scribit: .....XXVII...diem iudicii timere.XXVIII...veritatem ex corde et ore proferre.XXIX... nihil amori Christi praeponere.XXX...honorare omnes homines.XXXI...dolum in corde non tenere.XXXII...contentionem non amare...'...scribere est difficile,'inquit,et carmen Martialis murmurat:'Ohe,iam satis est,ohe,libelle,'nec multo post obdormit. Eho!Ubi est regula?'clamat Stephanus,'Dormis-ne,Augustine?'et e somno Augustinum excitat. Regula?Immo,o Domine,non dormio.' Nunc regula est perficienda!' Ita vero Pater Stephane.Cogitabam de regulis.' 'Cogitabas an dormiebas?' Ignoscas,Domine.Ego fessus sum.'Subito Stephanus et Augustinus horrendum clamorem audiunt.Unus ex monachis in monasterio magna voce ululare incipit. 'Quis est ille?Audivisti-ne?'Stephanus ad fenestram festinavit.'Illic Theodorus e silva currit.Cur Theodorus territus est?'et Stephanus celeriter bibliothecam reliquit. Vocabula nova abiit (s/he)went away contentio-nis [f]dispute,competition abeo,abire,abivi(ii),abitum cor-dis [n]3 heart eo irreg.iir perf. currit (s/he)runs audivisti you heard perf. curro-ere 3 run audio-ire 4 de [+abl.]about clamor-is [m]shout,cry dolus-i [m]deceit cogitabam,cogitabas I was thinking,you... dormiebas you were sleeping cogito-are 1 dormio-ire 4 6
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 6 2 Non occidere– Do not kill. 3 Non adulterare– Do not commit adultery. 4 Non facere furtum– No thieving. 5 Mortuum sepelire– Bury the dead. 6 Iniuriam non facere– Cause no injury. 7 Inimicos diligere– Love your enemies. 8. Non falsum testimonium dicere -Do not bear false witness. 9 Nudum vestire– Clothe the naked. 10 Infirmum visitare – Visit the sick. 11 Non esse superbum– Do not be proud. 12 Invidiam non exercere – Harbour no grudge. 13 Castitatem amare– Enjoy chastity. 14 Non esse vinolentum– Do not have an appetite for wine …… 12 Bibat ille, bibat illa, bibat servus et ancilla, bibat hera, bibat herus, ad bibendum nemo serus. Ohe, libelle! Nunc Paulus opere perfecto abiit, sed Augmstinus adhuc scribit: ..... XXVII... diem iudicii timere. XXVIII... veritatem ex corde et ore proferre. XXIX... nihil amori Christi praeponere. XXX... honorare omnes homines. XXXI... dolum in corde non tenere. XXXII... contentionem non amare... ‘...scribere est difficile, ’inquit, et carmen Martialis murmurat: ‘Ohe, iam satis est, ohe, libelle,’ nec multo post obdormit. ‘Eho! Ubi est regula?’ clamat Stephanus, ‘Dormis-ne, Augustine?’ et e somno Augustinum excitat. ‘Regula? Immo, o Domine, non dormio.’ ‘Nunc regula est perficienda!’ ‘Ita vero Pater Stephane. Cogitabam de regulis.’ ‘Cogitabas an dormiebas?’ ‘Ignoscas, Domine. Ego fessus sum.’ Subito Stephanus et Augustinus horrendum clamorem audiunt. Unus ex monachis in monasterio magna voce ululare incipit. ‘Quis est ille? Audivisti-ne?’ Stephanus ad fenestram festinavit. ‘Illic Theodorus e silva currit. Cur Theodorus territus est?’ et Stephanus celeriter bibliothecam reliquit. Vocabula nova abiit (s/he) went away abeo, abire, abivi(ii), abitum eo irreg. iir perf. audivisti you heard perf. audio-ire 4 clamor-is [m] shout, cry cogitabam, cogitabas I was thinking, you ... cogito-are 1 contentio-nis [f] dispute, competition cor-dis [n] 3 heart currit (s/he) runs curro- ere 3 run de [+abl.] about dolus-i [m] deceit dormiebas you were sleeping dormio-ire 4
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX dormio,dormis I,you sleep ohe woa excito-are 1 wake,arouse opere perfecto abs.abl.with the task completed honoro-are honour opus operis 3 task;perfectus-a-um completed horrend-us-a-um fearful,horrible os,oris [n]3 mouth iam now,already praeponere to prefer immo no,on the contrary praepono-ere 3 iudicium-i [n]trial,judgment proferre to put forward libellus-i [m]little book profero,proferre, murmuro-are 1 murmur scribit (s/he)writes nee multo post not long,afterwards somnus-i [m]sleep nihil nom/acc.nothing else than ululo-are howl obdormit (s/he)falls asleep veritas-tatis [f]truth obdormio-ire 4 vox,vocis [f]voice Commentari 1 abiit eo ire ii go不规则动词it完成时 2 opere perfecto abl.opus-operis 3 perfectus 3 nihil nom.lacc.nothing else than/nothing but 4 amori Christi amor amoris amori dat.Chrisrus-i 5 libelle呼格libellus a littlebook 6 nunc regula est perficienda now the rule must be finished,perficienda perficio-ere perficiendus 7 cogitabam I was contemplating 8 horrendum horreo-ere fear形动词 9 audivisti-ne did you hear it.audivisti perfect form 10 monachorum regulae 27 viginti septem-diem iudicii timere Fear the day of judgement. 28 duodetriginta-veritatem ex corde et ore proferre Offer the truth from your heart and from your mouth 29 undetriginta-nihil amori Christi praeponere Prefer nothing to the love of Christ. 30 triginta-honorare omnes homines Honour all men. 31 triginta unus-dolum in corde non tenere Do not conceal deceit in your heart. 32 triginta duo-contentionem non amare Do not enjoy strife..... inimicus inimici mei amicus meus est"or rather"the enemy of my enemy is my friend
CAPITVLVM NONVM CAP.IX 7 dormio, dormis I, you sleep excito-are 1 wake, arouse honoro-are honour horrend-us-a-um fearful, horrible iam now, already immo no, on the contrary iudicium-i [n] trial, judgment libellus-i [m] little book murmuro-are 1 murmur nec multo post not long, afterwards nihil nom/acc. nothing else than obdormit (s/he) falls asleep obdormio- ire 4 ohe woa opere perfecto abs. abl. with the task completed opus operis 3 task; perfectus-a-um completed os, oris [n] 3 mouth praeponere to prefer praepono-ere 3 proferre to put forward profero, proferre, scribit (s/he) writes somnus-i [m] sleep ululo-are howl veritas-tatis [f] truth vox, vocis [f] voice Commentari 1 abiit eo ire ii go 不规则动词 iit 完成时 2 opere perfecto abl. opus-operis 3 perfectus 3 nihil nom./acc. nothing else than/ nothing but 4 amori Christi amor amoris amori dat. Chrisrus –i 5 libelle 呼格 libellus a littlebook 6 nunc regula est perficienda now the rule must be finished; perficienda perficio –ere perficiendus 形动词 7 cogitabam I was contemplating 8 horrendum horreo-ere fear 形动词 9 audivisti-ne did you hear it. audivisti perfect form 10 monachorum regulae 27 viginti septem –diem iudicii timere Fear the day of judgement. 28 duodetriginta –veritatem ex corde et ore proferre Offer the truth from your heart and from your mouth. 29 undetriginta –nihil amori Christi praeponere Prefer nothing to the love of Christ. 30 triginta –honorare omnes homines Honour all men. 31 triginta unus –dolum in corde non tenere Do not conceal deceit in your heart. 32 triginta duo –contentionem non amare Do not enjoy strife ….. inimicus inimici mei amicus meus est” or rather “the enemy of my enemy is my friend