CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 第十七讲 异态动词 ● 特殊异态动词加夺格 ● 形容词的比较 ● 副词的构成与比较级 ● 课文Paulus and Lucia(XVII) Part 1语法 一异态动词 英语称作the deponent verbs,指拉丁语中某些表主动态的动词却在所有或部分场合里永远以 被动态的形式出现。拉丁语中的这类相异动词是古印欧语中间态动词形式的残留，一般可被 分作完全相异动词和部分相异动词。 完全相异动词，指某些表主动态的动词原形及其不定式、完成态和分词形态都只有被动 态的形式。如：动词conor[尝试、试图]是原形，不定式是conari,完成态和分词态都是 conatus。三者都是被动态的形式。 半相异动词，指某些表主动态的动词原形及其不定式、完成态和分词形态既有主动态 的形式，又有被动态的形式。如：动词audeo[敢于]原形是主动态，不定式audere也是主 动态：而一旦使用完成态和分词态却成了ausus,.变成了被动态。 此类动词不多，然需小心记忆。由于缺乏主动形态，此类动词在词典里只列出三个主要部分： 直陈现在时第一人称（被动 现在时不定式（被动形式） 直陈现在完成时第一人称 形式) (被动形式) hortor,I urge hortari,to urge hortatus (-a,-um)sum,I urged fateor,I confess fateri,to confess fassus(-a,-um)sum,/ confessed sequor,I follow sequi,to follow secutus(-a,-um)sum, followed molior,I work at moliri,to work at molitus (-a,-um)sum, worked at patior,I suffer pati,to suffer passus(-a,-um)sum,I suffered 变位：
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 第十七讲 异态动词 特殊异态动词加夺格 形容词的比较 副词的构成与比较级 课文 Paulus and Lucia(XVII) Part 1 语法 一 异态动词 英语称作 the deponent verbs，指拉丁语中某些表主动态的动词却在所有或部分场合里永远以 被动态的形式出现。拉丁语中的这类相异动词是古印欧语中间态动词形式的残留，一般可被 分作完全相异动词和部分相异动词。 完全相异动词，指某些表主动态的动词原形及其不定式、完成态和分词形态都只有被动 态的形式。如：动词 conor[尝试、试图] 是原形，不定式是 conari，完成态和分词态都是 conatus。三者都是被动态的形式。 半相异动词， 指某些表主动态的动词原形及其不定式、完成态和分词形态既有主动态 的形式，又有被动态的形式。如：动词 audeo[敢于] 原形是主动态，不定式 audere 也是主 动态；而一旦使用完成态和分词态却成了 ausus，变成了被动态。 此类动词不多，然需小心记忆。由于缺乏主动形态，此类动词在词典里只列出三个主要部分： 直陈现在时第一人称（被动 形式） 现在时不定式（被动形式） 直陈现在完成时第一人称 （被动形式） hortor, I urge hortārī, to urge hortātus (-a, -um) sum, I urged fateor, I confess fatērī, to confess fassus (-a, -um) sum, I confessed sequor, I follow sequī, to follow secūtus (-a, -um) sum, I followed mōlior, I work at mōlīrī, to work at mōlītus (-a, -um) sum, I worked at patior, I suffer patī, to suffer passus (-a, -um) sum, I suffered 变位：
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 被动表主动动词的变位与普通动词遵循同样的规则，区别仅仅在于它们少了所有主动的部 分。 分词与不定式： 分词： 现在分词（在此主动表主动） hortans,urging sequens,following 完成时分词（在此被动表主 hortatus-a-um,having urged secutus-a-um,having 动) followed 将来时主动分词 hortaturus -a-um,about to secuturus-a um,about to urge follow 将来时被动分词（在此被动 hortandus-a-um,to be urged sequendus -a um.to be 表被动) followed 不定式： 现在时 hortari,to urge sequt,to follow 完成时 hortatus-a-um esse,to have secutus-a-um esse,to have urged followed 将来时（在此主动表主动） hortaturus -a-um esse,to be secuturus -a -um esse,to be about to urge about to follow 现在时命令式： 此类动词的现在时命令式在第二人称单数时，形式与直陈现在时第二人称单数的替换形式相 同：同时也与不存在的“主动不定式”形式相同。 现在时命令式的复数第二人称则与复数第二人称的直陈现在时形式相同。 hortare fatere sequere molire patere hortamini fateminT sequimini mōliminT patimini 不完全被动表主动的动词semi-deponent verbs
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 被动表主动动词的变位与普通动词遵循同样的规则，区别仅仅在于它们少了所有主动的部 分。 分词与不定式： 分词： 现在分词（在此主动表主动） hortāns, urging sequēns, following 完成时分词（在此被动表主 动） hortātus -a -um, having urged secūtus -a -um, having followed 将来时主动分词 hortātūrus -a -um, about to urge secūtūrus -a um, about to follow 将来时被动分词（在此被动 表被动） hortandus -a -um, to be urged sequendus -a um, to be followed 不定式： 现在时 hortārī, to urge sequī, to follow 完成时 hortātus -a -um esse, to have urged secūtus -a -um esse, to have followed 将来时（在此主动表主动） hortātūrus -a -um esse, to be about to urge secūtūrus -a -um esse, to be about to follow 现在时命令式： 此类动词的现在时命令式在第二人称单数时，形式与直陈现在时第二人称单数的替换形式相 同；同时也与不存在的“主动不定式”形式相同。 现在时命令式的复数第二人称则与复数第二人称的直陈现在时形式相同。 hortāre fatēre sequere mōlīre patere hortāminī fatēminī sequiminī mōlīminī patiminī 不完全被动表主动的动词 semi-deponent verbs
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 此类动词在现在时系统中为正常动词，而在完成时系统中则为被动表主动的动词： aude6.I dare audere,to dare ausus sum.dared gaude6,I rejoice gaudere,to rejoice gavisus sum,I rejoiced 二特殊异态动词加夺格 夺格表工具在一些特殊的被动表主动动词中有固定用法。其中最常见的是to(及其合成 词)，其他还有fruor,to enjoy,fungor,to perform,potior,,to possess,和vescor,.to eat. ūtor(使用，使..感到愉快)事实上是一个反身动词，字面意义是“通过某种方式使自己 得到好处” Otitur stilo. he is benefiting himself by means of a pencil..他用一支铅笔来使自己得到好处。（字面，意义） he is using a pencil.他在用铅笔。（实际意义） Non audent uti navibus.they do not dare to use the ships. Non ausi sunt uti navibus.they did not dare to use the ships. 更多被动表主动动词的例子： 1 Eum patientem haec mala hortatT sunt. They encouraged him (as he was)suffering these evils. 2 Eum passurum haec mala hortati sunt
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 此类动词在现在时系统中为正常动词，而在完成时系统中则为被动表主动的动词： audeō, I dare audēre, to dare ausus sum, I dared gaudeō, I rejoice gaudēre, to rejoice gāvīsus sum, I rejoiced 二 特殊异态动词加夺格 夺格表工具在一些特殊的被动表主动动词中有固定用法。其中最常见的是 ūtor（及其合成 词），其他还有 fruor, to enjoy, fungor, to perform, potior, to possess, 和 vēscor, to eat. ūtor （使用，使……感到愉快）事实上是一个反身动词，字面意义是“通过某种方式使自己 得到好处” Ūtitur stilō. he is benefiting himself by means of a pencil. 他用一支铅笔来使自己得到好处。（字面意义） he is using a pencil.他在用铅笔。（实际意义） Nōn audent ūtī nāvibus. they do not dare to use the ships. Nōn ausī sunt ūtī nāvibus. they did not dare to use the ships. 更多被动表主动动词的例子： 1 Eum patientem haec mala hortātī sunt. They encouraged him (as he was) suffering these evils. 2 Eum passūrum haec mala hortātī sunt
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII They encouraged him (as he was)about to suffer these evils. 3 Is,haec mala passus,hortandus est. This man,having suffered these evils,ought to be encouraged. 4 Is haec mala fortiter patietur. He will suffer these evils bravely. 5 Eum sequere et haec molire. Follow him and work at these things. 6 Eum sequt et haec moliri non ausus es. You did not dare to follow him and work at these things. 7 Eum sequeris/sequeris. You are following/will follow him. 8 Eum hortemur et sequamur. Let us encourage and follow him. 9 Cicero Graecis litteris utebatur. Cicero used to enjoy Greek Literature. 二形容词的比较(Comparison of Adjectives) 1形容词的比较级 拉丁文的形容词如同英语，有原级、比较级、最高级。本讲介绍形容词的比较级和最高 级的构成。 比较级构成：词根+-ior(阴、阳性)，-ius(中性)：-ioris,gen属格 最高级构成：词根+-issimus,-issima,-issimum 原级 比较级 最高级 carus -a -um carior,-ius carissimus-a-um (dear) (dearer) (dearest) longus-a-um longior-ius longissimus-a-um (long) (longer) (longest) fortis -e fortior,-ius fortissimus -a -um
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII They encouraged him (as he was) about to suffer these evils. 3 Is, haec mala passus, hortandus est. This man, having suffered these evils, ought to be encouraged. 4 Is haec mala fortiter patiētur. He will suffer these evils bravely. 5 Eum sequere et haec mōlīre. Follow him and work at these things. 6 Eum sequī et haec mōlīrī nōn ausus es. You did not dare to follow him and work at these things. 7 Eum sequeris/sequēris. You are following/will follow him. 8 Eum hortēmur et sequāmur. Let us encourage and follow him. 9 Cicerō Graecīs litterīs ūtēbātur. Cicero used to enjoy Greek Literature. 二 形容词的比较（Comparison of Adjectives） 1 形容词的比较级 拉丁文的形容词如同英语，有原级、比较级、最高级。本讲介绍形容词的比较级和最高 级的构成。 比较级构成：词根+-ior（阴、阳性），-ius（中性）；-iōris，gen 属格 最高级构成：词根+-issimus, -issima, -issimum 原级 比较级 最高级 cārus -a -um (dear) cārior, -ius (dearer) cārissimus -a -um (dearest) longus -a -um (long) longior -ius (longer) longissimus -a -um (longest) fortis -e fortior, -ius fortissimus -a -um
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII (brave) (braver) (bravest) felix,gen felicis felicior -ius felicissimus -a-um (happy) (happier) (happiest) potens gen potentis potentior-ius potentissimus-a-um (powerful) (more powerful) (most powerful) sapiens gen sapientis sapientior -ius sapientissimus -a-um (wise) (wiser) (wisest) 拉丁语中的形容词也有规则和不规则之分，如 bonus(good),melior(better), optimus(best) malus(bad), peior(worst), pessimus(worst) magnus(great),maior(greater),maximus(greatest) parvus(small), minor(smaller), minimus(smalles） 2形容词比较级的变格 最高级的变格很简单。比较级是第3变格的形容词，并且阴阳性词尾相同。然而它们的 变格遵循名词第3变格的形式，也就是说，它们没有ⅰ词干形容词变格的一些特征（如单数 夺格-i,复数属格-ium,或中性复数主格/宾格的-ia词尾)。 下面是变格举例：fortis(m/)forte(n)adj勇敢 阳性/阴性 中性 单数 Nom fortior fortius Acc fortiorem fortius Gen fortioris fortioris Dat fortiorr fortiorr Abl fortiore fortiore 复数 Nom fortiores fortiora Acc fortiores fortiora Gen fortiorum fortiorum Dat fortioribus fortiōribus Abl fortioribus fortioribus 翻译： 比较级一般翻译成“更…”，最高级翻译成“最.”，但也有一些时候比较级的意思是“实 在...”、“很.”、“太.”，比如lux clarior(很亮、忒亮的光)，vita eius erat brevior(他 她的生命太短了)。最高级有时候翻译为非常”，尤其是暗含“与常规状况相比”的意思，如 vita eius erat brevissima(他/她的生命非常非常短。) 3quam与比较级和最高级 quam跟在比较级后面就相当于英语的than”引入比较的对象一“比（某人/某物/某事）”。 quam后面的词在变格、结构上都与比较的前者一致： Hi libri sunt clariores quam illi.These books are more famous than those. Dicit hos libros esse clariores quam illos.He says that these books are more famous than those. quam还可加于形容词最高级之前，表示“最大程度的/地…”，就是英语的“as.as possible
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII (brave) (braver) (bravest) fēlīx, gen fēlīcis (happy) fēlīcior -ius (happier) fēlīcissimus -a -um (happiest) potēns gen potentis (powerful) potentior -ius (more powerful) potentissimus -a -um (most powerful) sapiēns gen sapientis (wise) sapientior -ius (wiser) sapientissimus -a -um (wisest) 拉丁语中的形容词也有规则和不规则之分，如 bonus(good) , melior(better) , optimus( best) malus(bad), peior(worst), pessimus(worst) magnus(great), maior( greater), maximus(greatest) parvus(small), minor(smaller), minimus( smallest) 2 形容词比较级的变格 最高级的变格很简单。比较级是第 3 变格的形容词，并且阴阳性词尾相同。然而它们的 变格遵循名词第 3 变格的形式，也就是说，它们没有 i 词干形容词变格的一些特征（如单数 夺格-ī，复数属格-ium，或中性复数主格/宾格的-ia 词尾）。 下面是变格举例：fortis(m/f) forte(n) adj 勇敢 阳性/阴性 中性 单数 Nom Acc Gen Dat Abl fortior fortiōrem fortiōris fortiōrī fortiōre fortius fortius fortiōris fortiōrī fortiōre 复数 Nom Acc Gen Dat Abl fortiōrēs fortiōrēs fortiōrum fortiōribus fortiōribus fortiōra fortiōra fortiōrum fortiōribus fortiōribus 翻译： 比较级一般翻译成“更……”，最高级翻译成“最……”，但也有一些时候比较级的意思是“实 在……”、“很……”、“太……”，比如 lūx clārior（很亮、忒亮的光），vīta eius erat brevior（他 /她的生命太短了）。最高级有时候翻译为“非常”，尤其是暗含“与常规状况相比”的意思，如 vīta eius erat brevissima（他/她的生命非常非常短。） 3 quam 与比较级和最高级 quam 跟在比较级后面就相当于英语的“than”引入比较的对象——“比（某人/某物/某事）”。 quam 后面的词在变格、结构上都与比较的前者一致： Hī librī sunt clāriōrēs quam illī. These books are more famous than those. Dīcit hōs librōs esse clāriōrēs quam illōs. He says that these books are more famous than those. quam 还可加于形容词最高级之前，表示“最大程度的/地„„”，就是英语的“as...as possible
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII “as.as one can be”。 Amicus meus erat vir quam iucundissimus.My friend was the pleasantest man possible. 你一定还记得：Tam bene quam potestis semper Linguam Latinam pronuntiate,.discipulTet discipulae!((这里是副词bene加比较quam) 4夺格表比较 以上所述是常规方法，而下面则特别需要注意： 若比较的前项（如A.quam B中的A)是主格nom或宾格acc,则quam常常会省略，而 省略quam之后的比较后项(B项)则采用夺格abl,即“夺格表比较”的用法。 Consilia tua sunt clariora lnce.Your plans are clearer than light. 原句=consilia tua sunt clariora quam lux Quis in Italia erat clarior Cicerone?Who in Italy was more famous than Cicero? Vidi paucos feliciores patre tuo.I have seen few men happier than your father. 三副词的构成和比较级 1原级： 一二种变格的形容词变副词一般在词干后加-ē longe(来自longus-a-um) libere(来自liber,libera liberum) pulchre(来自pulcher-chra-chrum) 第三变格的形容词通常在词干后加-iter;若词干以-nt-结尾，仅加-er: fortiter(来自fortis-e) celeriter(来自celer celeris celere) acriter(来自acer acris acre) feliciter(来自felix gen felicis) sapienter(来自sapiens gen sapientis) 2副词的比较级 比较级通常以-us结尾，即采用形容词比较级的中性词尾 最高级从形容词的最高级变化而来，即将形容词最高级的词尾变为-ē Quam和副词的比较级、最高级 Quam和副词连用，正如其与形容词连用相同：hic puer celerius cucurrit quam ille;illa puella quam celerrime cucurrit..然而在副词情况下通常不采用abl表比较（诗歌例外）。 3不规则的副词比较 形容词的比较级若不规则，则其所构成的副词比较级同样也不规则： 原级 比较级 最高级 longe (far) longius (farther,too far) longissime (farthest,very far)
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII “as...as one can be”。 Amīcus meus erat vir quam iūcundissimus. My friend was the pleasantest man possible. 你一定还记得：Tam bene quam potestis semper Linguam Latīnam prōnūntiāte, discipulī et discipulae!( 这里是副词 bene 加比较 quam) 4 夺格表比较 以上所述是常规方法，而下面则特别需要注意： 若比较的前项（如 A ... quam B 中的 A）是主格 nom 或宾格 acc，则 quam 常常会省略，而 省略 quam 之后的比较后项（B 项）则采用夺格 abl，即“夺格表比较”的用法。 Cōnsilia tua sunt clāriōra lūce. Your plans are clearer than light. 原句= cōnsilia tua sunt clāriōra quam lūx Quis in Italiā erat clārior Cicerōne? Who in Italy was more famous than Cicero? Vīdī paucōs fēlīciōres patre tuō. I have seen few men happier than your father. 三 副词的构成和比较级 1 原级： 一二种变格的形容词变副词一般在词干后加-ē- longē （来自 longus -a -um） līberē （来自 līber, lībera līberum） pulchrē （来自 pulcher -chra -chrum） 第三变格的形容词通常在词干后加-iter；若词干以-nt-结尾，仅加-er： fortiter （来自 fortis -e） celeriter （来自 celer celeris celere） ācriter （来自 ācer ācris ācre） fēlīciter （来自 fēlīx gen fēlīcis） sapienter （来自 sapiēns gen sapientis） 2 副词的比较级 比较级通常以-ius 结尾，即采用形容词比较级的中性词尾 最高级从形容词的最高级变化而来，即将形容词最高级的词尾变为-ē Quam 和副词的比较级、最高级 Quam 和副词连用，正如其与形容词连用相同：hic puer celerius cucurrit quam ille; illa puella quam celerrimē cucurrit. 然而在副词情况下通常不采用 abl 表比较（诗歌例外）。 3 不规则的副词比较 形容词的比较级若不规则，则其所构成的副词比较级同样也不规则： 原级 比较级 最高级 longē (far) longius (farther, too far) longissimē (farthest, very far)
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII libere(freely) liberius (more f.) liberrime(most,very f.) pulchre(beautifully) pulchrius(more b.) pulcherrime (most b.) fortiter(bravely) fortius (more b.) fortissime(most b. celeriter(quickly) celerius(more q.) celerrime(most q.) acriter (keenly) acrius(more k.) acerrime (most k.) felTciter(happily) felicius (more h.) felicissime(most h.) sapienter(wisely) sapientius (more w.) sapientissime (most w. facile(easily) facilius (more e.) facillime (most e.) bene (well) melius (better) optime(best) male(badly) peius (worse) pessime (worst) multum(much) plus(more,quantity) plurimum(most,very much) magnopere (greatly) magis (more,quality) maxime(most,especially) parum(little,not very [much]) minus (less) minime (least) (pro) prius (before,earlier) primo(first,at first) primum (in the first place) diu (for a long time) diutius(longer） diutissime (very long) primδ通常表示在时间上的第一，而primum通常表示在序列上的第一：quam primum是片 语，表尽可能快地(as soon as possible)。 Part 2 Paulus and Lucia(XVII) Gravis in dsicipulo stupor Paulus igitur,Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata,in claustrum inops animi irruit ut abbatem quaereret,'Pater,Pater,'exanimatus clamans,'Pater Abba!'Lucia vocem eius audire poterat et anxia erat. 'Quid est tibi,puer?'rogavit abbas. 'Stephanus est mortuus. 'Deliras.' 'Sincerus vero loguor!' 'O stulte puer!Cur semper vanis de somniis loqueris?Sed tibi iam pro certo dico: Pater Stephanus nuper abiit et in ecclesiam ingressus est.Patrem Ricardum ceterosque in ecclesiam ad vesperas parandas sequebatur.' Ricardum?' 'Ita vero.' 'Pater,si tibi placet,e fenestro specta ut sarcinam videas quae corpus Stephani continet-in pace requiescat.' 'Nullam sarcinam videre possum.' 'Sequere me.Pater,ut eam ipse videas.' Haud multo post duo homines redierunt Paulo dicente,'Crede mihi,o Domine, corpus Stephani illa in sarcina fuerat!
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII līberē (freely) līberius (more f.) līberrimē (most, very f.) pulchrē (beautifully) pulchrius (more b.) pulcherrimē (most b.) fortiter (bravely) fortius (more b.) fortissimē (most b.) celeriter (quickly) celerius (more q.) celerrimē (most q.) ācriter (keenly) ācrius (more k.) ācerrimē (most k.) fēlīciter (happily) fēlīcius (more h.) fēlīcissimē (most h.) sapienter (wisely) sapientius (more w.) sapientissimē (most w.) facīlē (easily) facilius (more e.) facillimē (most e.) bene (well) melius (better) optimē (best) male (badly) peius (worse) pessimē (worst) multum (much) plūs (more, quantity) plūrimum (most, very much) magnopere (greatly) magis (more, quality) maximē (most, especially) parum (little, not very [much]) minus (less) minimē (least) (prō) prius (before, earlier) prīmō (first, at first) prīmum (in the first place) diū (for a long time) diūtius (longer) diūtissimē (very long) prīmō 通常表示在时间上的第一，而 prīmum 通常表示在序列上的第一；quam prīmum 是片 语，表尽可能快地（as soon as possible）。 Part 2 Paulus and Lucia (XVII) Gravis in dsicipulo stupor Paulus igitur, Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata, in claustrum inops animi irruit ut abbatem quaereret, 'Pater, Pater,' exanimatus clamans, 'Pater Abba!' Lucia vocem eius audire poterat et anxia erat. 'Quid est tibi, puer?' rogavit abbas. 'Stephanus est mortuus.' 'Deliras.' 'Sincerus vero loquor!' 'O stulte puer! Cur semper vanis de somniis loqueris? Sed tibi iam pro certo dico: Pater Stephanus nuper abiit et in ecclesiam ingressus est. Patrem Ricardum ceterosque in ecclesiam ad vesperas parandas sequebatur.' 'Ricardum?' 'Ita vero.' 'Pater, si tibi placet, e fenestro specta ut sarcinam videas quae corpus Stephani continet - in pace requiescat.' 'Nullam sarcinam videre possum.' 'Sequere me. Pater, ut eam ipse videas.' Haud multo post duo homines redierunt Paulo dicente, 'Crede mihi, o Domine, corpus Stephani illa in sarcina fuerat!
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 'Iam satis rumorum.Hoc tempore nos in ecclesia,ut vesperas dicamus,adesse debemus.Tu,o puer,amore es captus.Ah,ecce,Pater Ricarde,'inquit abbas adeunte Ricardo.'Pater Ricarde,gravis in hoc discipulo stupor esse videtur;itaque ad medicum statim est ducendus.' 'Libenter eum ducam,mi Domine,'respondit Ricardus. 'Immo!vera dico,'clamavit Paulus. 'Puer sane est inops animi.' Subito saeviens,furiosissima,exanimataque,irruit Lucia. Commentaria 1 Paulus igitur,Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata,in claustrum inops animi irruit ut abbatem quaereret So while Lucia was still hidden in the eaves Paul was going mental as he raced into the cloister to look for the abbot; Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata独立夺格.celata celo celare 1 ut quaer.eret 3 IMPF ACTIVE SUB: exanimatus clamans,he shouted breathlessly clamans pre.p 2 Deliras You're crazy 3 Sincerus vero loguor I'm telling you the truth;loquor dep. 4 Cur semper vanis de somniis loqueris?Why do you always speak of idle fantasies? 5 Patrem Ricardum ceterosque in ecclesiam ad vesperas parandas sequebatur He was following Father Richard and the others into the church to prepare for vespers 6 Pater,si tibi placet,e fenestro specta ut sarcinam videas quae corpus Stephani continet-in pace requiescat Fatherplease look out of the window so that you may see the sack which contains Stephen's body-may he rest in peace,specta spectare的命令式 7 Haud multo post duo homines redierunt Paulo dicente Not long afterwards the two men returned with Paulo saying.Paulo dicente独立夺格 8 lam satis rumorum Now that's enough char1er。形容词加属格 9 Tu,o puer,amore es captus You.boy.have been overcome with an infatation captus 3 PASSIVE PPL capio,capere,cepi,captus 3 take hold,seize 10 gravis in hoc discipulo stupor esse videtur this student seems to be suffering from a severe case of senselessness 11 Subito saeviens,furiosissima,exanimataque,irruit Lucia Suddenly.in a most furious rage,in rushed breathless Lucia.saeviens现在分词：furios-issima形容词的最高级furios-us-a-um,furios-ior,furios-issimus Vocabula nova contineo-ere contain.hold haud not deliro-are-avi be silly,insane irruit irruo,irruere,irrui,irrutum 3 rush into delirious精神错乱 ingredior-i,ingressus sum enter exanimatus完成时分词breathless inops animi out of his mind exanimo-are 1 exhaust;be out of breath; inops,inopis adj.helpless;lacking furiosus-a-um adj furious,mad,frantic,wild libenter gladly
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 'Iam satis rumorum. Hoc tempore nos in ecclesia, ut vesperas dicamus, adesse debemus. Tu, o puer, amore es captus. Ah, ecce, Pater Ricarde,' inquit abbas adeunte Ricardo. 'Pater Ricarde, gravis in hoc discipulo stupor esse videtur; itaque ad medicum statim est ducendus.' 'Libenter eum ducam, mi Domine,' respondit Ricardus. 'Immo! vera dico,' clamavit Paulus. 'Puer sane est inops animi.' Subito saeviens, furiosissima, exanimataque, irruit Lucia. Commentaria 1 Paulus igitur, Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata, in claustrum inops animi irruit ut abbatem quaereret So while Lucia was still hidden in the eaves Paul was going mental as he raced into the cloister to look for the abbot; Lucia in trabibus adhuc celata 独立夺格.celata celo celare 1 ut + quaer.eret 3 IMPF ACTIVE SUB; exanimatus clamans, he shouted breathlessly clamans pre.p 2 Deliras You’re crazy 3 Sincerus vero loquor I’m telling you the truth; loquor dep. 4 Cur semper vanis de somniis loqueris? Why do you always speak of idle fantasies? 5 Patrem Ricardum ceterosque in ecclesiam ad vesperas parandas sequebatur He was following Father Richard and the others into the church to prepare for vespers 6 Pater, si tibi placet, e fenestro specta ut sarcinam videas quae corpus Stephani continet - in pace requiescat Father,please look out of the window so that you may see the sack which contains Stephen’s body – may he rest in peace; specta spectare 的命令式 7 Haud multo post duo homines redierunt Paulo dicente Not long afterwards the two men returned with Paulo saying. Paulo dicente 独立夺格 8 Iam satis rumorum Now that’s enough chatter。形容词加属格 9 Tu, o puer, amore es captus You, boy, have been overcome with an infatuation captus 3 PASSIVE PPL capio, capere, cepi, captus 3 take hold, seize 10 gravis in hoc discipulo stupor esse videtur this student seems to be suffering from a severe case of senselessness 11 Subito saeviens, furiosissima, exanimataque, irruit Lucia Suddenly, in a most furious rage, in rushed breathless Lucia. saeviens 现在分词；furios-issima 形容词的最高级 furios-us-a-um; furios-ior, furios-issimus Vocabula nova contineo-ere contain, hold deliro-are-avi be silly, insane delirious 精神错乱 exanimatus 完成时分词 breathless exanimo-are 1 exhaust; be out of breath; furiosus-a-um adj furious, mad, frantic, wild haud not irruit irruo, irruere, irrui, irrutum 3 rush into ingredior-i, ingressus sum enter inops animi out of his mind inops, inopis adj. helpless; lacking libenter gladly
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII libenter,libentius,libentissime ADV somnium-i [n]dream,fantasy medicus-i [m]doctor omnambulant walking while asleep mortuus-a-um adj.dead stultus-a-um foolish nuper recently stupor-is [m]senselessness pro certo for certain tum then,next;besides;at that time sane adv.certainly,truly;however;yes, tempore abl tempus,temporis 3 [N] saeviens saevio-ire rage vanus-a-um empty,false sequere follow!pres.imp vesperas acc,.vespera--ae[F]evening,.晚祷 sequor,sequi,secutus sum DEP follow;escort Puer turpissimus! 'Domina Lucia?Quid tibi est in hoc loco?'rogavit abbas e solio surgens. 'Ille est peior quam diabolus!'exclamavit illa,gestu in Paulum attonitum furiosissimo. 'Si vis,o virgo.placidior sis,'inquit abbas. 'Semper mihi versus lascivos mittit.Tacere volui sed me pudor vetat.' 'Versus?Cuius versus?' Catulli carmina amatoria.' 'Catulli?In hac ecclesia?Quid dicis,puer?' 'Immo,numquam huic virgini versus Catulli misi,'inquit Paulus iam ipse anxius. 'Ecce liber,'inquit virgo,simul et abbati librum quem ex Augustino petiverat tradens. Tum ore Pauli manu percusso,'Ille,'inquit Lucia,'est scelestus et turpissimus!' 'Mea carissima,desiste,'inquit abbas,mollire eam conans. 'Ignoscas mi.Pater Abba!'et illa flere incepit. Crimina,o puer,audivisti.Quid dices?'Iam plurimi monachi aderant. 'Nescio,Domine,nescio.' "Tu ergo poenas valde dabis,miserrime!'et Paulo secundum ictum dedit. 'Desiste,Pater Abba!'exclamavit Lucia. 'Rogas ut desistam?Ille tamen castigari debet!' 'Certe poenas dabit,sed Comes Karolus ipse iudicare vult.Reus ad castellum statim in vinclis ducendus.' 'Illum videre volet Comes Karolus?' 'Certe.Ille filiam suam curat.' 'Esto,'inquit abbas,'Peregrini quidam hodie monasterium relinquent qui vos ad castellum comitentur,'sic locutus librum Augustini in ignem iniecit.Deinde cum monachi reum deduxissent,omnibus praeter se ipsum atque Ricardum digressis, 'Impera ut puerum virginemque trucident,'susurravit abbas. Commentaria 1 Quid tibi est in hoc loco What business have you in this place?loco abl.locus luci 2e solio surgens rising from his chair,surgens pre.p surgo,surgere,surrexi,surrectus 3 rise,lift,grow, 3 Ille est peior quam diabolus That fellow is worse than the devil,pei.or adj comp.malus,mala-um,pejor-or-us; bad,evil,wicked;ugly
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII libenter, libentius, libentissime ADV medicus-i [m] doctor mortuus-a-um adj. dead nuper recently pro certo for certain sane adv. certainly, truly; however; yes, saeviens saevio-ire rage sequere follow! pres. imp sequor, sequi, secutus sum DEP follow; escort somnium-i [n] dream, fantasy omnambulant walking while asleep stultus-a-um foolish stupor-is [m] senselessness tum then, next; besides; at that time tempore abl tempus, temporis 3 [N] vanus-a-um empty, false vesperas acc, vespera-ae [F] evening, 晚祷 Puer turpissimus! 'Domina Lucia? Quid tibi est in hoc loco?' rogavit abbas e solio surgens. 'Ille est peior quam diabolus!' exclamavit illa, gestu in Paulum attonitum furiosissimo. 'Si vis, o virgo. placidior sis,' inquit abbas. 'Semper mihi versus lascivos mittit. Tacere volui sed me pudor vetat.' 'Versus? Cuius versus?' 'Catulli carmina amatoria.' 'Catulli? In hac ecclesia? Quid dicis, puer?' ' Immo, numquam huic virgini versus Catulli misi,' inquit Paulus iam ipse anxius. 'Ecce liber,' inquit virgo, simul et abbati librum quem ex Augustino petiverat tradens. Tum ore Pauli manu percusso, 'Ille,' inquit Lucia, 'est scelestus et turpissimus!' 'Mea carissima, desiste,' inquit abbas, mollire eam conans. 'Ignoscas mi. Pater Abba!' et illa flere incepit. 'Crimina, o puer, audivisti. Quid dices?' Iam plurimi monachi aderant. 'Nescio, Domine, nescio.' 'Tu ergo poenas valde dabis, miserrime!' et Paulo secundum ictum dedit. 'Desiste, Pater Abba!' exclamavit Lucia. 'Rogas ut desistam? Ille tamen castigari debet!' 'Certe poenas dabit, sed Comes Karolus ipse iudicare vult. Reus ad castellum statim in vinclis ducendus.' 'Illum videre volet Comes Karolus?' 'Certe. Ille filiam suam curat.' 'Esto,' inquit abbas, 'Peregrini quidam hodie monasterium relinquent qui vos ad castellum comitentur,' sic locutus librum Augustini in ignem iniecit. Deinde cum monachi reum deduxissent, omnibus praeter se ipsum atque Ricardum digressis, 'Impera ut puerum virginemque trucident,' susurravit abbas. Commentaria 1 Quid tibi est in hoc loco ? What business have you in this place? loco abl. locus luci 2 e solio surgens rising from his chair; surgens pre. p surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus 3 rise, lift; grow; 3 Ille est peior quam diabolus That fellow is worse than the devil; pei.or adj comp. malus, mala -um, pejor -or -us; bad, evil, wicked; ugly
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 4 gestu in Paulum attonitum furiosissimo with a very angry gesture towards the astonished Paul. gestu..furiosissimo独立夺格 5 Sivis,o virgo.placidior sis Please,oung lady,calm down,sis esse的虚拟式2 6 Tacere volui sed me pudor vetat I wanted to hush it up,but shame forbids me;pudor -is3 n 7 numquam huic virgini versus Catulli misi I've never sent poems ofCatullus to this girl;versus 4 nom.sg/pl acc.pl;misi mitto,mittere,misi,missum 3 send 8 inquit virgo,imul et abbati librum quem ex Augustino petiverat tradens said the young girl,and so saying handed the abbot the book which she had obtained from Augustine; 9 Tum ore Pauli manu percusso Then she struck Paul's face with her hand;manu percusso abs.abl.ore dat.abl os,oris 3 I0 mollire eam conans仍ing to calm her,conans异态动词的现在分词 11 Tu ergo poenas valde dabis,miserrime!',et Paulo secundum ictum dedit "Then Iwill give youa severely punished.you wretch!'and he gave a second blow to Paul,do,dare,dedi,datum;valde adv.very,greatly 12 Rogas ut desistam?Ille tamen castigari debet!You ask me to stop?But he ought to be punished!Castigari inf. Pass.命令式被动态用异态动词：rogo,rogare,rogavi,rogatum1ask,ask for,invite,desist..am SUB1S desisto-ere,destiti,destitum 3stop/cease/desist 13 Reus ad castellum statim in vinclis ducendus The defendant must be taken immediately to the castle under guard 14 qui vos ad castellum comitentur They can escort you to the castle;comitentur sub.3 pl.comitor,comitari, comitatus sum 1 DEP guard/escort;accompany 15 sic locutus librum Augustini in ignem iniecit (having said)saying this he threw Augustine's book into the fire; locutus dep.3完成时分词loquor,loqui,locutus sum3 DEP speak,tel业；talk 16 Deinde cum monachi reum deduxissent,omnibus praeter se ipsum atque Ricardum digressis Then.afier the monks had taken the prisoner away,and everyone other than he himself and Richard had departed,dedux-issent PLUP ACTIVE SUB 3 P deduco,deducere,deduxi,deductus 3 lead/draw//pull/bring. Omnibus...digressis abso.alb.digress.is 3 1 ABL digredior,digredi,digressus sum 3 DEP depart 17 Impera ut puerum virginemque trucident Tell them to kill the boy and the girl trucid.ent SUB 3 P trucido-are-avi-atum I slaughter,butcher,massacre;virgo,virginis Vocabula nova
CAPITVLVM SEPTIVM DECIMVM CAP.XVII 4 gestu in Paulum attonitum furiosissimo with a very angry gesture towards the astonished Paul. gestu…furiosissimo 独立夺格 5 Si vis, o virgo. placidior sis Please, young lady, calm down; sis esse 的虚拟式 2 6 Tacere volui sed me pudor vetat I wanted to hush it up, but shame forbids me; pudor -is3 n 7 numquam huic virgini versus Catulli misi I’ve never sent poems of Catullus to this girl; versus 4 nom.sg/pl acc.pl; misi mitto, mittere, misi, missum 3 send 8 inquit virgo, imul et abbati librum quem ex Augustino petiverat tradens said the young girl, and so saying handed the abbot the book which she had obtained from Augustine; 9 Tum ore Pauli manu percusso Then she struck Paul’s face with her hand; manu percusso abs. abl. ore dat. abl os, oris 3 10 mollire eam conans trying to calm her; conans 异态动词的现在分词 11 „Tu ergo poenas valde dabis, miserrime!‟ , et Paulo secundum ictum dedit “Then I will give you a severely punished, you wretch!’ and he gave a second blow to Paul; do, dare, dedi, datum; valde adv. very, greatly 12 Rogas ut desistam? Ille tamen castigari debet! You ask me to stop? But he ought to be punished! Castigari inf. Pass. 命令式被动态用异态动词；rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatum 1 ask, ask for; invite; desist.am SUB 1 S desisto-ere, destiti, destitum 3stop/cease/desist 13 Reus ad castellum statim in vinclis ducendus The defendant must be taken immediately to the castle under guard 14 qui vos ad castellum comitentur They can escort you to the castle; comitentur sub.3 pl. comitor, comitari, comitatus sum 1 DEP guard/escort; accompany 15 sic locutus librum Augustini in ignem iniecit （having said）saying this he threw Augustine’s book into the fire; locutus dep. 3 完成时分词 loquor, loqui, locutus sum 3 DEP speak, tell; talk 16 Deinde cum monachi reum deduxissent, omnibus praeter se ipsum atque Ricardum digressis Then, after the monks had taken the prisoner away, and everyone other than he himself and Richard had departed; dedux-issent PLUP ACTIVE SUB 3 P deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductus 3 lead/draw//pull/bring; Omnibus … digressis abso. alb. digress.is 3 1 ABL digredior, digredi, digressus sum 3 DEP depart 17 Impera ut puerum virginemque trucident Tell them to kill the boy and the girl trucid.ent SUB 3 P trucido-are-avi-atum 1 slaughter, butcher, massacre; virgo, virginis Vocabula nova