第六讲 ● 不规则动词Possum与volo ● 补充不定式 ● 与格(1) ● 课文：Paulus and Luica(VI) Part1语法 不规则动词Possum与volo 1 Posse,Potui to be able,can,could 构词：potis(a山able,capable)的词干pot+swm系：现在 +eram系：未完成 +ero系：将来 (注意：potis Eng:potent,.potential;possible) 时态： 现在时 未完成时 将来时 sg. pos-sum I am able,can pot-eram I was able,could pot-ero I shall be able pot-es pot-eras pot-eris pot-est pot-erat pot-erit pl. poS-sumls pot-eramus pot-erimus pot-estis pot-eratis pot-eritis pos-sunt pot-erant pot-erunt 注意：t+s=ss,因此在pot+sum系列中有如下音变： pot+sum=possum;pot +sumus-possumus; pot+sunt=possunt 2 Volo,velle,volui:wish,be willing,want 时态 现在时 未完成时 将来时 sg. volo volebam volam Vis volebas voles vult volebat volet volumus volebamus volemus vultis volebatis voletis volunt volebant volent 注意：现在时不规则变位，但未完成时、将来时则是o+第3变位法动词的相应词尾
第六讲 不规则动词 Possum 与 volo 补充不定式 与格（1） 课文: Paulus and Luica(VI) Part 1 语法 一 不规则动词 Possum 与 volo 1 Posse, Potui to be able, can, could 构词：potis(adj able, capable) 的词干 pot + sum 系： 现在 + eram 系：未完成 + ero 系： 将来 （注意：potis Eng: potent, potential; possible） 时态： 现在时 未完成时 将来时 sg. pos-sum I am able, can pot-eram I was able, could pot-ero I shall be able pot-es pot-eras pot-eris pot-est pot-erat pot-erit pl. pos-sumus pot-eramus pot-erimus pot-estis pot-eratis pot-eritis pos-sunt pot-erant pot-erunt 注意：t+s = ss，因此在 pot+sum 系列中有如下音变： pot+sum= possum; pot +sumus=possumus; pot+sunt= possunt 2 Volo, velle, volui：wish, be willing, want 时态 现在时 未完成时 将来时 sg. volo volebam volam vis volebas voles vult volebat volet volumus volebamus volemus vultis volebatis voletis volunt volebant volent 注意：现在时不规则变位，但未完成时、将来时则是 vlo+第 3 变位法动词的相应词尾
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 二补充不定式 像英语to be able或can那样，possum,volo,debeo(ought,owe),iubeo(order)等动词 通常要求有一个不定式来补充它的含义，这就是“补充不定式”(complementary infinitive).。 例句： Paulus neque videre neque audire equum feminae potest.(IV-B,possum+=be able to do) Vis-ne aquam bibere?(IV-B) Episcopus est saevus,quod semper Stephanum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet (V-B) 本课中的例句： Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest? Adesse in schola debet Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant et magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant. Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt. Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere? Etiam-ne nos possumus in culina laborare,Domine? 注意：补充不定式自身并没有独立的主语，它的主语就是它所从属的动词的主语！这和 后面要介绍的“宾格接不定式”(accsative cum infinitive,ACI)不同。 三、与格(1) 拉丁语有些动词含有“给”、“与”的意思，既要有直接宾语，又要有间接宾语。直接宾 语用“宾格”(accusative),间接宾语则用“与格”(dative);有些形容词也常要求与格作 补语。还有些不及物的特殊动词（指向态度或关系）也需要与格。现分述如下： 1含有“给”、“与”的动词 do,dare,dedi,datum I give mi-tto,mittere,misi,misum 3 send don-o.donare.donavi.donatum 1 donate scribo,scribere,scripsi,scriptum 3 scribe vendo,vendere,vendidi,venditum 3 sell 例句 Pater fillio librum novum dat. Mittebas discipulis longam epistulam. 2形容词加与格 这类形容词常见者有： amicus-a-um friendly,fond of dear carus-a-um:dear:beloved: gratus-a-um;grateful,thankful molestus-a-um;annoying:troublesome noxius-a-um;harmful,noxious 2
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 2 二 补充不定式 像英语 to be able 或 can 那样，possum, volo, debeo（ought, owe）, iubeo(order) 等动词 通常要求有一个不定式来补充它的含义，这就是―补充不定式‖（complementary infinitive）。 例句： Paulus neque videre neque audire equum feminae potest.(IV-B，possum +不定式= be able to do) Vis-ne aquam bibere?(IV-B) Episcopus est saevus, quod semper Stephanum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet. (V-B) 本课中的例句： Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest? Adesse in schola debet. Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant et magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant. Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt. Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere? Etiam-ne nos possumus in culina laborare, Domine? 注意：补充不定式自身并没有独立的主语，它的主语就是它所从属的动词的主语！这和 后面要介绍的“宾格接不定式”（accsative cum infinitive, ACI）不同。 三、与格(1) 拉丁语有些动词含有“给”、“与”的意思，既要有直接宾语，又要有间接宾语。直接宾 语用“宾格”（accusative）,间接宾语则用“与格”（dative） ；有些形容词也常要求与格作 补语。还有些不及物的特殊动词（指向态度或关系）也需要与格。现分述如下： 1 含有“给”、“与”的动词 do, dare, dedi, datum 1 give mi-tto, mittere, misi, misum 3 send don-o, donare, donavi, donatum 1 donate scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum 3 scribe vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditum 3 sell 例句 Pater fillio librum novum dat. Mittebas discipulis longam epistulam. 2 形容词加与格 这类形容词常见者有： amicus-a-um friendly , fond of, dear carus-a–um; dear, beloved; gratus-a-um; grateful, thankful molestus-a-um; annoying; troublesome noxius-a-um; harmful, noxious
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI necessatius-a-um;necessary iucundus-a-um;pleasant/agreeable/delighiful/pleasing utilis-e;useful,profitable,practical,helpful inutilis,e;unuseful similis,e;like,similar,resembling 注意：此类形容词翻译成英语时，后面一般都跟着to,toward,for 课文中的例子 Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia For there was no pity for the victims. Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati Now books,not games,are pleasing to us. qui Paulo est amicus who is friendly to Paulo Non satis Benedicto It is not enugh to benedict 3特殊动词加与格 credo trust.believe: credo tibi--I believe you. ignosco pardon to,forgive; ignosco viris--I forgive the men impero give orders to: impero militibus--I command the soldiers noceo do harm to; noceo hostibus--I harm the enemy. nubo be married to: nubo illi viro--I am marrying that man. parco be lenient to,spare; parco vobis--I spare you. pareo be obedient to,obey; pareo duci--I obey the leader. persuadeo,make sweet to,persuade; persuadeo mihi--I persuade myself. placeo be pleasing to,please; pleceo patri--I please my father. servio be a slave to:serve servio patriae--I serve my country. studeo direct ones zeal to:study: studio litteris --I study literature. 此类动词多为不及物动词，表达一种对待人或事物的态度，这暗示它们需要与格！ Part2课文：Paulus et Luica(VI) In bibliotheca Est meridies.Discipuli Stephanusque sunt in bibliotheca.Scholae magister disciplis historiam Christianorum bestiarumque narrat. 'Christiani multi in amphitheatro occisi sunt.Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant et magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant.Miseros Chiristianos!Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt.Ludos in amphitheatro spectabant etiam docti, qui eos non saevos sed ineptos existimabant.Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia.Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati,eho Paule?Age,Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest?Paule? Ubi est Paulus? Quando Christiani,o Domine,in amphitheatro paganos mutilaverunt?'rogavit Augustinus ex discipulis unus. 'Ubi est Paulus?'inquit Stephanus qui eum non audit. Hodie Paulus in in culina laborat,'inquit Augustinus. 'Quid?Cur Paulus in culina laborare vult?Adesse in schola debet.Paulus enim non coquus sed discipulus est. Question and answer Cur Romani populi ludos faciebant?
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 3 necessatius-a-um; necessary iucundus-a-um; pleasant/agreeable/delightful/pleasing utilis-e; useful, profitable, practical, helpful inutilis, e；unuseful similis,e; like, similar, resembling 注意；此类形容词翻译成英语时，后面一般都跟着 to, toward, for 课文中的例子 Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia For there was no pity for the victims. Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati Now books, not games, are pleasing to us. qui Paulo est amicus who is friendly to Paulo Non satis Benedicto It is not enugh to Benedict 3 特殊动词加与格 credo trust, believe; credo tibi --I believe you. ignosco pardon to, forgive; ignosco viris --I forgive the men impero give orders to; impero militibus--I command the soldiers. noceo do harm to; noceo hostibus --I harm the enemy. nubo be married to; nubo illi viro --I am marrying that man. parco be lenient to, spare; parco vobis --I spare you. pareo be obedient to , obey; pareo duci --I obey the leader. persuadeo, make sweet to, persuade; persuadeo mihi --I persuade myself. placeo be pleasing to, please; pleceo patri-- I please my father. servio be a slave to; serve servio patriae--I serve my country. studeo direct ones zeal to; study ; studio litteris --I study literature. 此类动词多为不及物动词，表达一种对待人或事物的态度,这暗示它们需要与格! Part2 课文: Paulus et Luica(VI) In bibliotheca Est meridies. Discipuli Stephanusque sunt in bibliotheca. Scholae magister disciplis historiam Christianorum bestiarumque narrat. ‘Christiani multi in amphitheatro occisi sunt. Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant et magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant. Miseros Chiristianos! Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt. Ludos in amphitheatro spectabant etiam docti, qui eos non saevos sed ineptos existimabant. Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia. Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati, eho Paule? Age, Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest? Paule? Ubi est Paulus?’ ‘Quando Christiani, o Domine, in amphitheatro paganos mutilaverunt?’ rogavit Augustinus ex discipulis unus. ‘Ubi est Paulus?’ inquit Stephanus qui eum non audit. ‘Hodie Paulus in in culina laborat,’ inquit Augustinus. ‘Quid? Cur Paulus in culina laborare vult? Adesse in schola debet. Paulus enim non coquus sed discipulus est.’ Question and answer Cur Romani populi ludos faciebant?
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI Cur non Paulus discipulis recitare potest? Quis est Augustinus？ vocabula nova adesse to be here mutilaverunt完成时hey did mutilate amphitheatrum amphitheatre;圆形剧场，竞技场 mutilo-are-avi 1 mutilate;.Eng.mutilate使断 amphi+-theatrum:Eng.amphi--“两边”，“两类”，“周 肢，使残废 围”：amphibian两栖的，水陆两用的：amphibious具 narrat s/he tells.relates:narro-arel relate.tell 有双重性的：amphibolous模棱两可的 Eng.narration,narrate,narritive bestia-ae beast nobis to us.for us Christianus Christian nullus-a-um no one,not any coquus-i cook occisi sunt were killed:occido-ere-cidi-cisum 2 culina-ae kitchen kil:coccis是occisus的复数主格(smt)Eng. debet s/he ought debeo-ere-ui-itum 2 owe,have to: occident <occidere fto set] Eng.debt<debere opulentia-ae wealth:Eng.opulence,oplent doctus-i learned man docere to teach; Eng. ostentare to show ostento-are 1 show; Eng. doctor ostentation炫耀，夸示，卖弄，风头主义 eos them paganus-i pagan异教徒 erat s/he was populus--ipeople;Eng.populace大众，平民， eum him popular,popularity,populate,population,populous existimabant they thought:existimo-are 1 think: pro+abl.in return for existimo=aestimo:Eng.estimate quando when faciebant they prepared facio-ere,feci,factum 3/4 recitare recito-are 1 recite,read aloud do,make;Eng.fact <factum:facture rogavit s/he asked rogo-are-avi 1 ask gratus-a-um pleasing Eng.grateful gratus: Romanus-i the Romans gratitude,gratify. saevitia-ae cruelty historia-ae story Eng.history<historia suffragium-i vote Eng.suffrage投票，投票权： ineptus--a-um foolish Eng.inept a.不适当的，不 suf伍agette鼓吹妇女参政的妇女：suffragist主张 符要求的，愚蠢的，无能的，ineptitude n. 妇女应有参政权者 labarare to work laboro-are 1 work Eng.labor unus one iber-bri book Eng.library:libra-ae天平； vacat vaco-are I be idle,empty:Eng.vacancy. liber自由Eng.liberty,liberal,.liberate vacant,vacate,vacation,vacium ludus-i game,show victima-ae victim meridies midday medius+dies videre video-ere.vidi,visum 2 see:Eng.video,vide medius middle,middle of mid vide ante:vide infra:vide post:vide supra: misericordia pity:miseri+cordia videlicet viz.namely cor,cordis n心，心脏 volebant they wanted Miseros Chiristianos! volo,velle want:vult volunt commentarii: 1 scholae magister disciplis historiam Christianorum bestiarumque narrat In the school,the master is recounting the story of the Christians and the beasts to the students。Scholae是schola的属格：Disciplis是dicciplus的复 数与格：是间接宾语，用与格(dative力，historiam historia-ae的单数宾格：chiritianus-ichristianorum bestiarum 复数属格(of)
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 4 Cur non Paulus discipulis recitare potest? Quis est Augustinus ? vocabula nova adesse to be here amphitheatrum amphitheatre; 圆形剧场，竞技场 amphi+theatrum; Eng. amphi-―两边‖，―两类‖，―周 围‖；amphibian 两栖的，水陆两用的；amphibious 具 有双重性的； amphibolous 模棱两可的 bestia-ae beast Christianus Christian coquus-i cook culina-ae kitchen debet s/he ought debeo-ere-ui-itum 2 owe, have to; Eng. debt<debere doctus-i learned man docere to teach; Eng. doctor eos them erat s/he was eum him existimabant they thought; existimo-are 1 think; existimo=aestimo: Eng. estimate faciebant they prepared facio-ere, feci, factum 3/4 do, make; Eng. fact <factum; facture gratus-a-um pleasing Eng. grateful < gratus; gratitude, gratify, historia-ae story Eng. history< historia ineptus-a-um foolish Eng. inept a.不适当的，不 符要求的，愚蠢的，无能的, ineptitude n. labarare to work laboro-are 1 work Eng. labor liber-bri book Eng. library; libra-ae 天平; liber 自由 Eng. liberty, liberal, liberate ludus-i game, show meridies midday medius+dies medius middle, middle of, mid misericordia pity; miseri+cordia cor, cordis n 心，心脏 Miseros Chiristianos! mutilaverunt 完成时 they did mutilate mutilo-are-avi 1 mutilate; Eng. mutilate 使断 肢，使残废 narrat s/he tells, relates; narro-are1 relate, tell Eng. narration, narrate, narritive nobis to us, for us nullus-a-um no one, not any occisi sunt were killed; occido-ere-cidi-cisum 2 kill; coccis 是 occisus 的复数主格（sunt） Eng. occident <occidere [to set] opulentia-ae wealth; Eng. opulence, oplent ostentare to show ostento-are 1 show; Eng. ostentation 炫耀，夸示，卖弄，风头主义 paganus-i pagan 异教徒 populus-i people; Eng. populace 大众，平民， popular, popularity, populate, population, populous pro+abl. in return for quando when recitare recito-are 1 recite, read aloud rogavit s/he asked rogo-are-avi 1 ask Romanus-i the Romans saevitia-ae cruelty suffragium-i vote Eng. suffrage 投票，投票权； suffragette 鼓吹妇女参政的妇女； suffragist 主张 妇女应有参政权者 unus one vacat vaco-are 1 be idle, empty; Eng. vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuum victima-ae victim videre video-ere.vidi,visum 2 see; Eng. video, vide 参见 vide ante; vide infra; vide post; vide supra; videlicet viz. namely volebant they wanted volo, velle want; vult volunt commentarii: 1 scholae magister disciplis historiam Christianorum bestiarumque narrat In the school, the master is recounting the story of the Christians and the beasts to the students。Scholae 是 schola 的属格；Disciplis 是 dicciplus 的复 数与格；是间接宾语，用与格（dative）; historiam historia –ae 的单数宾格；chiritianus -i christianorum bestiarum 复数属格(of)
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 2 Christiani multi in amphitheatro occisi sunt Many Christians were killed in the amphitheatre.Chiristiani chirisanus的复数主格：occisisunt被动语态复数，直陈式完成时：seepl37:occido-ere-cidi-cisum3 3 Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant.Romani复数主格(Romanus-i),faciebant过去时facio-ere, faci,factum3/4;ludos,ludus的复数宾格，populi,populus的单数属格，限定suffragiis.pro+abl.in return for The Romans used to produce games in return for the people's votes; 4 magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant they would want to show off their (magnam)wealth 5 Miseros Chiristianos!形retched Christians!宾格感叹句 6 Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt The pagans always wanted to see much cruelty 7 Ludos in amphitheatro spectabant etiam docti,qui eos non saevos sed ineptos existimabant注意本句把宾语 ludos置前，主语docti后置，再用从句修饰。existimo-are,estimate,form an opinion,.or judgment..eos在从 句是宾语(them,saevos saevus-a-m cruel;.ineptos ineptus--a-m foolish形容词复数宾格，宾补。Even educated people would watch the games in the amphitheatre:they did not think them cruel,but just foolish. 此处eos指代pagani,而非docti! 8 Nulla enim victimis心erat misericordia nulla修饰misericordia..erat:there was,victimis是victima的与格， For there was no pity for the victims. 9 Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati Now books.not games,are pleasing to us;nobis nos dat!gratus 要求与格，如：拉丁语令你愉快：Lingua Latina tibi grata est;libri,liber的复数主格：ludi ludus的复数主 格 l0.Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest nobis是nos的与格 Augustinus Mox Stephanus e culina revenit.'Paulus non in culina laborat sed in silvis vacat.' Ex oppido revenit,'inquit Augustinus,qui Paulo est amicus.'Paulus cibum vinumque ex oppido portat.' 'Cibum vinumque?Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere?' Et oleum et ova et unguenta,'inquit Augustinus. 'Unguenta?Sumus monachi!Et ova?Hic multa sunt ova.' 'Non satis Benedicto,o magister,'inquit Augustinus,'Paulus Benedicto cibum vinumque semper dat.Paulus culinae servus est.' 'Neque coquo neque culinae sed magistro et scholae est Pauli oboedientia,'clamavit miser magister. 'Sed nunc Paulus Benedicto est servus,'inquit Augustinus,'et in culina cum ancillis laborat.' In culina cum ancillis?' Etiam-ne nos possumus in culina laborare,Domine?' St!Tacete！Ad libros！Ubi eram?' 'In culina cum ancillis?'rogant discipuli. Me miserum!Ah...in amphitheatro eram.' Question and answer Paulus-ne in culina laborat Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere? Quis est Pauli oboedientia 5
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 5 2 Christiani multi in amphitheatro occisi sunt Many Christians were killed in the amphitheatre. Chiristiani 是 chirisanus 的复数主格； occisi sunt 被动语态复数，直陈式完成时；see p137；occido-ere-cidi-cisum 3 3 Romani pro suffragiis populi ludos faciebant. Romani 复数主格（Romanus –i），faciebant 过去时 facio-ere, faci, factum 3/4; ludos，ludus 的复数宾格，populi，populus 的单数属格，限定 suffragiis. pro+abl. in return for 此句 The Romans used to produce games in return for the people’s votes; 4 magnam opulentiam ostentare volebant they would want to show off their (magnam)wealth 5 Miseros Chiristianos! Wretched Christians!宾格感叹句 6 Pagani semper videre multam saevitiam volunt The pagans always wanted to see much cruelty 7 Ludos in amphitheatro spectabant etiam docti, qui eos non saevos sed ineptos existimabant 注意本句把宾语 ludos 置前，主语 docti 后置，再用从句修饰。existimo-are, estimate, form an opinion, or judgment. eos 在从 句是宾语(them), saevos saevus-a-um cruel; ineptos ineptus-a-um foolish 形容词复数宾格，宾补。 Even educated people would watch the games in the amphitheatre; they did not think them cruel, but just foolish. 注意， 此处 eos 指代 pagani，而非 docti！ 8 Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia nulla 修饰 misericordia. erat: there was , victimis 是 victima 的与格, For there was no pity for the victims. 9 Nunc nobis libri non ludi sunt grati Now books, not games, are pleasing to us；nobis nos 的 dat！形容词 gratus 要求与格，如：拉丁语令你愉快：Lingua Latina tibi grata est ; libri, liber 的复数主格； ludi ludus 的复数主 格 10．Paulus-ne nobis recitare potest nobis 是 nos 的与格 Augustinus Mox Stephanus e culina revenit. ‘Paulus non in culina laborat sed in silvis vacat.’ ‘Ex oppido revenit,’inquit Augustinus, qui Paulo est amicus. ‘Paulus cibum vinumque ex oppido portat.’ ‘Cibum vinumque? Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere?’ ‘Et oleum et ova et unguenta,’ inquit Augustinus. ‘Unguenta? Sumus monachi! Et ova? Hic multa sunt ova.’ ‘Non satis Benedicto, o magister,’ inquit Augustinus, ‘Paulus Benedicto cibum vinumque semper dat. Paulus culinae servus est.’ ‘Neque coquo neque culinae sed magistro et scholae est Pauli oboedientia,’ clamavit miser magister. ‘Sed nunc Paulus Benedicto est servus,’ inquit Augustinus, ‘et in culina cum ancillis laborat.’ ‘In culina cum ancillis?’ ‘Etiam-ne nos possumus in culina laborare, Domine?’ ‘St! Tacete! Ad libros! Ubi eram?’ ‘In culina cum ancillis?’ rogant discipuli. ‘Me miserum! Ah… in amphitheatro eram.’ Question and answer Paulus-ne in culina laborat ? Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere? Quis est Pauli oboedientia ?
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI Ubi sunt Stephanus et discipuli In culina an in amphitheatro Vocabula nova ancilla-ae slave girl:maid servant clamavit wailed:clamo-are 1 shout: Eng.clamor,clamant喧嚷的，吵闹的 dat s/he gives:do-are,dedi,datum I emo-ere 3 buy ire to go:不规则动词eo,ire,ii iussit完成时第三人称单数s/he told,ordered:iubeo-ere,iussi2 order,tell miser-a-um wretched oboedientia-ae +abl.duty:Eng.obedience,obey possumus we are able,can satis +dat.enough:Eng.satisfy,satisfaction satis+facere servus-i serf农奴，slae:Eng.servant,.service tacete!Be quiet!Eng.tacit缄默：taciturn沉默寡言的 Ubi eram?Where were I? Commentarii 1.qui Paulo est amicus who is friendly1 o Paul.Paulo是Paulus的dat.而不是abl.形容词加与格，见p53 Dative case:to,for someone or something 2.Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere iussit(order）要求补充不定式 3.Et oleum et ova et unguenta oleum sing.acc.ova ovum pl.acc.unguenta unguentum pl.acc. 4 ,Non satis Benedicto Not enough for Benedict satis后要求与格 5.Paulus culinae servus est,Paul is a slave to the kitchen culinae是与格（问题：culinae可否是属格？） 后边还有：Sed nunc Paulus Benedicto est servus-一与格往往通过to或for与名词连用来确定！前文Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia也是这一用法。 6. Paulus Benedicto cibum vinumque semper dat Paul is always giving food and wine to Benedict 7.Neque coquo neque culinae sed magistro et scholae est Pauli oboedientia Paul's duty is neither to the cook nor the kitchen.but to the master and school: 注意：coquo,culinae,magistro,scholae是dat.！而不是abl, Liber Latinus medico utilis est..拉丁书对医生是有用的。medico是medicus的与格 8.Tacete动词tacere的复数命令式 Latin Motto Pro mundi beneficio.for the benefit of the world. Spectatum veniunt,veniunt spectentur ut ipsae.they come to see,they come to be seen themselves Nulli malum pro malo reddentes.recompense(render)to no man evil for evil. Vulgate.Romans 12:17 Satis diu vel naturae vixi vel gloriae.I have lived long enough for the demands of nature or fame.Cicero.Pro Marcello 6
CAPITVLVM SEXTVM CAP.VI 6 Ubi sunt Stephanus et discipuli ? In culina an in amphitheatro ? Vocabula nova ancilla-ae slave girl; maid servant clamavit wailed； clamo-are 1 shout； Eng. clamor v.; clamant 喧嚷的，吵闹的 dat s/he gives； do-are, dedi, datum 1 emo-ere 3 buy ire to go；不规则动词 eo, ire, ii iussit 完成时第三人称单数 s/he told, ordered； iubeo-ere, iussi 2 order, tell miser-a-um wretched oboedientia-ae +abl. duty； Eng. obedience, obey possumus we are able, can satis +dat. enough； Eng. satisfy , satisfaction < satis+facere servus-i serf 农奴, slave； Eng. servant, service tacete! Be quiet! Eng. tacit 缄默；taciturn 沉默寡言的 Ubi eram? Where were I? Commentarii 1. qui Paulo est amicus who is friendly to Paul . Paulo 是 Paulus 的 dat. 而不是 abl. 形容词加与格，见 p53 Dative case: to, for someone or something 2. Quis iussit Paulum ad oppidum ire et cibum vinumque emere iussit (order) 要求补充不定式 3. Et oleum et ova et unguenta oleum sing.acc. ova ovum pl.acc. unguenta unguentum pl. acc. 4. Non satis Benedicto Not enough for Benedict satis 后要求与格 5. Paulus culinae servus est Paul is a slave to the kitchen culinae 是与格（问题：culinae 可否是属格？） 后边还有：Sed nunc Paulus Benedicto est servus—与格往往通过 to 或 for 与名词连用来确定！前文 Nulla enim victimis erat misericordia 也是这一用法。 6. Paulus Benedicto cibum vinumque semper dat Paul is always giving food and wine to Benedict 7. Neque coquo neque culinae sed magistro et scholae est Pauli oboedientia Paul’s duty is neither to the cook nor the kitchen, but to the master and school; 注意： coquo, culinae, magistro, scholae 是 dat.! 而不是 abl. Liber Latinus medico utilis est. 拉丁书对医生是有用的。medico 是 medicus 的与格 8．Tacete 动词 tacere 的复数命令式 Latin Motto Pro mundi beneficio. for the benefit of the world. Spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae. they come to see, they come to be seen themselves Nulli malum pro malo reddentes. recompense(render) to no man evil for evil. Vulgate. Romans 12:17 Satis diu vel naturae vixi vel gloriae. I have lived long enough for the demands of nature or fame. Cicero. Pro Marcello