上海交通大学：《拉丁语》课程教学资源_第十二讲.pdf_大学文库

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII 3 2 被动态虚拟式（被动词尾 r, ris, ur; mur, mini, ntur）动词 lauda-re, mone-re, ag-ere, audi-re, cape-re 被动态四个时式的变位示例现在时（praesens） laude-r laude-ris laude-tur monea-r monea-ris monea-tur aga-r aga-ris aga-tur audia-r audia-ris audia-tur capia-r capia-ris capia-tur laude-mur laude-mini laude-ntur monea-mur monea-mini monea-ntur aga-mur aga-mini aga-ntur audia-mur audia-mini audia-ntur capia-mur capia-mini capia-ntur (不定式词干+特征元音：-e, -a, -a, -ia+被动人称词尾：-r, -ris,-tut; -mur, -mini, -ntur) 未完成过去时（imperfectum） laudare-r laudare-ris laudare-tur monere-r monere-ris monere-tur agere-r agere-ris agere-tur audire-r audire-ris audire-tur capere-r capere-ris capere-tur laudare-mur laudare-mini laudare-ntur monere-mur monere-mini monere-ntur agere-mur agere-mini agere-ntur audire-mur audire-mini audire-ntur capere-mur capere-mini capere-ntur (不定式+被动人称词尾：-r, -ris,-tut; -mur, -mini, -ntur) 完成时（perfectum） laudat-us sim laudat-us sis laudat-us sit monit-us sim monit-us sis monit-us sit act-us sim act-us sis act-us sit audit-us sim audit-us sis audit-us sit capt-us sim capt-us sis capt-us sit laudati simus laudati sitis laudati sint monit-i simus monit-i sitis monit-i sint acti simus acti sitis acti sint auditi simus auditi sitis auditi sint capti simus capti sitis capti sint (目的分词词干+ us/i + sum 现在时虚拟式) 过去完成时（plusquamperfectum） laudat-us essem laudat-us esses laudat-us esset monit-us essem monit-us esses monit-us esset act-us essem act-us esses act-us esset audit-us essem audit-us esses audit-us esset capt-us essem capt-us esses capt-us esset laudati essemus laudati essetis laudati essent moniti essemus moniti essetis moniti essent acti essemus acti essetis acti essent auditi essemus auditi essetis auditi essent capti essemus capti essetis capti essent (目的分词词干+ us/i + sum 未完成虚拟式)

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII Let us not do this 三Si-从句：条件从句(propositio conditionalis) 1语法构成 (1)前提句(protasis),即从句，通常由si,f或nisi,fnol,nless来引导，陈述一种假设性的活动或状况： (2)结论句(apodosis),即主句，通常表达如果前提为真，所实现的预期结果。条件从句有六种基本句型。三种为直陈式，另外三种为虚拟式。直陈式条件句用于前提句更有可能实现的情况，虚拟式则用于前提句不大可能实现，或者前提句和结论句都与事实相反的情况。 2直陈式条件句 (1)Si id facit,prudens est.If he is doing thisfand it is quite possible that he is].he is wise. 句和主句动词都使用现在时直陈式，动词按照现在时直陈式来翻译。 (2)Si id fecit,prudens fuit.If he did this[and quite possibly he did,he was wise.从句和主句都使用过去时（未完成时或完成时）直陈式：动词均按照过去时直陈式来翻译。 (3)Si id faciet,prudens erit.If he does thisfand quite possibly he will☑，he will be wise.从句和主句都使用将来时直陈式：前提句动词按照现在时直陈式来翻译，结论中动词按照将来时翻译。 facio,facere,feci,factum 3-io facit pres.fecit imperf.faciet fut. sum,esse,fui futurm est pres.,erat imperf.fuit perf.,erit fut. 3虚拟式条件句直陈式条件句着眼于可能性的事实，虚拟条件句则着眼于理想中的情况，而非事实，它所描述的要么是不大可能实现的情况（可能性较小的将来”future less vivid),要么是与现在正在发生或者过去己经发生的事情相反的情况。 (1)Si id facret,prudens esset.If he were dong this,but in fact he is notl,he would be wise. 和主句都使用未完成时虚拟式：用were.(.ing),would(be)翻译。 (2)Si id fecisset,prudens fuisset.If he had done this[but he did not].he whould have been wisefbut he was not.从句和主句都使用过去完成时虚拟式：用助动词had,would have翻译。 (3)Si id faciat,prudens sit.If he should do this[and he may.or he may notl.he would be wsie. 从句和主句都使用现在时虚拟式：用should.,would翻译

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII 5 Let us not do this. 三 Si-从句：条件从句（propositio conditionalis） 1 语法构成 (1) 前提句(protasis)，即从句，通常由 si, if 或 nisi, if not, unless 来引导，陈述一种假设性的活动或状况；（2）结论句(apodosis)，即主句，通常表达如果前提为真，所实现的预期结果。条件从句有六种基本句型。三种为直陈式，另外三种为虚拟式。直陈式条件句用于前提句更有可能实现的情况，虚拟式则用于前提句不大可能实现，或者前提句和结论句都与事实相反的情况。 2 直陈式条件句（1）Si id facit, prudens est. If he is doing this[and it is quite possible that he is], he is wise. 从句和主句动词都使用现在时直陈式，动词按照现在时直陈式来翻译。（2） Si id fecit, prudens fuit. If he did this[and quite possibly he did], he was wise. 从句和主句都使用过去时（未完成时或完成时）直陈式；动词均按照过去时直陈式来翻译。（3）Si id faciet, prudens erit. If he does this[and quite possibly he will], he will be wise. 从句和主句都使用将来时直陈式；前提句动词按照现在时直陈式来翻译，结论中动词按照将来时翻译。 facio, facere, feci, factum 3-io facit pres. fecit imperf. faciet fut. sum, esse, fui futurm est pres. , erat imperf. fuit perf., erit fut. 3 虚拟式条件句直陈式条件句着眼于可能性的事实,虚拟条件句则着眼于理想中的情况,而非事实,它所描述的要么是不大可能实现的情况(―可能性较小的将来‖future less vivid), 要么是与现在正在发生或者过去已经发生的事情相反的情况。（1）Si id facret, prudens esset. If he were dong this,[but in fact he is not], he would be wise. 从句和主句都使用未完成时虚拟式；用 were …(..ing), would(be) 翻译。（2）Si id fecisset, prudens fuisset. If he had done this[but he did not], he whould have been wise[but he was not]. 从句和主句都使用过去完成时虚拟式；用助动词 had..., would have 翻译。（3）Si id faciat, prudens sit. If he should do this[and he may, or he may not], he would be wsie. 从句和主句都使用现在时虚拟式；用 should...., would 翻译

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII Si tibi placet,rursum regulam monachorum exscribam.If it pleases you,I shall write out the rule of the monks again. placet sub.placare 1;exscribam sub.exscribere 3 Sed si vos iterum susurrantes in ecclesia videbo,ambo verberandi eritis.But if I see you whispering once more in the church,you will both be beaten. videbo pre.fut.videre;eritis pre.fut.will be Part2课文Paulus and Lucia(XI) Si munimentum quaeris,circumspice Adhuc abbas in ecclesia praedicabat:...Hic,in ecclesia,ubi sedemus,ubi oramus,ubi Deum laudamus,est vestra securitas.Si igitur munimentum quaeritis,circumspicite. Ecce tectum!Ecce magni muri!Hic in ecclesia vos curavimus,nunc vos curamus,et post mortem animas vestras semper curabimus.Aedificatum lapidibus monasterium centum annos hic stetit et hic stabit annos mille!Hic sunt omnia tuta.Quod vestras animas illud vestras res custodire potest.Iterum vobis dico:in ecclesia non solum animae sed etiam res sunt tutae.Scitis-ne cur haec dicam?Rumores quosdam audivimus,non quidem confirmatos,sed tamen referendos.Nihil nos vidimus.Alieni-ne in silvis adfuerunt?Vidit-ne alienos in silva Theodorus?Quis nunc dicere potest?Theodorum miserum!Theodorus saltem in caelo cum angelis requiescit.Cras,ergo,si vultis esse securi,boves oves equi mulique in monasterii agros adducendi sunt.Si vobis placet, etiam res vestras in monasterio relinquatis.Vel autem,si mavultis,res vestras retinere licet,sed cavete.' Vocabula nova aedificatus-a-um built cras ady tomorrow aedificatio-onis [f] hodie today,here yesterday aedifico-are build curo-are [acc]care for alienus-i [m]stranger custodio-ire guard,watch over alien n.外侨；ad.外国的，相异的 custody n.保管 angelus-i [m]angel haec [n.pl.]these things bos-vis [m/f]ox hic here bovine ad.迟钝的，牛的，耐心的 lapis-idis [m]stone bovine vaccine n.牛痘苗 lapicide n.石工，石匠，碑文雕刻工 cavete imp.take care licet it is permitted cavere liceo-ere 2 make a bid centum hundred licence n.执照，许可证，特许 circumspicite imp.look around mavultis you prefer circumspictere malo malle malui to wish,prefer old form:mavolo) confirmatus-a-um confirmed mille thousand

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII 7 Si tibi placet, rursum regulam monachorum exscribam. If it pleases you, I shall write out the rule of the monks again. placet sub. placare 1 ; exscribam sub. exscribere 3 Sed si vos iterum susurrantes in ecclesia videbo, ambo verberandi eritis. But if I see you whispering once more in the church, you will both be beaten. videbo pre. fut. videre; eritis pre. fut. will be Part 2 课文 Paulus and Lucia(XII) Si munimentum quaeris, circumspice Adhuc abbas in ecclesia praedicabat: ‘... Hic, in ecclesia, ubi sedemus, ubi oramus, ubi Deum laudamus, est vestra securitas. Si igitur munimentum quaeritis, circumspicite. Ecce tectum! Ecce magni muri! Hic in ecclesia vos curavimus, nunc vos curamus, et post mortem animas vestras semper curabimus. Aedificatum lapidibus monasterium centum annos hic stetit et hic stabit annos mille! Hic sunt omnia tuta. Quod vestras animas illud vestras res custodire potest. Iterum vobis dico: in ecclesia non solum animae sed etiam res sunt tutae. Scitis-ne cur haec dicam? Rumores quosdam audivimus, non quidem confirmatos, sed tamen referendos. Nihil nos vidimus. Alieni-ne in silvis adfuerunt? Vidit-ne alienos in silva Theodorus? Quis nunc dicere potest? Theodorum miserum! Theodorus saltem in caelo cum angelis requiescit. Cras, ergo, si vultis esse securi, boves oves equi mulique in monasterii agros adducendi sunt. Si vobis placet, etiam res vestras in monasterio relinquatis. Vel autem, si mavultis, res vestras retinere licet, sed cavete.’ Vocabula nova aedificatus-a-um built aedificatio-onis [f] aedifico-are build alienus-i [m] stranger alien n. 外侨; adj.外国的, 相异的 angelus-i [m] angel bos-vis [m/f] ox bovine adj. 迟钝的, 牛的, 耐心的 bovine vaccine n.牛痘苗 cavete imp. take care cavere centum hundred circumspicite imp. look around circumspictere confirmatus-a-um confirmed cras adv tomorrow hodie today; here yesterday curo-are [+ acc] care for custodio-ire guard, watch over custody n. 保管 haec [n.pl.] these things hic here lapis-idis [m] stone lapicide n. 石工,石匠,碑文雕刻工 licet it is permitted liceo-ere 2 make a bid licence n. 执照, 许可证, 特许 mavultis you prefer malo malle malui to wish, prefer ( old form: mavolo) mille thousand

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII munimentum-i [n]protection relinquo,relinquere,reliqui,relictum 3 murus-i [m]wall relinquish v.放弃 mural adj.墙壁上的，n.壁画，壁饰 requiesco-ere requievi,requietum 3 rest non solum...sed etiam requiescat in pace[拉]愿灵魂安眠（基督教徒墓 not only...but also 碑用语，略RI.P) ovis-is [f]sheep (祈祷)愿死者灵魂安息 ovine adj.绵羊的 res,rei [f]things,possessions placet it pleases retineo-ere retinui,retentum 3 to hold,keep back placeo-ere +dat saltem at least praedicabat securitas-tatis [f]peace of mind praedico-are-avi-atum 1 proclaim/declare security quaero-ere seek securus-a-um sure,secure quaere n.询问，问题v.请问 sto-are,steti statum I stand quaeritis 2 pl. tectum-i [n]ceiling quaero-ere,quaesivi,quaesitum 3search for,seek tectum n.[解]顶盖 quidem indeed tutus-a-um safe quod...illud that which....that... vester-tra-trum adj.your quosdam certain,unspecified vos,vobis [dat]you (pl.) re-fero,referre,rettuli,relatum 3 to carry or bring back;report relinquatis you may leave: Commentari 1 Hic,in ecclesia,ubi sedemus,ubi oramus,ubi Deum laudamus,est vestra securitas Here,in the church,where we are sitting,where we pray.where we praise God,is your safety sedeo-ere sit,,oro-are pray,laudao-are praise句子中三个动词都是we are doing vester,vestra,vestrum your(pl.),of/belonging to;securitas阴性名词 2 Si igitur munimentum quaeritis,,circumspicite So if)ou seek protection,look around)you.真实条件句：从句动词用直陈式quaero-.ere quaeritis pl..(you seek),课文中还有： si vultis esse securi ifyou want to feel secure,velle vultis; si vobis placet if it pleases to you(vobis vos的夺格)： si mavultis if you prefer 3 Hic in ecclesia vos curavimus,nunc vos curamus,et post mortem animas vestras semper curabimus.Here in the church we have looked after you,we look after you now.and we always shall look after your soul after your death. curo-are care for,curavimus完成时curamus现在时curabimus将来时拉丁语的修辞特点：curavimus,.curamus,curabimus 4 Aedificatum lapidibus monasterium centum annos hic stetit et hic stabit annos mille The monastery,built with stones,has stood here for a hundred years,and will stand here for a thousand years aedificatum被动态完成时分词目的分词词千+-us,a,-um aedifico-are-avi-atum,aedificat-us,-a,-um lapidibus夺格 sto-are steti stetit完成时stabit将来时 8

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII 8 munimentum-i [n] protection murus-i [m] wall mural adj. 墙壁上的;n. 壁画, 壁饰 non solum... sed etiam not only... but also ovis-is [f] sheep ovine adj. 绵羊的 placet it pleases placeo-ere +dat praedicabat praedico-are-avi-atum 1 proclaim/declare quaero-ere seek quaere n. 询问, 问题 v. 请问 quaeritis 2 pl. quaero-ere, quaesivi, quaesitum 3search for, seek quidem indeed quod... illud that which.... that... quosdam certain, unspecified re-fero, referre, rettuli, relatum 3 to carry or bring back; report relinquatis you may leave; relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum 3 relinquish v. 放弃 requiesco-ere requievi, requietum 3 rest requiescat in pace [拉] 愿灵魂安眠(基督教徒墓碑用语, 略 R. I. P.) (祈祷)愿死者灵魂安息 res, rei [f] things, possessions retineo-ere retinui, retentum 3 to hold, keep back saltem at least securitas-tatis [f] peace of mind security securus-a-um sure, secure sto-are, steti statum 1 stand tectum-i [n] ceiling tectum n. [解]顶盖 tutus-a-um safe vester-tra-trum adj. your vos, vobis [dat] you (pl.) Commentari 1 Hic, in ecclesia, ubi sedemus, ubi oramus, ubi Deum laudamus, est vestra securitas Here, in the church, where we are sitting, where we pray, where we praise God, is your safety sedeo-ere sit, oro-are pray, laudao-are praise 句子中三个动词都是 we are doing vester, vestra, vestrum your (pl.), of/belonging to; securitas 阴性名词 2 Si igitur munimentum quaeritis, circumspicite So if you seek protection, look around you. 真实条件句：从句动词用直陈式 quaero-ere quaeritis pl.( you seek); 课文中还有： si vultis esse securi if you want to feel secure, velle vultis; si vobis placet if it pleases to you ( vobis vos 的夺格); si mavultis if you prefer 3 Hic in ecclesia vos curavimus, nunc vos curamus, et post mortem animas vestras semper curabimus. Here in the church we have looked after you, we look after you now, and we always shall look after your soul after your death. curo-are care for; curavimus 完成时 curamus 现在时 curabimus 将来时拉丁语的修辞特点：curavimus，curamus，curabimus 4 Aedificatum lapidibus monasterium centum annos hic stetit et hic stabit annos mille The monastery, built with stones, has stood here for a hundred years, and will stand here for a thousand years aedificatum 被动态完成时分词目的分词词干+-us,-a,-um aedifico- are –avi-atum，aedificat-us,-a,-um lapidibus 夺格 sto-are steti stetit 完成时 stabit 将来时

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII centum annos:annos mille历时性宾格 5 Quod vestras animas illud vestras res custodire potest What can guard your souls can guard your belongings quod(which,what),illud(i)公用动词custodire potest 6 res f5N,re abl. 7 Scitis-ne cur haec dicam Do you know why I said this scio,scire,scivi(ii),scitum 3 to know 8 Rumores quosdam audivimus,non quidem confirmatos,sed tamen referendos We have heard some rumours. not indeed substantiated but nonetheless to be reported confirmatos被动态完成时分词宾格目的分词词千+-us,-a,-um confirmo-are-atum -at-us,-a,-um have not been confirmed referendos将来被动形动词宾格现在词干+-ndus,-nda,-ndum refereo,refere-ndus,-nda,-ndum 9 Alieni-ne in silvis adfuerunt Were strangers present in the woods adfuerunt were present;adsum-esse be present,here 10 Cras,ergo,si vultis esse securi,boves oves equi mulique in monasterii agros adducendi sunt Tomorrow,then, if you want to feel secure.your oxen.sheep,horses and mules should be brought into the fields of the monastery. adducendi sunt“将来被动形动词”(gerundive)：are to be brought adduco-ere,adduxi,adductum 3 lead up/to/away;bring up/to I0 cavete caveo-ere复数命令式：现在时词干+te Da mi basia mille 'Nunc,o amici,est optandum,'abbas adhuc praedicabat.Nos monachi,qui in monasterio habitamus,scientiae artium vitarum animarum sumus custodes.Deo volente, nos vigilantes capita bonaque vestra bene curabimus.Nunc,igitur,si dormire sine cura vultis,hodie in monasterium bona vestra capitaque adducenda sunt.'Abbatis vox e somno Augustinum excitavit. Dormire?'inquit Augustinus.'Ego certe dormire sine cura volo.' 'St.'susurravit Paulus.'Dani prope monasterium visi sunt.' 'Non credo!'inquit Augustinus.'Cuius est fama?' ‘Stephani..' 'Stephani?Si elephantus iuxta Stephanum sedeat,magister noster eum non agnoscat.' 'Immo.Theodorus ante mortem Danos in silvis ipse vidit et Stephano dixit.'Augustinus Paulum non audivit sed Luciam in primo subsellio spectabat:'Da mi basia,'murmuravit Augustinus. Quid?' Da mi basia mille'. ‘St.Taceas.' Deinde usque altera mille.' Equidem tibi nulla basia dabo,'ridebat Paulus. 'Eheu!'gemuit Augustinus,Illa te solum spectat,te solum amat.Ille mi par esse deo 9

CAPITVLVM DVODECIMVM CAP.XII 9 centum annos；annos mille 历时性宾格 5 Quod vestras animas illud vestras res custodire potest What can guard your souls can guard your belongings quod(which,what), illud(it) 公用动词 custodire potest 6 res f 5 N， re abl. 7 Scitis-ne cur haec dicam Do you know why I said this scio, scire, scivi(ii), scitum 3 to know 8 Rumores quosdam audivimus, non quidem confirmatos, sed tamen referendos We have heard some rumours, not indeed substantiated but nonetheless to be reported confirmatos 被动态完成时分词宾格目的分词词干+-us,-a,-um confirmo-are –atum -> at-us,-a,-um have not been confirmed referendos 将来被动形动词宾格现在词干+ -ndus,-nda,-ndum refereo, refere-ndus,-nda,-ndum 9 Alieni-ne in silvis adfuerunt Were strangers present in the woods adfuerunt were present; adsum-esse be present, here 10 Cras, ergo, si vultis esse securi, boves oves equi mulique in monasterii agros adducendi sunt Tomorrow, then, if you want to feel secure, your oxen, sheep, horses and mules should be brought into the fields of the monastery. adducendi sunt “将来被动形动词”（gerundive）: are to be brought adduco-ere, adduxi, adductum 3 lead up/to/away; bring up/to 10 cavete caveo-ere 复数命令式: 现在时词干+te Da mi basia mille ‘Nunc, o amici, est optandum,’ abbas adhuc praedicabat. ‘Nos monachi, qui in monasterio habitamus, scientiae artium vitarum animarum sumus custodes. Deo volente, nos vigilantes capita bonaque vestra bene curabimus. Nunc, igitur, si dormire sine cura vultis, hodie in monasterium bona vestra capitaque adducenda sunt.’ Abbatis vox e somno Augustinum excitavit. ‘Dormire?’ inquit Augustinus. ‘Ego certe dormire sine cura volo.’ ‘St.’ susurravit Paulus. ‘Dani prope monasterium visi sunt.’ ‘Non credo!’ inquit Augustinus. ‘Cuius est fama?’ ‘Stephani.’ ‘Stephani? Si elephantus iuxta Stephanum sedeat, magister noster eum non agnoscat.’ ‘Immo. Theodorus ante mortem Danos in silvis ipse vidit et Stephano dixit.’ Augustinus Paulum non audivit sed Luciam in primo subsellio spectabat: ‘Da mi basia,’ murmuravit Augustinus. ‘Quid?’ ‘Da mi basia mille’. ‘St. Taceas.’ ‘Deinde usque altera mille.’ ‘Equidem tibi nulla basia dabo,’ ridebat Paulus. ‘Eheu!’ gemuit Augustinus, ‘Illa te solum spectat, te solum amat. Ille mi par esse deo