第十讲 动词完成时系统的被动态 ● Esse的完成时系统 历时性宾格(accusative of duration) ● 不规则动词nolo和mao Paulus et Lucia(X) Part1语法 一动词完成时系统的被动语态 I动词的目的分词(supine) 拉丁语动词的四种基本形式： laudo,laudare.laudavi.laudatum moneo,monere,monui,monitun ago,agere,egi,actum audio,audire.audivi.auditum capio,capere,cepi,captum 其中laudat--ilm,monit-um,act-m,audit--um,capt-m为目的分词。 2完成时被动态的语法构成 完成时被动语态由动词的第四主要部分构成，即以“目的分词”词干（目的分词去掉词 尾-um),加上词尾-us,-a,-um,再加csse的三种时态。 完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 单数 目的分词词千+-ls-a-m sum系 eram系 ero系 复数 目的分词词干+-i-ae-a sum系 eram系 ero系 完整示例 sum系 eram系 ero系 laudat-us,-a,-um sum eram ero laudat-us,-a,-um es eras eris laudat-us,-a,-um est erat erist laudat-i,-ae,-a sumus eramus erimus laudat-i,-ae,-a estis eratis eritis laudat-i,-ae,-a sunt erant erunt
第十讲 动词完成时系统的被动态 Esse 的完成时系统 历时性宾格（accusative of duration） 不规则动词 nolo 和 malo Paulus et Lucia(X) Part1 语法 一 动词完成时系统的被动语态 1 动词的目的分词（supine） 拉丁语动词的四种基本形式： laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum moneo, monere, monui, monitum ago, agere, egi, actum audio, audire, audivi, auditum capio, capere, cepi, captum 其中 laudat-um，monit-um，act-um，audit-um，capt-um 为目的分词。 2 完成时被动态的语法构成 完成时被动语态由动词的第四主要部分构成，即以“目的分词”词干（目的分词去掉词 尾-um），加上词尾 -us,-a,-um，再加 esse 的三种时态。 完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 单数 目的分词词干+ -us -a -um sum 系 eram 系 ero 系 复数 目的分词词干+ -i -ae -a sum 系 eram 系 ero 系 完整示例 sum 系 eram 系 ero 系 laudat-us, -a, -um sum eram ero laudat-us, -a, -um es eras eris laudat-us, -a, -um est erat erist laudat-i, -ae, -a sumus eramus erimus laudat-i, -ae, -a estis eratis eritis laudat-i, -ae, -a sunt erant erunt
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 如本课中： Timor vulgatus est.The fear was spread. vulgo,vulgare,vulgavi,vulgatum 1 to spread;目的分i词vulgat>vulgatus est Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant.The Danes had not been seen in the region now for twenty years; video,videre,vidi,visum目的分词visum>visi erant 至此，拉丁语动词的四种形式全部“现身”。 3用法和翻译 例句 (1)Puella laudata est. The girl has been(or was)praised. (2)Puellae laudatae erant. The girls had been praised. (3)Puellae laudatae erunt. The girls will have been praised. (4)Pueri moniti sunt. The boys have been (were)warned. (5)Pericula non visa sunt. The dangers have been (were )not seen. (6)Litterae scriptae erunt. The letter will have been written. 注意： (1) 词尾-s--ml-i-ae-a表示“数”和“性”，esse系统(sum系、eram系、ero系)表 示“数”、“人称”和“时间”。 (2) 目的分词和esse要作为一个整体，不能把lautatus est译成he is praised(=ladatur), 不能把laudatus erat译成he was praised(=laudabatur) (3) 完成时的sum系可以翻译为has/have been,也可以翻译为was/were一般过去时 (上例中1、4、5)，后者更常见。 (4) 完成时的eram系为“过去完成时”，拉丁语称其为pluperfactum(过去的过去)。 二 Esse的完成时系统 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 (has/have been) (had been) (will have been) fui fueram fuero fuisti fueras fueris fuit fuerat fuerit fuimus fueramus fuerimus fuistis fueratis fueritis fuerunt fuerant fuerunt 本课的例句
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 2 如本课中: Timor vulgatus est. The fear was spread. vulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, vulgatum 1 to spread ; 目的分词 vulgatum> vulgatus est Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant. The Danes had not been seen in the region now for twenty years; video, videre, vidi, visum 目的分词 visum> visi erant 至此，拉丁语动词的四种形式全部“现身”。 3 用法和翻译 例句 (1) Puella laudata est. The girl has been( or was) praised. (2) Puellae laudatae erant. The girls had been praised. (3) Puellae laudatae erunt. The girls will have been praised. (4) Pueri moniti sunt. The boys have been (were) warned. (5) Pericula non visa sunt. The dangers have been (were )not seen. (6) Litterae scriptae erunt. The letter will have been written. 注意： （1） 词尾-us-a-um/-i-ae-a 表示“数”和“性”，esse 系统（sum 系、eram 系、ero 系）表 示“数”、“人称”和“时间”。 （2） 目的分词和 esse 要作为一个整体，不能把 lautatus est 译成 he is praised (= ladatur) ， 不能把 laudatus erat 译成 he was praised(= laudabatur) . （3） 完成时的 sum 系可以翻译为 has/ have been，也可以翻译为 was/ were 一般过去时 （上例中 1、4、5），后者更常见。 （4） 完成时的 eram 系为“过去完成时”，拉丁语称其为 pluperfactum （过去的过去）。 二 Esse 的完成时系统 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 （has/have been） (had been) （will have been） fui fueram fuero fuisti fueras fueris fuit fuerat fuerit fuimus fueramus fuerimus fuistis fueratis fueritis fuerunt fuerant fuerunt 本课的例句
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X Theodorus enim fuerat monachus pius et omnibus amicus.For Theodorus had been a pious monk and a friend to all Fuerat amicus omnibus,vir pius et humilis.He had been a friend to everyone, a pious and humble man. 三历时性宾格 历时性宾格(accusative of duration)表示时间的延续性，课文中的例子： Monachi multos dies erant pavidi tacitique.For many days the monks were fearful and silent Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant.The Danes had not been seen in the region now for twenty years. et vos unam horam sine me laborabitis et opera perficietis.and you will work without me for one hour and will finish the tasks. multos dies for many days:viginti annos for twenty years:unam horam for one hor.句中dies,annos,horam是dies,annus,.hora宾格形式。 注意： 1,历时性宾格不是指动作发生的时间，也不是在什么时间发生，而是描述该动作或事件的 持续性。这种结构在拉丁语中不需要介词，而在英语中需要介词fo 2.注意与时间夺格相区别，时间夺格表示一个事件发生“在何时”、“在何时内” Die laboramus.(dies,diei 5 daylight.We are working in the daylight) Hieme dies breves,aestate longi sunt.hiems,hiemis winter,aestas,aestatis summer.In the winter,the day is short,in the summer,the day is long. 四不规则动词nolō和malō（供参阅） 第六讲中介绍了不规则动词volō，volō有两个衍伸的复合词：nolo和malo。 nolōnolle noluT(n+volo)不希望，不原意not to wish,to be unwilling malōmalle maluT(magis+-volo)更想要to want(sth)more or instead,prefer 这两个词也是不规则动词，尤其在现在时系统中： 直陈现在时主动： Volo velle volui Nōlōnōllenōlui Malōmale malui volō nōl6 malō VIs non vis mavis yult non vult mavult volumus nolumus malumus vultis non vultis mavultis volunt nolunt malunt 3
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 3 Theodorus enim fuerat monachus pius et omnibus amicus. For Theodorus had been a pious monk and a friend to all Fuerat amicus omnibus, vir pius et humilis. He had been a friend to everyone, a pious and humble man. 三 历时性宾格 历时性宾格（accusative of duration）表示时间的延续性，课文中的例子： Monachi multos dies erant pavidi tacitique. For many days the monks were fearful and silent Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant. The Danes had not been seen in the region now for twenty years. et vos unam horam sine me laborabitis et opera perficietis．and you will work without me for one hour and will finish the tasks. 其中，multos dies for many days；viginti annos for twenty years；unam horam for one hour. 句中 dies, annos, horam 是 dies, annus, hora 宾格形式。 注意： 1. 历时性宾格不是指动作发生的时间，也不是在什么时间发生，而是描述该动作或事件的 持续性。这种结构在拉丁语中不需要介词，而在英语中需要介词 for. 2. 注意与时间夺格相区别，时间夺格表示一个事件发生“在何时”、“在何时内” Die laboramus. (dies, diei 5 daylight. We are working in the daylight) Hieme dies breves, aestate longi sunt. ( hiems, hiemis winter; aestas, aestatis summer. In the winter, the day is short, in the summer, the day is long. ) 四 不规则动词 nōlō 和 mālō （供参阅） 第六讲中介绍了不规则动词 volō，volō 有两个衍伸的复合词：nolo 和 malo 。 nōlō nōlle nōluī (nē+volō) 不希望，不原意 not to wish, to be unwilling mālō mālle māluī (magis+volō) 更想要 to want (sth) more or instead, prefer 这两个词也是不规则动词，尤其在现在时系统中： 直陈现在时主动： Volō velle voluī Nōlō nōlle nōluī Mālō mālle māluī volō vīs vult nōlō nōn vīs nōn vult mālō māvīs māvult volumus vultis volunt nōlumus nōn vultis nōlunt mālumus māvultis mālunt
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X volō和malō都无命令式，但nolō有单数和复数命令式，且非常常用，常和不定式连用，表 示否定的命令： noli manere,Catilina!Do not remain/stay,Catiline! nolite discedere,amici meT!Do not leave,my friends! Part2课文Paulus et Lucia(X) Miserabile Corpus Post Theodori mortem-fortuitam,ut dicit abbas,sed quis potest scire?-multae erant lacrimae.Theodorus enim fuerat monachus pius et omnibus amicus.Timor autem per monasterium agrosque vulgatus est.Monachi multos dies erant pavidi tacitique. Nunc in schola discipulis pauca verba de Theodori morte Stephanus dicit.Postea magister tristis e Vulgato legit: 'Hoc autem dico,fratres,quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt.....' Paulus per fenestram spectat et mortem Theodori contemplat.Quis eum occidere voluisset?Fuerat amicus omnibus,vir pius et humilis.Erat rumor.Dani?Num Dani Theodorum trucidaverunt?Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant. ....Ubi est,mors,victoria tua?Ubi est,mors,stimulus tuus?'Stephanus campanam per monasterium resonantem audit et legere desinit.'Nunc corpus Theodori sepeliemus, o pueri,'inquit,'et vos unam horam sine me laborabitis et opera perficietis,'et per genas lacrimas fundens bibliothecam relinquit. Vocabula nova annus-i [m]year,annual,anniversary hora-ae [f]hour campana-ae[日bel,campanile钟楼 lacrima-ae [f]tear caro,carnis[日lesh;carnivore【生物学】食肉动 miserabilis-is,-e miserable,pitiable mors,mortis [f]death,mortal adj. 物：食虫植物。 paucus-a-um few,paucity贫乏 Danus-i [m]Dane,Viking pavidus-a-um fearful desino-ere leave off,abandon desino,desinere,desivi,desitum 3 desist/cease possideo-ere 2 occupy,possess dies [nom./acc.]5 days post [+acc.]after fortuitus-a-um accidental;fortuity fortunate postea afterwards since frater-tris [m]3 brother,fraternal quoniam fuerat (s/he)had been regio-nis[间region regnum-i[n]kingdom fundens pouring fundere的现在分词 resonantem resounding fundo-ere 3:to pour,pour out resono-are 1 fundere>fundens resonare>resonans>resonantis>resonantem genae--arum[日cheeks,genial【解剖学】颏的 rumor-is [m]rumour,gossip
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 4 volō 和 mālō 都无命令式，但 nōlō 有单数和复数命令式，且非常常用，常和不定式连用，表 示否定的命令： nōlī manēre, Catilīna! Do not remain/stay, Catiline! nōlīte discēdere, amīcī meī! Do not leave, my friends! Part2 课文 Paulus et Lucia (X) Miserabile Corpus Post Theodori mortem - fortuitam, ut dicit abbas, sed quis potest scire? - multae erant lacrimae. Theodorus enim fuerat monachus pius et omnibus amicus. Timor autem per monasterium agrosque vulgatus est. Monachi multos dies erant pavidi tacitique. Nunc in schola discipulis pauca verba de Theodori morte Stephanus dicit. Postea magister tristis e Vulgato legit: ‘Hoc autem dico, fratres, quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt.....’ Paulus per fenestram spectat et mortem Theodori contemplat. Quis eum occidere voluisset? Fuerat amicus omnibus, vir pius et humilis. Erat rumor. Dani? Num Dani Theodorum trucidaverunt? Dani in regione iam viginti annos non visi erant. ‘....Ubi est, mors, victoria tua? Ubi est, mors, stimulus tuus?’ Stephanus campanam per monasterium resonantem audit et legere desinit. ‘Nunc corpus Theodori sepeliemus, o pueri,’ inquit, ‘et vos unam horam sine me laborabitis et opera perficietis,’ et per genas lacrimas fundens bibliothecam relinquit. Vocabula nova annus-i [m] year，annual, anniversary campana-ae [f] bell; campanile 钟楼 caro, carnis [f] flesh; carnivore【生物学】食肉动 物；食虫植物。 Danus-i [m] Dane, Viking desino-ere leave off, abandon desino, desinere, desivi, desitum 3 desist/cease dies [nom./acc.] 5 days fortuitus-a-um accidental; fortuity fortunate frater-tris [m] 3 brother, fraternal fuerat (s/he) had been fundens pouring fundere 的现在分词 fundo-ere 3 : to pour, pour out fundere> fundens genae-arum [f] cheeks; genial【解剖学】颏的 hora-ae [f] hour lacrima-ae [f] tear miserabilis-is, -e miserable ,pitiable mors, mortis [f] death, mortal adj. paucus-a-um few; paucity 贫乏 pavidus-a-um fearful possideo-ere 2 occupy; possess post [+acc.] after postea afterwards quoniam since regio-nis [f] region regnum-i [n] kingdom resonantem resounding resono-are 1 resonare>resonans>resonantis>resonantem rumor-is [m] rumour, gossip
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAPX sanguis-inis [m]blood tuus-a-um your sangui- unus-a-um one a sanguinary conflict a sanguine report verbum-i [n]word sepeliemus they will bury victoria-ae [f]victory sepelio-ire 4:to ruin,destroy,bury viginti twenty sine [+abl.]without vir-i [m]man stimulus-i [m] sting visi erant(they)had been seen,完成时被动态 tacitus-a-um silent,quiet video,videre,vidi,visum timor-is [m]fear,timid voluisset had wanted.pluperf Sub.P160 tristis-is sad Vulgatum-i [n]the Vulgate trucidaverunt(they)murdered完成时； vulgatus est was spread abroad trucido-are I to slaughter vulgo -are,-vi,vulgatus I to spread Commentari 1 Miserabile Corpus miserabilis,.miserabile双尾形容词，corpus nom./acc.n故用miserabile.. 2 timor vulgatus est..Vulgare,.to spread vulgatum>vulgatus sum完成时被动态 3 multos dies:accsative of duration for many days dies-iei 5 m pl.acc=nom.in this phrase,we also see:viginti annos for twenty years;unam horam for one hour 4 Vulgatum-i[可the Vulgate拉丁文圣经（公元四世纪译出，为天主教所承认的唯一文本） 5Hoc autem dicofratres,quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt... 出自1 Corinthians 1550:全句是：hoc autem dico fratres quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt neque corruptio incorruptelam possidebit "However.I say this,brothers.since flesh and blood are not able to occupy the kingdom of God.neither does the corruption inherit incorruption.”兄弟们，我告诉你们：我 们的血肉之躯不能继承上帝的王国：必朽的不能继承那不朽的(-似乎与原文有出入？) corruptio-nis 3f corruption;bribery;incorruptela-ae 1 incorruptibility,imperishability, The First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians,usually referred to simply as First Corinthians and often written 1 Corinthians(《哥林多前书》)，is the seventh book of the New Testament.The book,originally written in Greek,. was a letter from Paul of Tarsus and Sosthenes to the Christians of Corinth,Greece. This epistle contains some of the best-known phrases in the New Testament,including (depending on the translation)"all things to all men"(9:22),"without love,I am nothing"(13:2),"through a glass,darkly"(13:12), and "when I was a child,I spoke as a child,I felt as a child,I thought as a child"(13:11). 6 trucidaverunt完成时perfect 7 num surely not ?(expecting the answer 'no') 8 visierant过去完成时被动态pluperfect passive 9 Ubi est mors victoria tua?ubi est mors stimulus tuus?1 Corinthians 15 55...Where.death,is your victory? Whee,death,.is your sting?死亡，你的胜利在哪里？死亡，你伤害的力量在哪里？ 8 resonantem pl.acc.resono-are resona->resona-ns(participle)>resona-ntis adj.sing.gen.>resona-ntem adj.acc 9 Nunc corpus Theodori sepeliemus corpus 4 nom=acc.sepeliemus future.sepelio sepelire 4:to ruin,destroy, bury 10 laborabitis 1 you will work;perficietis 3 you will finish 11 per genas lacrimas fundens:tears pouring down his cheeks.fundens fundo-ere present participles see Unit 11
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 5 sanguis-inis [m] blood sanguia sanguinary conflict / a sanguine report sepeliemus they will bury sepelio-ire 4: to ruin, destroy, bury sine [+abl.] without stimulus-i [m] sting tacitus-a-um silent, quiet timor-is [m] fear, timid tristis-is sad trucidaverunt (they) murdered 完成时; trucido –are 1 to slaughter tuus-a-um your unus-a-um one verbum-i [n] word victoria-ae [f] victory viginti twenty vir-i [m] man visi erant (they) had been seen，完成时被动态 video, videre, vidi, visum voluisset had wanted. pluperf. Sub. P160 Vulgatum-i [n] the Vulgate vulgatus est was spread abroad vulgo -are ,-vi, vulgatus 1 : to spread Commentari 1 Miserabile Corpus miserabilis, miserabile 双尾形容词，corpus nom./acc.n 故用 miserabile. 2 timor vulgatus est. Vulgare, to spread vulgatum> vulgatus sum 完成时被动态 3 multos dies : accsative of duration for many days dies-iei 5 m pl.acc=nom. in this phrase, we also see: viginti annos for twenty years; unam horam for one hour 4 Vulgatum-i [n] the Vulgate 拉丁文圣经〔公元四世纪译出，为天主教所承认的唯一文本〕 5 „Hoc autem dico,fratres, quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt.....’ 出自 1 Corinthians 15 50: 全句是： hoc autem dico fratres quoniam caro et sanguis regnum Dei possidere non possunt neque corruptio incorruptelam possidebit “However, I say this, brothers, since flesh and blood are not able to occupy the kingdom of God. neither does the corruption inherit incorruption..” 兄弟们，我告诉你们：我 们的血肉之躯不能继承上帝的王国；必朽的不能继承那不朽的（--似乎与原文有出入？） corruptio-nis 3f corruption; bribery; incorruptela-ae 1 incorruptibility, imperishability; The First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, usually referred to simply as First Corinthians and often written 1 Corinthians(《哥林多前书》), is the seventh book of the New Testament. The book, originally written in Greek, was a letter from Paul of Tarsus and Sosthenes to the Christians of Corinth,Greece. This epistle contains some of the best-known phrases in the New Testament, including (depending on the translation) "all things to all men" (9:22), "without love, I am nothing" (13:2), "through a glass, darkly" (13:12), and "when I was a child, I spoke as a child, I felt as a child, I thought as a child" (13:11). 6 trucidaverunt 完成时 perfect 7 num surely not ?(expecting the answer „no‟) 8 visi erant 过去完成时被动态 pluperfect passive 9 Ubi est mors victoria tua? ubi est mors stimulus tuus? 1 Corinthians 15 55 ...Where, death, is your victory? Where, death, is your sting? 死亡，你的胜利在哪里？ 死亡，你伤害的力量在哪里？ 8 resonantem pl.acc. resono-are resona->resona-ns (participle) >resona-ntis adj.sing.gen.> resona-ntem adj.acc 9 Nunc corpus Theodori sepeliemus corpus 4 nom=acc. sepeliemus future. sepelio sepelire 4: to ruin, destroy, bury 10 laborabitis 1 you will work; perficietis 3 you will finish 11 per genas lacrimas fundens: tears pouring down his cheeks. fundens fundo-ere present participles see Unit 11
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X Hic Iacet Theodorus 'Miserum Theodorum,'inquit Paulus,per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans.Pluit; monachi miserabile corpus Theodori ex ecclesia portant et abbas exiguam pompam ducit. Discipuli libros relinquunt et per fenestram pompam spectant.Ecce,Theodorum sepelient HIC IACET THEODORUS sub arborem ubi nobis fabulas narrabat,'inquit MONASTERII HUIUS unus.'Cur omnes monachi non adsunt?Cur MONACHUS OUI IN ANNO VICESIMO ET QUINTO eum tam cito sepeliunt?'rogavit alter.'Quis Theodorum occidit?'rogavit tertius. MORTUUS NUNC CUM 'Quis scit?'respondit Paulus. DEO IN PACE REQUIESCIT 'Quando sciemus?'rogavit Augustinus. Abbas proxima nocte eum vidit,'inquit Paulus.Fortasse Stephano dicet.' Soles occidere et redire possunt.Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux,Nox est perpetua una dormienda,'murmurat Augustinus,e Catulli libello recitans. O miserum Theodorum!'inquit Paulus.'Ecce,nunc corpus in terram demittunt.'Nunc aliquis flere incipit. Mox abbas et monachi in ecclesiam reveniunt praeter Stephanum qui prope sepulcrum orat.Adhuc pluit;mox vocem Stephani iterum iterumque gementem audiunt. Vocabula nova aliquis someone hic haec hoc alter another iterum again cum semel as soon as libellus-i[m]book demitto-ere 3 lower murmuro-are murmur mitto-ere 3 send nox,noctis [f]night,nocturnal adj. eum him occido-ere fall exiguus-a-um slender,scant occido-ere,occidi.occasum exiguity,exiguous occido-ere kill exsequiae-arum funeral occido-ere,occidi,occisum fleo-ere 2 weep occidit (s/he)killed gementem groanings现在分词宾格 oro-are pray beg gemo-ere,gemui,gemitum 3 moan,groan oral oration gemere>gemens>gementis>gementem pace huius gen.of this pax,pacis [f]peace;harmony 6
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 6 Hic Iacet Theodorus ‘Miserum Theodorum,’ inquit Paulus, per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans. Pluit; monachi miserabile corpus Theodori ex ecclesia portant et abbas exiguam pompam ducit. Discipuli libros relinquunt et per fenestram pompam spectant. ‘Ecce, Theodorum sepelient sub arborem ubi nobis fabulas narrabat,’ inquit unus. ‘Cur omnes monachi non adsunt? Cur eum tam cito sepeliunt?’ rogavit alter. ‘Quis Theodorum occidit?’ rogavit tertius. ‘Quis scit?’ respondit Paulus. ‘Quando sciemus?’ rogavit Augustinus. ‘Abbas proxima nocte eum vidit,’ inquit Paulus. ‘Fortasse Stephano dicet.’ ‘Soles occidere et redire possunt. Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,’ murmurat Augustinus, e Catulli libello recitans. ‘O miserum Theodorum!’ inquit Paulus. ‘Ecce, nunc corpus in terram demittunt.’ Nunc aliquis flere incipit. Mox abbas et monachi in ecclesiam reveniunt praeter Stephanum qui prope sepulcrum orat. Adhuc pluit; mox vocem Stephani iterum iterumque gementem audiunt. Vocabula nova aliquis someone alter another cum semel as soon as demitto-ere 3 lower mitto-ere 3 send eum him exiguus-a-um slender, scant exiguity , exiguous exsequiae-arum funeral fleo-ere 2 weep gementem groanings 现在分词宾格 gemo-ere, gemui, gemitum 3 moan, groan gemere>gemens>gementis>gementem huius gen. of this hic haec hoc iterum again libellus-i [m] book murmuro-are murmur nox, noctis [f] night, nocturnal adj. occido-ere fall occido-ere, occidi, occasum occīdo-ere kill occido-ere, occidi, occisum occidit (s/he) killed oro-are pray beg oral oration pace pax, pacis [f] peace; harmony HIC IACET THEODORUS MONASTERII HUIUS MONACHUS QUI IN ANNO VICESIMO ET QUINTO MORTUUS NUNC CUM DEO IN PACE REQUIESCIT
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X perpetuus-a-um unending rogavit (s/he)asked perpetuate/perpetual sepelient they will bury pluit it is raining sepelio-ire-ivi 4 bury pluo,pluere sepulcrum-i [n]grave pluvial age sepulcher (Italy)tomb,grave pompa-ae [f]procession sol-is [m]sun,day pompier救火梯 spectans watching praeter [+acc.]except,besides specto-are proximus-a-um nearest,previous tam cito so quickly quando when cito,citius,citissime adv redeo-ire [irreg.]return Citius,Altius,Fortius recitans reciting tertius-a-um third recito-are recite read aloud in vicesimo et quinto in the twenty-fifth requiescit vicensimus第二十 requiesco-ere,requievi,requietum 3 quiet down; quintus第五 ret,end,注意英语require=need; lux-cis [f]light,life Commentari 1.per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans as he watches the fimeral of Theodorus through the window. exsequiae-arum funeral pl..spectans现在时分词watching.spectare>词千specta+ns;可以翻译为从句. 详见第八讲。本课还有：gementem 2.miserabile corpus在句中为宾格。miserabilis(m,)-e(n)-双尾型形容词：故miserabile修饰corpus m.sg. 3.relinguunt relinquo-ere-liqui-lictum 3, 4.sepelient they will bury.sepelio-ire-ivi 4 5.proxima nocte on the previous night.proximus-a-um previous,nearest,closest 6.Soles occidere et redire possunt.Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux,Nox est perpetua una dormienda Catullus Poem 5 The sun can fall and rise.For us once our brief light is out,there is one unending night of sleep/Suns may set and rise again.For us,when the short light has once set,remains to be slept the sleep of one unbroken night..dormienda形动词 Gaius Valerius Catullus(ca.84 BC-ca.54 BC)was a Latin poet of the Republican period.His surviving works are still read widely,and continue to influence poetry and other forms of art. 7.recitans reciting现在分词 8.demittunt they are lowering.demitto-ere 3 to let down 9 iterum iterumque gementem repeatedly groaning.gemo to sigh,groan,wail.-entem masc sing acc Present participle. 个
CAPITVLVM DECIMVM CAP.X 7 perpetuus-a-um unending perpetuate/ perpetual pluit it is raining pluo, pluere pluvial age pompa-ae [f] procession pompier 救火梯 praeter [+acc.] except, besides proximus-a-um nearest, previous quando when redeo-ire [irreg.] return recitans reciting recito-are recite read aloud requiescit requiesco-ere, requievi, requietum 3 quiet down; rest; end; 注意英语 require = need ; rogavit (s/he) asked sepelient they will bury sepelio-ire-ivi 4 bury sepulcrum-i [n] grave sepulcher (Italy) tomb, grave sol-is [m] sun, day spectans watching specto-are tam cito so quickly cito, citius, citissime adv. Citius, Altius, Fortius tertius-a-um third in vicesimo et quinto in the twenty-fifth vicensimus 第二十 quintus 第五 lux-cis [f] light, life Commentari 1. per fenestram exsequias Theodori spectans as he watches the funeral of Theodorus through the window. exsequiae-arum funeral pl. spectans 现在时分词 watching. spectare >词干 specta+ns;可以翻译为从句. 详见第八讲。本课还有：gementem 2. miserabile corpus 在句中为宾格。miserabilis (m,f) –e(n) –双尾型形容词；故 miserabile 修饰 corpus n.sg. 3. relinquunt relinquo-ere-liqui-lictum 3, 4. sepelient they will bury. sepelio-ire-ivi 4 5. proxima nocte on the previous night . proximus-a-um previous, nearest, closest 6. Soles occidere et redire possunt. Nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda Catullus Poem 5 The sun can fall and rise. For us once our brief light is out, there is one unending night of sleep/ Suns may set and rise again. For us, when the short light has once set, remains to be slept the sleep of one unbroken night. dormienda 形动词 Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca. 84 BC – ca. 54 BC) was a Latin poet of the Republican period. His surviving works are still read widely, and continue to influence poetry and other forms of art. 7. recitans reciting 现在分词 8. demittunt they are lowering . demitto-ere 3 to let down 9. iterum iterumque gementem repeatedly groaning. gemo : to sigh, groan, wail. -entem masc sing acc Present participle