第五讲 CAPITVLVM QVINTVM ● 第5变格法名词 混合(-ⅰo)变位法动词 ● 形容词(1) ● 课文:Paulus et Luica(V) Part 1语法 一第5变格法名词 1单数属格词尾为-i的名词,称第5变格法名词 如,res rei thing, dies diei day. 此类名词多为阴性:但dies(days)用于复数及其复合词meridies(midday)为阳性。 2词尾变化表 res,rei f thing dies,dieim day r-es di-es r-em di-em r-ei di-ei r-ei di-ei r-e di-e r-es di-es r-es di-es r-erum di-erum r-ebus di-ebus r-ebus di-ebus 注意:合成词respublica,-ae[f)republic要“分部”变格,即:前半部按res变格,后半部 按publica变格 s8. pl. respublica respublicae rempulicam respublicas reipublicae rerumpublicarum reipublicae rebuspublicis republica rebuspublicis 至此,拉丁语中五种变格名词全部介绍完毕,兹总结它们的词尾变化如下,便于记忆
第五讲 CAPITVLVM QVINTVM 第 5 变格法名词 混合(-io)变位法动词 形容词(1) 课文: Paulus et Luica( V) Part 1 语法 一 第 5 变格法名词 1 单数属格词尾为-ei 的名词,称第 5 变格法名词 如,res rei thing, dies diei day. 此类名词多为阴性;但 dies ( days) 用于复数及其复合词 meridies(midday) 为阳性。 2 词尾变化表 res, rei f thing dies, diei m day r-es di-es r-em di-em r-ei di-ei r-ei di-ei r-e di-e r-es di-es r-es di-es r-erum di-erum r-ebus di-ebus r-ebus di-ebus 注意:合成词 respublica, -ae[ f] republic 要“分部”变格,即:前半部按 res 变格, 后半部 按 publica 变格 sg. pl. respublica respublicae rempulicam respublicas reipublicae rerumpublicarum reipublicae rebuspublicis republica rebuspublicis 至此,拉丁语中五种变格名词全部介绍完毕,兹总结它们的词尾变化如下,便于记忆
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 五种变格词尾汇总 sg. 1[田 2[m]2[n 3m/3n] 4[m4[n 5[ nom./voc. a us/-er um us u es acc. am um um em um em gen. ae i i is is US US ei dat. ae 0 0 i 0 u ei abl a 0 0 e eli u u ei pl. nom./voc ae a es a/ia us ua es acc. as oS a es alia us ua 的 gen. arum orum orum unium um/ium uua uum erum dat. iS iS iS ibus ibus ibus ibus ebus abl 的 IS 公 ibus ibus ibus ibus ebus 注意:红色为第3变格法中复数属格-ium 建议记住教材列出的“名词代表”: 1-ae silva,silvae[f] 2-i mulus,muli;magister,magistri;puer,pueri;[m] vinum,vini[n] 3-i pater,patris[m] virgo,virgis[f] carmen,carminis;tempus,temporis[n] 4-u5 arcus,arcus;[m] manus,manus;[f] cornu,cornus n 5-ei res,rei[f] 二混合变位法动词 1混合变位法动词 不定式词尾为-ere,形式上是第3变位法动词,但却按照第4变位法变位。如:cap-io cape-re to take,to capture) 同类动词有: facio,facere,feci,factum to make: fugio,fugere,fugi,fugiturum to flee 此类动词亦称“第3变位法的-0动词”,或称“混合变位法动词”。 2混合变位法动词的现在时、将来时、未完成时 现在时 将来时 未完成时 2
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 2 五种变格词尾汇总 sg. 1[f] 2[m] 2[n] 3[m/f] 3[n] 4[m] 4[n] 5[f] nom./voc. a us/-er um -- -- us u es acc. am um um em -- um u em gen. ae i i is is us us ei dat. ae o o i i ui u ei abl. a o o e e/i u u ei pl. nom./voc. ae i a es a/ia us ua es acc. as os a es a/ia us ua es gen. arum orum orum um/ium um/ium uua uum erum dat. is is is ibus ibus ibus ibus ebus abl. is is is ibus ibus ibus ibus ebus 注意:红色为第 3 变格法中复数属格-ium 建议记住教材列出的“名词代表”: 1-ae silva, silvae[f] 2-i mulus, muli; magister, magistri; puer, pueri; [m] vinum, vini[n] 3-is pater, patris[m] virgo, virgis[f] carmen, carminis; tempus, temporis[n] 4-us arcus, arcus; [m] manus, manus; [f] cornu, cornus[n] 5-ei res, rei [ f] 二 混合变位法动词 1 混合变位法动词 不定式词尾为-ere,形式上是第 3 变位法动词,但却按照第 4 变位法变位。如:cap-io cape-re ( to take, to capture) 同类动词有: facio, facere, feci, factum to make ; fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturum to flee 此类动词亦称“第 3 变位法的-io 动词”, 或称“混合变位法动词”。 2 混合变位法动词的现在时、将来时、未完成时 现在时 将来时 未完成时
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V capi-o capl-am capi-ebam sg. capi-s capi-es capi-ebas capi-t capi-et capi-ebat capl-mus capi-emus capi-ebamus capi-tis capi-etis capi-ebatis capi-unt capi-ent capi-ebant 命令式:单数cape,复数:capite. 至此,介绍了五种动词现在时、将来时和未完成时的变位方法。现在时、将来时和未 完成时都是在“现在时词干”(现在时不定式去掉词尾-)的基础上构成,而且都是从现在 的角度来看时间,故称其为“现在时系统”。 建议,记住教材列出的五种“动词代表” ama-re,mone-re,mitt-ere,audi-re,cape-re lauda-re,mone-re,age-re,audi-re,cape-re (Wheelock Latin) 对于每一种动词,应该从两种“维度”记忆: 人称维度:单数三种人称词尾(-o/m-s-t)、复数三种人称词尾(-mus-tis-nt) 时间维度:现在时(即单、复人称词尾)、将来时(-b-;但是第3、4以及-0变位动词消 失)、未完成时(-ba-) 学会使用动词变位矩阵! 0 bam bo ebam am bas bis ebas es (lauda-re mone-re ag-ere audi-re cap-ere t bat bit ebat lauda- mone- ag-/agi-audi- capi-/cap- bamus bimus mus ebamus emus tis batis bitis tis ebatis etis nt bant bunt 1,23/4 ebant ent 三形容词(1) 1形容词变化的基本概念 (1)形容词也像名词一样有性、数、格的变化,按其词尾变化分为两类(第1类:第1、 2变格法形容词:第2类:第3变格法形容词) (2)形容词与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上一致 (3)形容词有比较级、最高级 2形容词与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上的一致 例如:sanctus episcopus(the saintly bishop), ancilla fessa the tired maid), multae feminae (many women) vinum bonum the good wine)
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 3 capi-o capi-am capi-ebam sg. capi-s capi-es capi-ebas capi-t capi-et capi-ebat capi-mus capi-emus capi-ebamus pl. capi-tis capi-etis capi-ebatis capi-unt capi-ent capi-ebant 命令式:单数 cape,复数:capite. 至此,介绍了五种动词现在时、将来时和未完成时的变位方法。现在时、将来时和未 完成时都是在“现在时词干”(现在时不定式去掉词尾-re)的基础上构成,而且都是从现在 的角度来看时间,故称其为“现在时系统”。 建议,记住教材列出的五种“动词代表” ama-re, mone-re, mitt-ere, audi-re, cape-re 或:lauda-re, mone-re, age-re, audi-re, cape-re (Wheelock Latin) 对于每一种动词,应该从两种“维度”记忆: 人称维度:单数三种人称词尾(-o/m –s –t )、复数三种人称词尾( -mus –tis –nt) 时间维度:现在时(即单、复人称词尾)、将来时(-bi- ;但是第 3、4 以及-io 变位动词消 失)、未完成时(-ba-) 学会使用动词变位矩阵! 1,2 3/4 | | lauda- mone- ag- audi- cap- | lauda- mone- ag-/agi- audi- capi-/cap- | | | o bam bo o ebam am s bas bis s ebas es re re ere re ere t bat bit t ebat et mus bamus bimus mus ebamus emus tis batis bitis tis ebatis etis nt bant bunt unt ebant en t 三 形容词(1) 1 形容词变化的基本概念 (1) 形容词也像名词一样有性、数、格的变化,按其词尾变化分为两类(第 1 类:第 1、 2 变格法形容词;第 2 类:第 3 变格法形容词) (2) 形容词与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上一致 (3) 形容词有比较级、最高级 2 形容词与所修饰的名词在性、数、格上的一致 例如: sanctus episcopus(the saintly bishop), ancilla fessa ( the tired maid) , multae feminae (many women) vinum bonum ( the good wine)
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V liber magnus the large book) 但是,这种“一致”并不意味者它们必须有相同的形式的格尾。比如liber magnus;liber 是阳性名词,故用magnus。 再如:agricola(famer)是阳性名词,但由于词尾是-a,其格尾要按阴性名词-a的格尾 变化,但是,修饰它的形容词词,却必须按照阳性格尾变化。 好农夫good famer的各种配合变格 nom. acc. gen. dat. abl sg.agricola bonus agricolam bonum agricolae boni agricolae bono agricola bono pl.agricolae boni agricolas bonos agricolaorum bonorum agricolis bonis agricolis bonis 3第1类形容词 第1类形容词按其单数三性(阳、阴、中)格尾而论,可以分成两类 (1)-us,-a,-um型 例:bonus,.bona,bonum(good 简记:bon-us,-a,-um 词千:bon- novus,nova,novum (new) nuv-us,-a,-um nov- sanus,sana,sanum (healthy/sound) san-us,-a,-um san- (2)-er,-a,-um型 例:miser,misera,miserum(wretched miser,-a,-um 词千:miser-. liber,libera,liberum (free) liber,-a,-um liber- ruber,rubra,rubrum (red) ruber,-a,-um rubr- pulcher,pulchra,pulchrum (beautiful)pulcher,-a,-um pulchr- 注意:liber一词多义:liber,.libri2N[m]book,.liber,-a-um adj..free;independent;liber,. liberi 2N [m]children (pl.) 4第1类形容词的变格 先找词干(去掉阴性单数属格词尾-,),再加词尾 (1)-us,-a,-um型按照相应的名词格尾-us,-a,um变化,即 sg. Pl m. -Us -um -1 -0-0 -i -0s -orum -is -is -a -am -ae -ae -a -ae -as -arum -iS -iS n. -um -um -i -0-0 -a -orum -is -is (2)-er,-a,um型稍有不同,有些保留-e,如liber;有些省略-e,如ruber:: uber,阳性单数主格不变,其余在词干rubr-之后,加上相应的格尾。 liber,.阳性单数主格不变,其余在词干liber--之后,加上相应的格尾。 5形容词作名词用 在拉丁语中,当形容词形容“男人”、“女人”、或“事物”的时候,作人、物的名词有时 可以省掉,形容词即作名词使用:阳性形容词用作男人(或泛指一般的人),阴性形容词用 作女人,中性形容词用以指事物或抽象的性质。 例如: 形容词 名词 bon-us,a,um boni,善良的人们:bona,财产,货物 sapi-ens,entis sapiens智者,聪明的人 omn-is,e omnes众人,人人:一切
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 4 liber magnus ( the large book) 但是,这种“一致”并不意味者它们必须有相同的形式的格尾。比如 liber magnus ; liber 是阳性名词,故用 magnus。 再如:agricola(famer )是阳性名词,但由于词尾是-a,其格尾要按阴性名词-a 的格尾 变化,但是,修饰它的形容词词,却必须按照阳性格尾变化。 好农夫 good famer 的各种配合变格 nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. sg. agricola bonus agricolam bonum agricolae boni agricolae bono agricola bono pl. agricolae boni agricolas bonos agricolaorum bonorum agricolis bonis agricolis bonis 3 第 1 类形容词 第 1 类形容词按其单数三性(阳、阴、中)格尾而论,可以分成两类 (1) –us, –a, –um 型 例: bonus, bona, bonum (good) 简记:bon-us,-a,-um 词干:bonnovus, nova, novum(new) nuv-us,-a,-um novsanus, sana, sanum(healthy/sound) san-us,-a,-um san- (2) –er, -a,-um 型 例: miser, misera, miserum(wretched) miser,-a, -um 词干:miserliber, libera, liberum (free) liber,-a,-um liber- ruber, rubra, rubrum (red) ruber,-a,-um rubrpulcher, pulchra, pulchrum(beautiful)pulcher,-a,-um pulchr- 注意:liber 一词多义:liber, libri 2N[m] book; liber, -a –um adj. free; independent ; liber, liberi 2N [m]children (pl.) 4 第 1 类形容词的变格 先找词干(去掉阴性单数属格词尾-a,),再加词尾 (1) –us,-a, -um 型按照相应的名词格尾-us,-a,um 变化,即 sg. pl. m. -us -um -i -o -o -i -os -orum -is -is f. -a -am -ae -ae -a -ae -as -arum -is -is n. -um -um -i -o -o -a -a -orum -is -is (2) –er, -a, -um 型稍有不同,有些保留-e,如 liber;有些省略-e,如 ruber; ruber,阳性单数主格不变,其余在词干 rubr-之后,加上相应的格尾。 liber, 阳性单数主格不变,其余在词干 liber-之后, 加上相应的格尾。 5 形容词作名词用 在拉丁语中,当形容词形容“男人”、“女人”、或“事物”的时候,作人、物的名词有时 可以省掉,形容词即作名词使用:阳性形容词用作男人(或泛指一般的人),阴性形容词用 作女人,中性形容词用以指事物或抽象的性质。 例如: 形容词 名词 bon-us, a, um boni,善良的人们;bona,财产,货物 sapi-ens, entis sapiens 智者,聪明的人 omn-is,e omnes 众人,人人;一切
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V Roman-us,a,um Romani罗马人 Graec-us,a um Graeci希腊人 Sanct-us,a,um Sancti圣人 paup-er,eris paupres穷人 注意:(1)形容词当名词使用时,多以复数形式出现; (2)作名词用的形容词,在使用中仍按它所属的形容词的性、数一样变格 (3)第2类形容词(见第六讲);形容词的比较级、最高级(见第八讲) Part2课文Paulus et Lucia(V) Lucia 'Quis es?Ubi habitas?'rogat Paulus. 'In castello,'inquit femina. "Tu-ne es Egberta,castelli domina?' 'Non Egberta,sed Egbertae fillia,Lucia sum.Et tu,quis es?' Sum Paulus,et in monasterio habito. “Es presbyter?:' 'Non presbyter,sed discipulus sum.' Episcopi-ne discipulus es?' 'Non episcopi sed Stephani.' Quis est Stephanus?In monasterio habitat?' 'Stephanus est monachus et scholae magister.' Me miseram!Ubi est ille caballus? Lente!Fortasse est in agris cum monasterii equis.Age,mecum ad monasterium veni.In mulum ascendas.' Quetion and answer Num femina in castello habitat Nomenne feminae est Quae est femina Ubi habitat Quis est Stephenus Ubi habitat Vocabula nova age come on!agere imper. dominate,dominator:domineer over:对..飞扬跋 ascendas虚拟式you may climb 扈,盛气凌人 ascendo-ere-endi-ensum 3 climb:Eng.ascentE episcopus--i bishop;Eng.episcopate主教衔,主 升,登高,提高:ascendant;:ascendance(y优势)片 教团:episcopacy主教制度:the Episcopal Church ascend 圣公会 caballus-i horse;.Eng.cab(出租马车)cabman出 fillia-ae daughter 租马车(汽车)驾驶人:caballero西班牙骑士 fortasse perhaps castellum-i castle ille that domina-ae lady,mistress;Eng.domain领土,领 mecum=cum+me with me 地,领域:dominance优势,支配,显性:dominant, presbyter priest;Eng.presbyter(基督教长老会)
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 5 Roman-us, a, um Romani 罗马人 Graec-us, a um Graeci 希腊人 Sanct-us, a, um Sancti 圣人 paup-er, eris paupres 穷人 注意:(1)形容词当名词使用时,多以复数形式出现; (2) 作名词用的形容词,在使用中仍按它所属的形容词的性、数一样变格 (3) 第 2 类形容词(见第六讲); 形容词的比较级、最高级(见第八讲) Part 2 课文 Paulus et Lucia (V) Lucia ‘Quis es? Ubi habitas?’ rogat Paulus. ‘In castello,’ inquit femina. ‘Tu-ne es Egberta, castelli domina?’ ‘Non Egberta, sed Egbertae fillia, Lucia sum. Et tu, quis es?’ ‘Sum Paulus, et in monasterio habito.’ ‘Es presbyter?’ ‘Non presbyter, sed discipulus sum.’ ‘Episcopi-ne discipulus es?’ ‘Non episcopi sed Stephani.’ ‘Quis est Stephanus? In monasterio habitat?’ ‘Stephanus est monachus et scholae magister.’ ‘Me miseram! Ubi est ille caballus?’ ‘Lente! Fortasse est in agris cum monasterii equis. Age, mecum ad monasterium veni. In mulum ascendas.’ Quetion and answer Num femina in castello habitat ? Nomenne feminae est ? Quae est femina ? Ubi habitat ? Quis est Stephenus ? Ubi habitat ? Vocabula nova age come on! agere imper. ascendas 虚拟式 you may climb ascendo-ere-endi-ensum 3 climb; Eng. ascent 上 升,登高,提高;ascendant; ascendance(y 优势); ascend caballus–i horse; Eng. cab (出租马车) cabman 出 租马车(汽车)驾驶人; caballero 西班牙骑士 castellum-i castle domina-ae lady, mistress; Eng. domain 领土,领 地,领域;dominance 优势,支配,显性;dominant, dominate, dominator; domineer over: 对…飞扬跋 扈,盛气凌人 episcopus-i bishop; Eng. episcopate 主教衔,主 教团;episcopacy 主教制度;the Episcopal Church 圣公会 fillia-ae daughter fortasse perhaps ille that mecum= cum+me with me presbyter priest; Eng. presbyter (基督教长老会)
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 长老,(英国圣公会)牧师:Presbyterian[宗]长老 veni come!命令式:veni-re去掉-re.venio-ire, 会教徒 veni,ventum 4 Commentarii 1 cum monasterii equis cum+abl.equis equus's abl.pl.;monasterii gen.monasterium-i 2 Age,mecum ad monasterium veni Come on,come with me to the monastery.age ago,agere,egi,actum: 1oact1 o keep going;venio--ie-i,vetum come但为什么用vei?一动词的命令式。一般规则动词的主动态 命令式的构成方法是:去掉动词的主动态不定式现在时的词尾-r,就是它的命令式单数第二人称:去掉-re 后再加-te就是它的命令式复数第二人称。(有意思的是venir命令式veni与完成时veni词形相同一巧合) 3 in mulum ascendas Get up on to the mule.in to;ascendas ascendo-ere-endi-ensum,3: ascendas动词的虚拟式(subjunctive,see第十三讲),表示命令,告诫,愿望,see pi55 E silvis veniunt Obscuram per silvam ad monasterium veniunt.Paulus mulum ducit.Lucia in mulo sedet. Mulus est lentus.Silva est umbrosa.Lucia Paulum rogat:'Episcopus-ne sanctus in monasterio manet?' 'Episcopus?Nescio.Sanctus episcopus?Vel saevus?' 'Nonne est sanctus?' 'Episcopus est saevus,quod semper Stephnaum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet.' Discipuli-ne estis boni studiosique?' Certe,semper.' 'Num vos discipuli semper boni estis?Fortasse mali,ignavi,somnulenti estis.' 'Mali?Ignavi?Nos?Iocosa es.' Cur in silva ambulas?Cur studiosus in bibliotheca non laboras? Episcopus certe est malus,gulosus,saevus,vinolentus.....' Ssst.Maledicis.Episcopus est Egbertae avunculus' Vero?Episcopus est cognatus Egbertae?Quid ergo?Hic,o Domina,est mulus.Mulus est cognatus equorum qui in monasterii agris habitant,eho mule?'Paulus ridet.Sed neque Lucia neque mulus ridet.Nunc enim mulus et Luciam et onerosas cibo multo vinoque sarcinas portat.'Ignoscas,o Lucia!'inquit Paulus.Per sivlas silentio procedunt.Mox magnos monasterii muros vident et e silvis in agros veniunt. -请找出课文中的形容词! Question and answer: Quis mulum ducit Quis in mulo sedet Cur episcopus saevus? Num discipuli semper boni estis? Quis est cognatus Egbertae?Quis est cognatus equorum? Vocabula nova avunculus-i uncle; Eng.avuncular叔伯 certe ady certainly,yes 的.(a)uncle claudere 3 to lock;claudo-ere,clausi.clausum bonus-a-um good:Eng.bon ami (Frn.):bona cose,shu,block up Eng.claustral修道院的,隐遁 fide(Latin;bony美丽的,健康的 的:claustrophilia幽闭癖 6
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 6 长老,(英国圣公会)牧师; Presbyterian [宗]长老 会教徒 veni come! 命令式:veni-re 去掉-re. venio-ire, veni, ventum 4 Commentarii 1 cum monasterii equis cum+abl. equis equus’s abl. pl. ; monasterii gen. monasterium-i 2 Age, mecum ad monasterium veni Come on, come with me to the monastery。age ago, agere, egi, actum; to act; to keep going; venio-ire-i, vetum come 但为什么用 veni ?—动词的命令式。一般规则动词的主动态 命令式的构成方法是:去掉动词的主动态不定式现在时的词尾-re,就是它的命令式单数第二人称;去掉-re 后再加-te 就是它的命令式复数第二人称。(有意思的是 venir 命令式 veni 与完成时 veni 词形相同—巧合) 3 in mulum ascendas Get up on to the mule。 in to; ascendas ascendo-ere-endi-ensum, 3; ascendas 动词的虚拟式(subjunctive, see 第十三讲),表示命令,告诫,愿望,see p155 E silvis veniunt Obscuram per silvam ad monasterium veniunt. Paulus mulum ducit. Lucia in mulo sedet. Mulus est lentus. Silva est umbrosa. Lucia Paulum rogat: ‘Episcopus-ne sanctus in monasterio manet?’ ‘Episcopus? Nescio. Sanctus episcopus? Vel saevus?’ ‘Nonne est sanctus?’ ‘Episcopus est saevus, quod semper Stephnaum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet.’ ‘Discipuli-ne estis boni studiosique?’ ‘Certe, semper.’ ‘Num vos discipuli semper boni estis? Fortasse mali, ignavi, somnulenti estis.’ ‘Mali? Ignavi? Nos? Iocosa es.’ ‘Cur in silva ambulas? Cur studiosus in bibliotheca non laboras?’ ‘Episcopus certe est malus, gulosus, saevus,vinolentus…..’ ‘Ssst. Maledicis. Episcopus est Egbertae avunculus’ ‘Vero? Episcopus est cognatus Egbertae? Quid ergo? Hic, o Domina, est mulus. Mulus est cognatus equorum qui in monasterii agris habitant, eho mule?’ Paulus ridet. Sed neque Lucia neque mulus ridet. Nunc enim mulus et Luciam et onerosas cibo multo vinoque sarcinas portat. ‘Ignoscas, o Lucia!’ inquit Paulus. Per sivlas silentio procedunt. Mox magnos monasterii muros vident et e silvis in agros veniunt. --请找出课文中的形容词 ! Question and answer : Quis mulum ducit ? Quis in mulo sedet ? Cur episcopus saevus ? Num discipuli semper boni estis? Quis est cognatus Egbertae? Quis est cognatus equorum? Vocabula nova avunculus-i uncle; Eng. avuncular 叔 伯 的,(a)uncle bonus-a-um good; Eng. bon ami (Frn.); bona fide(Latin); bonny 美丽的,健康的 certe adv certainly, yes claudere 3 to lock; claudo-ere, clausi, clausum close, shut, block up Eng. claustral 修道院的,隐遁 的;claustrophilia 幽闭癖
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V cognatus--i2 kinsman;Eng.cognate同族的,同源 ridet laughs;rideo-ere.risi 3 laugh.smile:Eng. 的:亲族 ridicule,ridiculous cur why saevus-a-um cruel.mean ducit leads duco-ere-uxi-uctum 3 lead sanctus-a-um holy,blessed:Eng.sanctit0y圣洁,神 gulosus-a-um adj.greedy: Eng.gulosity贪婪,食欲 圣,神圣不可侵犯:sanctuary圣所,圣殿,教堂, 过度: 祭坛:sedet sits sedeo-ere2sil ignavus-a-um lazy silentium-i silence ignoscas forgive (me),sorry somnulentus--a-um sleepy;Eng.somni--“睡眠n ignoscas sub.2.s ignosco-ere somniferous催眠的,麻醉的:somniloquence梦语, iocosus-a-um full of jokes,humorous 梦呓;somnipathy睡眠症somnambulate梦游 iubet orders.tells iubo-ere.iussi 3 order:tell somnambulist梦游者 magnus-a-um great,large;magna cum laude; studiosus-a-um hard-working:Eng.studious magnum opus,Eng.magnanimity宽宏大量,高尚: 的,用功的:be studious to do sth. magnate权贵,阔人,巨头:magni--“大” umbrosus-a-um full of shadows:Eng.umbra[ maledicis you slender,Eng.male-前缀表示“邪恶 影,暗影:umbrage树荫mbrageous成荫的,浓 的”,malediction诅咒,咒骂,诽谤: 荫的mbrella伞 manet stays:maneo-ere-nsi-nsum 2 remain,stay vel or mox soon.presently vero indeed:Eng..veritable确实的,真正的,名 multus-a-um much,many:multi-“多” 符其实的:veri0真实性,真理,诚实可靠 murus-i wall vinolentus--a-um fond of wine;vium葡萄酒Eng nescio I don't know:scio-ire 4 know vine葡萄树iney葡萄园:viniferous产酒的: obscurus-a-um dark:Eng.obscurity暗,朦胧,含 vinous酒的,嗜酒的:a vinous。favour酒的香味: 糊,晦涩:obscure a.obscurant蒙昧主义者 vintner酒商 procedunt go forward:procedo-ere 3:pro- 进。向前:proceed<peocedere Quid ergo?So what? Commentarii: 1Obscuram per silvam ad monasterium veniunt They come through the dark wood towards the monastery. obscuram per silvam,per分裂了形容词和名词。这是拉丁语的一个特点。如第4讲mmotus in terra iacet monachus 2 nescio ne+scio,scio,scire;don't know. 3 quod semper Stephnaum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet从句主语为宾格Stephnaum,动 词为claudere不定式,because he is forever1 elling Stephen to shut us students in the library. 3 Maledicis maledico-ere slander;male bad;dico,xi,ctum,cere 3.say 4 nunc enim for now 5 Mulus est cognatus equorum qui in monasterii agris habitant equorum equus的复数属格,后接qui 引导定语从句,monasterii monasterium的单数属格 Latin Motto Multis timere debet quem multi timent He whom many fear should be afraid of many. Multum in parvo Much in little Silentium dormiant tauri Silence let the bulls sleep
CAPITVLVM QVINTVM CAP.V 7 cognatus-i 2 kinsman ;Eng. cognate 同族的,同源 的; 亲族 cur why ducit leads duco-ere-uxi-uctum 3 lead gulosus-a-um adj. greedy; Eng. gulosity 贪婪,食欲 过度; ignavus-a-um lazy ignoscas forgive (me), sorry ignoscas sub. 2.s ignosco-ere iocosus-a-um full of jokes, humorous iubet orders, tells iubo-ere, iussi 3 order, tell magnus-a-um great, large; magna cum laude; magnum opus; Eng. magnanimity 宽宏大量,高尚; magnate 权贵,阔人,巨头; magni-“大” maledicis you slender; Eng. male-前缀表示“邪恶 的”,malediction 诅咒,咒骂,诽谤; manet stays; maneo-ere-nsi-nsum 2 remain, stay mox soon, presently multus-a-um much, many; multi-“多” murus-i wall nescio I don’t know; scio-ire 4 know obscurus-a-um dark; Eng. obscurity 暗,朦胧,含 糊,晦涩; obscure a. obscurant 蒙昧主义者 procedunt go forward; procedo-ere 3; pro-前 进。向前; proceed< peocedere Quid ergo? So what? ridet laughs; rideo-ere,risi 3 laugh, smile; Eng. ridicule,ridiculous saevus-a-um cruel, mean sanctus-a-um holy, blessed ; Eng. sanctity 圣洁,神 圣,神圣不可侵犯;sanctuary 圣所,圣殿,教堂, 祭坛; sedet sits sedeo-ere 2 sit silentium-i silence somnulentus-a-um sleepy; Eng. somni-“ 睡 眠 ” somniferous 催眠的,麻醉的;somniloquence 梦语, 梦 呓 ; somnipathy 睡眠症 somnambulate 梦 游 somnambulist 梦游者 studiosus-a-um hard-working; Eng. studious 勤学 的,用功的; be studious to do sth. umbrosus-a-um full of shadows; Eng. umbra[天]本 影,暗影; umbrage 树荫 umbrageous 成荫的,浓 荫的 umbrella 伞 vel or vero indeed; Eng. veritable 确实的,真正的, 名 符其实的; verity 真实性,真理,诚实可靠 vinolentus-a-um fond of wine; vinum 葡萄酒 Eng. vine 葡萄树 vinery 葡萄园; viniferous 产酒的; vinous 酒的,嗜酒的;a vinous flavour 酒的香味; vintner 酒商 Commentarii: 1 Obscuram per silvam ad monasterium veniunt They come through the dark wood towards the monastery。注意 obscuram per silvam ,per 分裂了形容词和名词。这是拉丁语的一个特点。如第 4 讲 Immotus in terra iacet monachus 2 nescio ne+scio, scio, scire; I don’t know. 3 quod semper Stephnaum nos disciplos in bibliotheca claudere iubet 从句主语为宾格 Stephnaum, 动 词为 claudere 不定式, because he is forever telling Stephen to shut us students in the library. 3 Maledicis maledico-ere slander; male bad; dico, xi, ctum, cere 3. say 4 nunc enim for now 5 Mulus est cognatus equorum qui in monasterii agris habitant equorum equus 的复数属格,后接 qui 引导定语从句,monasterii monasterium 的单数属格 Latin Motto Multis timere debet quem multi timent He whom many fear should be afraid of many. Multum in parvo Much in little. Silentium dormiant tauri Silence let the bulls sleep