第十一讲 形容词(3)：词尾为-ens的形容词 ● 分词(1)：现在时分词-ns/-ens ● 夺格(3)：地点夺格：分离夺格 ● Paulus et Lucia(XI) Part1语法 一 形容词(3)：词尾为-ens的形容词 复习 形容词(1)-第5讲 第1类形容词按其单数三性（阳、阴、中）格尾而论，可以分成两类 （1)-us,-a,-um型 例：bonus,bona,bonum(good 简记：bon-us,-a,-um 词千：bon- novus,nova,novum (new) nuv-us,-a,-um nov- sanus,sana,sanum (healthy/sound) san-us,-a,-um san- (2)-er,-a,-um型 例：miser,misera,.miserum(wretched miser,-a,-um 词千：miser- liber,libera,liberum (free) liber,-a,-um liber- ruber,rubra,rubrum (red) ruber,-a,-um rubr- pulcher,pulchra,pulchrum (beautiful)pulcher,-a,-um pulchr- 形容词(2)-第8讲 第2类形容词也叫做“第3变格法形容词”（或称-ium形容词），因为它的变格词尾与第 3变格法名词(-is)一样。例如，omnia nomina(all names),nos omnes(all of us)中的 omina(n.pl),omines(m/f.pl.)都是由omnis变格得到的。 以omnis为例，给出它的“两数”、“三性”、“五格” sing. pl. m./f. n. m./f. n. nom. omnis omn-e omn-es omn-ia acc. omn-em omn-e omn-es omn-ia gen. omn-is omn-ium dat. omn-i omn-ibus abl. omn-e omn-ibus 第2类形容词按照单数主格词尾的形式分为三种类型： (1)三尾型即单数主格的阳性、阴性、中性的词尾各不相同，如：
第十一讲 形容词（3）：词尾为-ens 的形容词 分词(1): 现在时分词-ns/-ens 夺格(3):地点夺格;分离夺格 Paulus et Lucia(XI) Part 1 语法 一 形容词（3）：词尾为-ens 的形容词 复习 形容词（1）-第 5 讲 第 1 类形容词按其单数三性（阳、阴、中）格尾而论，可以分成两类 （1） –us, –a, –um 型 例： bonus, bona, bonum (good) 简记：bon-us,-a,-um 词干：bonnovus, nova, novum（new） nuv-us,-a,-um novsanus, sana, sanum（healthy/sound） san-us,-a,-um san- （2） –er, -a,-um 型 例： miser, misera, miserum(wretched) miser,-a, -um 词干：miserliber, libera, liberum （free） liber,-a,-um liber- ruber, rubra, rubrum (red) ruber,-a,-um rubrpulcher, pulchra, pulchrum（beautiful）pulcher,-a,-um pulchr- 形容词（2）-第 8 讲 第 2 类形容词也叫做“第 3 变格法形容词”(或称-ium 形容词)，因为它的变格词尾与第 3 变格法名词（-is）一样。例如， omnia nomina( all names), nos omnes ( all of us) 中 的 omina( n.pl), omines(m/f. pl.)都是由 omnis 变格得到的。 以 omnis 为例，给出它的“两数”、“三性”、“五格” sing. pl. m. / f. n. m. / f. n. nom. omnis omn-e omn-es omn-ia acc. omn-em omn-e omn-es omn-ia gen. omn-is omn-ium dat. omn-i omn-ibus abl. omn-e omn-ibus 第 2 类形容词按照单数主格词尾的形式分为三种类型： （1） 三尾型 即单数主格的阳性、阴性、中性的词尾各不相同，如：
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI celeber(m), celebris(①，celebre(n)famous,celebrated著名的 acer (m), acris (f), acre(n.)sharp,acle尖锐的 (2) 双尾型单数主格的阳性、阴性词尾相同，中性词尾不同，如omnis,.再如： brevis(m),brevis(①，breve(n.)short,brief短的 fortis (m.), fortis(E)forte(n)brave勇敢的 (3) 一尾型单数主格的阳性、阴性、中性的词尾完全相同。 这样的词尾有：-X(-eX,-ax,-ix,ox),-S,-ns(-ans,ens),-r(-ar,-or),等等。例如： audax(m),audar(f),audax(n)audacis(gen.)大▣的 felix felicis(gen.)幸福的 sapiens sapientis(gen.)明智的 新授：词尾为-ens的形容词 词尾为-es的形容词，是第2类形容词（即第3变格法形容词）中的“一尾型”形容 词，其特点是：单数属格为-entis。因此，除单数主格和中性主格、宾格外，其他格尾带有 一个-t,从而多出一个音节。如prudens(双音节)，属格：prudentis(三音节)。下面以prudens (wise)为例，列出变格： sing pl. m./f. n. m./f. n. nom. prud-ens prud-ens prud-entes prud-entia acc. prud-entem prud-ens prud-entes prud-entia gen. prud-entis prud-enium dat prud-enti prud-entibus abl. prud-enti prud-entibus 二 分词(1) “分词”(participium)的语法意义与构成 拉丁语的“分词”是由动词变成的形容词。故具有动词和形容词的双重性质：支配宾语： 与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上一致。 它们的构成格式是： 主动态 被动态 现在时现在时词干+ns/ens 完成时目的分词词干+us,-a,~um 将来时 目的分词词千+ur-us,-a,-um 将来时现在时词千+nd-us,-a,-um 其中将来时被动态分词一般称为将来被动形动词(gerundive),已在第九讲中介绍过，本讲 主要介绍现在时主动态分词。 2现在时主动态分词 现在时主动态分词亦简称“现在时分词”(present participles)。第l、第2变位动词为 词千+s,属格词尾是-ntis,第3、第4与复合变位法(-io)动词，则是“词干+es”,其属格 格尾是-entis
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI celeber (m), celebris (f), celebre (n.) famous, celebrated 著名的 acer (m), acris (f), acre (n.) sharp, acute 尖锐的 （2） 双尾型 单数主格的阳性、阴性词尾相同，中性词尾不同，如 omnis,再如： brevis (m), brevis (f), breve (n.) short, brief 短的 fortis (m.), fortis (f.) forte (n.) brave 勇敢的 （3） 一尾型 单数主格的阳性、阴性、中性的词尾完全相同。 这样的词尾有：-x( -ex, -ax, -ix, -ox), -s, -ns( -ans, -ens), -r(-ar, -or)， 等等。例如： audax (m.), audax(f.), audax(n.) audacis (gen.) 大胆的 felix felicis (gen.) 幸福的 sapiens sapientis(gen.)明智的 新授：词尾为-ens 的形容词 词尾为-ens 的形容词，是第 2 类形容词（即第 3 变格法形容词）中的“一尾型”形容 词，其特点是：单数属格为-entis。因此，除单数主格和中性主格、宾格外，其他格尾带有 一个-t，从而多出一个音节。如 prudens(双音节)，属格：prudentis(三音节)。下面以 prudens （wise）为例，列出变格： sing. pl. m./ f. n. m. /f. n. nom. prud-ens prud-ens prud-entes prud-entia acc. prud-entem prud-ens prud-entes prud-entia gen. prud-entis prud-enium dat. prud-enti prud-entibus abl. prud-enti prud-entibus 二 分词 （1） 1 “分词”（participium）的语法意义与构成 拉丁语的“分词”是由动词变成的形容词。故具有动词和形容词的双重性质：支配宾语； 与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上一致。 它们的构成格式是： 主动态 被动态 现在时 现在时词干+ ns/ens 完成时 目的分词词干+ us, -a,-um 将来时 目的分词词干+ur-us,-a,-um 将来时 现在时词干+nd-us,-a,-um 其中将来时被动态分词一般称为将来被动形动词（gerundive），已在第九讲中介绍过，本讲 主要介绍现在时主动态分词。 2 现在时主动态分词 现在时主动态分词亦简称“现在时分词”（present participles）。第 1、第 2 变位动词为 词干+ns，属格词尾是-ntis; 第 3、第 4 与复合变位法（-io）动词，则是“词干+ens” ,其属格 格尾是-entis。 2
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI 不定式 分词主格 分词属格 ama-re ama-ns, ama-ntis loving mone-re mone-ns, mome-ntis advising,warning mitt-ere mitt-ens, mitt-entis sending audi-re audi-ens, audi-entis listening,hearing cap-ere capl-ens, capi-entis taking,capturing 故可按照以-ens/-entis为词尾的第3变格法形容词的变格方法，得到其他各格。 以amas为例： sg. pl. mas./fem. neu. mas./fem neu amans amans amantes amantia amantem amans amantes amantia amantis amantium amanti amantibus amanti amantibus 3用法与翻译 分词兼有形容词和动词的两种功能，即可修饰名词，又可以有自己的宾语。如课文中 的句子： Augustinus viatores monasterium relinquentes vidit.Augustine saw the travelers leaving the monastery. 句中宾格relinquentes为动词relinguere变化而来： relinguere 3>relinguens relinquentis relinguentes (pl.acc.) 与所修饰的名词viatores acc.pl.相一致。但它又有一个宾语：monasterium 现在分词短语可有不同的翻译方式：如上例可翻译为： Augustine saw the travelers who were/as they were leaving the monastery. 第十课中的例子 Stephanus campanam per monasterium resonantemn audit. resonare resona-ns resona-entis resonaentem per genas lacrimas fundens. fundere fund-ens per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans.spectare specta-ns e Catulli libello recitans.recitare>recitans mox vocem Stephani iterum iterumque gementem audiunt. gemere gem-ens gem-entis gem-entem 本课中的例子（部分） Abbas ad aram in veste purpurea splendens stabat. splende-re>splende-ns (shining) Paulus Augustinum excitare volebat quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat. spectare specta-ns specta-ntis specta-ntem because he could see Stephen looking at him Quis puer?'Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat.' dormire dormi-ens dormi-entis dormi-enti (alb) 3
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI 不定式 分词主格 分词属格 ama-re ama-ns, ama-ntis loving mone-re mone-ns, mome-ntis advising, warning mitt-ere mitt-ens, mitt-entis sending audi-re audi-ens, audi-entis listening, hearing cap-ere capi-ens, capi-entis taking, capturing 故可按照以-ens/-entis 为词尾的第 3 变格法形容词的变格方法，得到其他各格。 以 amans 为例： sg. pl. mas./fem. neu. mas./fem. neu amans amans amantes amantia amantem amans amantes amantia amantis amantium amanti amantibus amanti amantibus 3 用法与翻译 分词兼有形容词和动词的两种功能，即可修饰名词，又可以有自己的宾语。如课文中 的句子： Augustinus viatores monasterium relinquentes vidit. Augustine saw the travelers leaving the monastery. 句中宾格 relinquentes 为动词 relinguere 变化而来： relinguere 3 > relinguens > relinquentis > relinguentes (pl. acc.) 与所修饰的名词 viatores acc.pl.相一致。但它又有一个宾语：monasterium. 现在分词短语可有不同的翻译方式：如上例可翻译为： Augustine saw the travelers who were/as they were leaving the monastery. 第十课中的例子 Stephanus campanam per monasterium resonantem audit. resonare > resona-ns > resona-entis > resonaentem per genas lacrimas fundens. fundere > fund-ens per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans. spectare > specta-ns e Catulli libello recitans. recitare > recitans mox vocem Stephani iterum iterumque gementem audiunt. gemere > gem-ens > gem-entis > gem-entem 本课中的例子（部分） Abbas ad aram in veste purpurea splendens stabat. splende-re > splende-ns (shining) Paulus Augustinum excitare volebat quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat. spectare > specta-ns > specta-ntis > specta-ntem because he could see Stephen looking at him ‘Quis puer?’ ‘Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat.’ dormire > dormi-ens > dormi-entis > dormi-enti (alb) 3
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI 三夺格(3)：地点夺格、分隔夺格 这两种夺格常见而且相关。主要区别是：前者句中总是包含从某处到某处的动作行为： 而且几乎所有的此类夺格都被介词ab/a,de或ex/e引导。 例句： Graeci a patria sua ad Italiam navigaverunt.The Greeks sailed from their own country to Italy. suus-a-um his/one's (own),her (own),hers,its (own):(pl.)their (own),theirs, patria,patriae If,native land:home,native city:one's country Flumen de montibus in mare fluxit.The river flowed down from the mountains into the sea. Multi ex agris in urbem venient.Many will come from the country into the city. Cicero hostes ab urbe misit.Cicero sent the enemy away from the city. (请注意“从…来”用介词+夺格，而到某处去则用介+宾。常见的介词有d,in等) 表示分隔的夺格，顾名思义，仅仅表示某人或物与其他人或物不在一处：没有从某处 到某处的动作行为发生：有时候不用介词引导，动词往往有“释放”、“缺乏”、“剥夺”等含 义。例句如下： Cicero hostes ab urbe prohibuit.Cicero kept the enemy away from the city. Eos timore liberavit.He free them from fear. Agricolae pectinia saepe carebant.The farmers ofien lacked money. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem,sed libera nos a malo(见本课) Part2课文Paulus et Lucia(XI) In ecclesia Nec multo post Theodori exsequias,multi in ecclesia aderant.Ecclesia candelis incensique fragrantia plena erat.Abbas ipse cum monachis missam celebrabat.Lucia iuxta matrem in primis subselliis inter magnas familias sedebat.Post nobiles erant peregrini et agricolae et pueri et ancillae et servi.Abbas ad aram in veste purpurea splendens stabat et monachi discipulique post aram in choro cantabant. 'Pater noster,qui es in caelis...'cantare abbas incipiebat.Omnes discipuli cantabant praeter Augustinum,qui dormiebat quod Stephanus eum per totam noctem epistulas sancti Pauli ad Corinthios exscribere iusserat.Augustinus poenas dabat quod in schola carmina Catulli,non epistolas sancti Pauli,legebat. 'Et ne nos inducas in tentationem,sed libera nos a malo,'abbas cantabat. Vocabula nova agricola-ae [m] farmer is ea id eum eam id ara-ae [f]altar exscribo-ere write out candela-ae [f]candle familia-ae [f]family celebro-are celebrate fragrantia-ae [f]odour,fragrance fragrant chorus-i [m]choir incensum-i [n] incense香/香的烟 Corinthi-orum Corinthians哥林多 inducas sub. epistula-ae [f] letter,,the Epistles使徒书 induco-ere,induxi,inductum lead in,induce eum him inter [+acc.]among
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI 4 三 夺格(3): 地点夺格、分隔夺格 这两种夺格常见而且相关。主要区别是：前者句中总是包含从某处到某处的动作行为； 而且几乎所有的此类夺格都被介词 ab/a, dē 或 ex/e 引导。 例句： Graecī ā patriā suā ad Italiam navigāvērunt. The Greeks sailed from their own country to Italy. suus-a-um his/one's (own), her (own), hers, its (own); (pl.) their (own), theirs; patria, patriae 1f , native land; home, native city; one's country Flūmen dē montibus in mare flūxit. The river flowed down from the mountains into the sea. Multī ex agrīs in urbem venient. Many will come from the country into the city. Cicerō hostēs ab urbe mīsit. Cicero sent the enemy away from the city. （请注意“从……来”用介词+夺格，而到某处去则用介+宾。常见的介词有 ad, in 等） 表示分隔的夺格，顾名思义，仅仅表示某人或物与其他人或物不在一处；没有从某处 到某处的动作行为发生；有时候不用介词引导，动词往往有“释放”、“缺乏”、“剥夺”等含 义。 例句如下： Cicerō hostēs ab urbe prohibuit. Cicero kept the enemy away from the city. Eōs timōre līberāvit. He free them from fear. Agricolae pecūniā saepe carēbant. The farmers often lacked money. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo (见本课) Part 2 课文 Paulus et Lucia ( XI) In ecclesia Nec multo post Theodori exsequias, multi in ecclesia aderant. Ecclesia candelis incensique fragrantia plena erat. Abbas ipse cum monachis missam celebrabat. Lucia iuxta matrem in primis subselliis inter magnas familias sedebat. Post nobiles erant peregrini et agricolae et pueri et ancillae et servi. Abbas ad aram in veste purpurea splendens stabat et monachi discipulique post aram in choro cantabant. ‘Pater noster, qui es in caelis...’ cantare abbas incipiebat. Omnes discipuli cantabant praeter Augustinum, qui dormiebat quod Stephanus eum per totam noctem epistulas sancti Pauli ad Corinthios exscribere iusserat. Augustinus poenas dabat quod in schola carmina Catulli, non epistolas sancti Pauli, legebat. ‘Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo,’abbas cantabat. Vocabula nova agricola-ae [m] farmer ara-ae [f] altar candela-ae [f] candle celebro-are celebrate chorus-i [m] choir Corinthi-orum Corinthians 哥林多 epistula-ae [f] letter; the Epistles 使徒书 eum him is ea id eum eam id exscribo-ere write out familia-ae [f] family fragrantia-ae [f] odour; fragrance fragrant incensum-i [n] incense 香/香的烟 inducas sub. induco-ere, induxi, inductum lead in, induce inter [+acc.] among
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI ipse himself plenus-a-um [+abl.]filled with iusserat (s/he)had ordered poenas do-are to pay the penalty,be punished iuxta [+acc.]next to poena-ae f libera imp.2.s.free,deliver primus-a-um first libero-are 1 purpureus-a-um purple missa-ae [f]mass qui who ne...inducas (sub.)do not lead us into splendens induco-ere,induxi,inductum 3 lead in,bring in splendeo-ere be bright,resplendent nec not subsellium-i [n]pew,bench noblis-is 3 [m]noble,nobles pl. tentatio-nis f]temptation noster our vestis-is [f]clothing peregrinus-i [m]foreigner,pilgrim vest a bullet proof~ Commentari 1 nec multo post not long afterwards 2 aderant adsum,-esse be present 3post+acc behind(space));after(time).如课文中post Theodori exsequias,post nobiles 4 Ecclesia candelis(pl.abl.)incensique(sing.gen.)fragrantia(sing.abl.)plena erat The church was filled with candles and the fragrance of incense.plenus-a-um [+abl.]filled with 5 epistula santi Pauli ad Corinthios使徒书：保罗致哥林多 6 Pater noster.qui es in caelis..Et ne nos inducas in tentationem.sed libera nos a malo.Matthew 6:9-13 Pater noster,quies in caelis: Our Father in heaven, sanctificetur Nomen Tuum: hallowed be your name adveniat Regnum Tuum; Your kingdom come fiat voluntas Tua, your will be done. sicut in caelo,et in terra. on earth as it is in heaven Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie; Give us this day our daily bread, et dimitte nobis debita nostra, and forgive us our debts sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris; as we also have forgiven our debtors. et ne nos inducas in tentationem; And lead us not into temptation, sed libera nos a Malo. but deliver us from evil. sanctific.etur sub.sanctifico-arel sanctify,treat as holy fiat facio pass it is being done sicut conj.as,just as;like;in same way panem panis,panis bread;loaf; cotidianus,cotidiana,cotidianum adj.daily,everyday dimitto-ere,dimisi,dimissus 3 send away/off,allow to go,let go/off inducas sub.lest lead us;libera imp.Please free us.liberare Insolentes monachi In ecclesia Lucia Paulum et Augustinum,qui adhuc dormiebat,conspexit.Iam Augustinus stertere incipiebat.Paulus Augustinum excitare volebat quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat. In primis subselliis Egberta filiam furtim spectantem unum ex discipulis qui in choro cantabant conspexit. 5
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI ipse himself iusserat (s/he) had ordered iuxta [+acc.] next to libera imp. 2. s. free, deliver libero-are 1 missa-ae [f] mass ne... inducas (sub.) do not lead us into induco-ere, induxi, inductum 3 lead in, bring in nec not noblis-is 3 [m] noble, nobles pl. noster our peregrinus-i [m] foreigner, pilgrim plenus-a-um [+abl.] filled with poenas do-are to pay the penalty, be punished poena-ae f primus-a-um first purpureus-a-um purple qui who splendens splendeo-ere be bright, resplendent subsellium-i [n] pew, bench tentatio-nis [f] temptation vestis-is [f] clothing vest a bullet proof ~ Commentari 1 nec multo post not long afterwards 2 aderant adsum,-esse be present 3 post +acc behind(space) ;after (time) .如课文中 post Theodori exsequias; post nobiles 4 Ecclesia candelis(pl.abl.) incensique(sing.gen.) fragrantia(sing.abl.) plena erat The church was filled with candles and the fragrance of incense. plenus-a-um [+abl.] filled with 5 epistula santi Pauli ad Corinthios 使徒书：保罗致哥林多 6 Pater noster, qui es in caelis...Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo. Matthew 6:9-13 Pater noster, qui es in caelis: Our Father in heaven, sanctificetur Nomen Tuum; hallowed be your name adveniat Regnum Tuum; Your kingdom come fiat voluntas Tua, your will be done, sicut in caelo, et in terra. on earth as it is in heaven. Panem nostrum cotidianum da nobis hodie; Give us this day our daily bread, et dimitte nobis debita nostra, and forgive us our debts sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris; as we also have forgiven our debtors. et ne nos inducas in tentationem; And lead us not into temptation, sed libera nos a Malo. but deliver us from evil. sanctific.etur sub. sanctifico-are1 sanctify, treat as holy fiat facio pass it is being done sicut conj. as, just as; like; in same way panem panis, panis bread; loaf; cotidianus, cotidiana, cotidianum adj. daily, everyday dimitto-ere, dimisi, dimissus 3 send away/off; allow to go, let go/off inducas sub. lest lead us; libera imp. Please free us . liberare Insolentes monachi In ecclesia Lucia Paulum et Augustinum, qui adhuc dormiebat, conspexit. Iam Augustinus stertere incipiebat. Paulus Augustinum excitare volebat quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat. In primis subselliis Egberta filiam furtim spectantem unum ex discipulis qui in choro cantabant conspexit. 5
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI 'Lucia,quid spectas?'susurravit Egberta. Nil,praeter illum,qui dormit,discipulum,'Lucia respondit.Iam Paulus etiam Luciam spectabat. 'Quis est ille puer qui te spectat?'rogavit mater. ‘Quis puer??' 'Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat,'inquit Egberta ridens.'Eho,nunc abbas praedicabit.'Egberta tamen ridere desiit ubi Benedictum se ipsam spectantem conspexit. 'Insolentissimos monachos!'susurravit Egberta,et Karolus,coniunx,eam audiens rogavit:'Mea carissima,vales-ne?' Interea Stephanus Augustinum dormientem adhuc stertentemque spectabat.Paulus Stephanum spectabat et'Cave,Augustine!'susurravit,'nunc est cantandum.' 'Abi!'respondit magna voce Augustinus.'Volo dormire.'Omnes in ecclesia vocem eius audire poterant. 'Ora pro nobis peccatoribus,'cantabat abbas,palmas ad caelum tendens. Vocabula nova illum [acc.]that one,him insolent;immoderate proximus-a-um next,nearest ipsam her(self) abi go away!inf.order. nil (nihil)nothing abeo abire ora pro nobis peccatoribus pray for us sinners carissimus-a-um dearest oro-are ora单数命令式 cave look out palma-ae [f]palm coniunx-gis [m/f]husband/wife peccator-is [m]sinner conjugate/conjunction peccancy peccant coniuro:to take an oath together,plot,conspire. quis who,which conspexit (s/he)caught sight of respondit (s/he)replied conspicio,conspicere,conspexi,conspectum 3 se her(him/them)self desiit (s/he)stopped stat s/he stands desino-ere desii stop abandon sto-are,steti,statum Istand,stand still desisto-ere stop sterto-ere 3 snore eam her stertor stertorous eius his/her te [acc.]you excitere excito wake,arouse,excite tendens stretching furtim secretly tendo-ere 3 stretch furtive鬼鬼祟祟的take a furtive glance valeo-ere to be well insolens,insolentis adj. volebat (s/he)wanted Commentari L.注意：conspexit是完成时conspexi的第三人称单数，拉丁语中多用完成时表示过去某时刻完成了事 件（详见Wheelock75页）。下文中desiit也是完成时desi的第三人称单数。还有：susurravit,rogavit, 2.quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat because he could see Stephen looking at him.spectantem spectare I specta->spectans(gen.spectantis )>spectantem, 本课中现在分词还有： 6
CAPITVLVM VNDECIMVM CAP.XI ‘Lucia, quid spectas?’ susurravit Egberta. ‘Nil, praeter illum, qui dormit, discipulum,’ Lucia respondit. Iam Paulus etiam Luciam spectabat. ‘Quis est ille puer qui te spectat?’ rogavit mater. ‘Quis puer?’ ‘Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat,’ inquit Egberta ridens. ‘Eho, nunc abbas praedicabit.’ Egberta tamen ridere desiit ubi Benedictum se ipsam spectantem conspexit. ‘Insolentissimos monachos!’ susurravit Egberta, et Karolus, coniunx, eam audiens rogavit: ‘Mea carissima, vales-ne?’ Interea Stephanus Augustinum dormientem adhuc stertentemque spectabat. Paulus Stephanum spectabat et ‘Cave, Augustine!’ susurravit, ‘nunc est cantandum.’ ‘Abi!’ respondit magna voce Augustinus. ‘Volo dormire.’ Omnes in ecclesia vocem eius audire poterant. ‘Ora pro nobis peccatoribus,’ cantabat abbas, palmas ad caelum tendens. Vocabula nova illum [acc.] that one, him insolent; immoderate proximus-a-um next, nearest ipsam her(self) abi go away! inf. order. nil (nihil) nothing abeo abire ora pro nobis peccatoribus pray for us sinners carissimus-a-um dearest oro-are ora 单数命令式 cave look out palma-ae [f] palm coniunx-gis [m/f] husband/wife peccator-is [m] sinner conjugate /conjunction peccancy peccant coniuro : to take an oath together, plot, conspire. quis who, which conspexit (s/he) caught sight of respondit (s/he) replied conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectum 3 se her(him/them)self desiit (s/he) stopped stat s/he stands desino-ere desii stop abandon sto-are, steti, statum 1stand, stand still desisto-ere stop sterto-ere 3 snore eam her stertor stertorous eius his/her te [acc.] you excitere excito wake, arouse，excite tendens stretching furtim secretly tendo-ere 3 stretch furtive 鬼鬼祟祟的 take a furtive glance valeo-ere to be well insolens, insolentis adj. volebat (s/he) wanted Commentari 1. 注意：conspexit 是完成时 conspexi 的第三人称单数，拉丁语中多用完成时表示过去某时刻完成了事 件（详见 Wheelock 75 页）。下文中 desiit 也是完成时 desii 的第三人称单数。还有：susurravit, rogavit, 2. quod Stephanum eum spectantem videre poterat because he could see Stephen looking at him. spectantem spectare 1 specta->spectans(gen. spectantis ) >spectantem; 本课中现在分词还有: 6
dormienti,dormire 4 dormientis dormienti(dat/abl) ridens, ridere2 ridens audiens, audire 4 audiens dormientem stertentem,stertere 3 stertentis stertentem tendens tentere 3 3.Egberta filiam furtim spectantem unum ex discipulis qui in choro cantabant conspexit Egberta saw her daughter secretly glancing at one of the students who were singing in the choir. 4.Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat That boy who is standing next to the one who is asleep. 5.nunc est cantandum.Now you must sing.cantandum est将来被动形动词(“被动迂说法”) 6.Ora pro nobis peccatoribus Pray for us sinners 7.palmas ad caelum tendens raising his palms to the sky.tendens tendo--ere3>tend-ess现在分i词 >
dormienti, dormire 4 dormientis dormienti (dat/abl) ridens, ridere 2 ridens audiens, audire 4 audiens dormientem , stertentem, stertere 3 stertentis stertentem tendens tentere 3 3. Egberta filiam furtim spectantem unum ex discipulis qui in choro cantabant conspexit Egberta saw her daughter secretly glancing at one of the students who were singing in the choir. 4. Puer ille qui proximus dormienti stat That boy who is standing next to the one who is asleep. 5. nunc est cantandum. Now you must sing. cantandum est 将来被动形动词（“被动迂说法”） 6. Ora pro nobis peccatoribus Pray for us sinners 7. palmas ad caelum tendens raising his palms to the sky. tendens tendo-ere 3> tend-ens 现在分词 7
