上帝充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 心血管生物力学及其在疾 病诊疗方面的应用 梁夫友 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院 上海交通大学
心血管生物力学及其在疾 病诊疗方面的应用 船舶海洋与建筑工程学院 上海交通大学 梁夫友
人体血液循环系统 上浒充通大¥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 血液循环系统是由心脏,数百根动、静脉,数千万根细动、静脉和 数十亿根毛细血管构成的复杂网络系统,负责全身氧的输送,器官、 组织间代谢产物的交换,是最重要的生命维持系统之一。 ARTERIES ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES VENULES VEINS one-way valves Venae Aorta cavae internal diameter 2.5cm 0.4 cm 30m 5um 70m 0.5cm 3 cm wall thickness 2 mm 1 mm 20m 1 Am 7μm 0.5mm 1.5mm number 1 160 5X102 1010 10 200 total sectlonal 45cm2 20cm2 400cm2 4500cm2 4000cm2 40cm2 18cm2 area Mohrman and Heller.Cardiovascular Physilogy.2006. 2
2 Mohrman and Heller. Cardiovascular Physilogy. 2006. 血液循环系统是由心脏,数百根动、静脉,数千万根细动、静脉和 数十亿根毛细血管构成的复杂网络系统,负责全身氧的输送,器官、 组织间代谢产物的交换,是最重要的生命维持系统之一。 人体血液循环系统
循环系统的解剖学结构 图 上游充通大¥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 心脏 脑 肺 肝脏 3
3 循环系统的解剖学结构 肺 心脏 脑 肝脏
血管的解剖学结构及力学特性 上游充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY artery tunica adventitia vein -tunica media elastic membrane tunica intima 毛细血管 capillaries 动脉 静脉 artery vein arterioles venules 细动脉 细静脉 下降 上升 顺应性 上升 下降 阻抗 下降 下降 血压 习 4
4 血管的解剖学结构及力学特性 顺应性 下降 阻抗 上升 上升 下降 血压 下降 下降 动脉 细动脉 静脉 细静脉 毛细血管
血液的流体动力学特性 上岸充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 大血管:接近牛顿流体(粘性系数恒定),不可压缩 ·小血管:非牛顿流体(粘性系数随剪切力变化),不可压缩 毛细血管:多相流(血清、血球混在),不可压缩 Velocity 060 : 毛细血管内的血球运动 肾动脉内的血流 5
5 血液的流体动力学特性 •大血管:接近牛顿流体(粘性系数恒定),不可压缩 •小血管:非牛顿流体(粘性系数随剪切力变化),不可压缩 •毛细血管:多相流(血清、血球混在),不可压缩 毛细血管内的血球运动 肾动脉内的血流
血液循环的动态特性 上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Light Blood flow distribution 篾稀■G Tissue Rest(%) Splanchnic Hepatic 27 Renal 22 Cerebral 14 Coronary 4 Muscle 20 Skin 6 Other In hemodynamic studies, account should be taken of: Hemodynamic interaction over the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular regulation in response to changes in physiological condition
Tissue Rest(%) Light Exercise (%) Moderate Exercise (%) Maximum Exercise (%) Splanchnic & Hepatic 27 12 3 1 Renal 22 10 3 1 Cerebral 14 8 4 3 Coronary 4 4 4 4 Muscle 20 47 71 88 Skin 6 15 12 2 Other 7 4 3 1 In hemodynamic studies, account should be taken of: Blood flow distribution Hemodynamic interaction over the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular regulation in response to changes in physiological condition. 血液循环的动态特性
心血管疾病的危害 海充夏大学 HAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY ral ancurysm 動脈瘤) Cardiovascular diseases are the world's largest killers,claiming 17.1 million lives a year (WHO). 我国心血管病患病率处于持续上升态 势,估计我国心血管病(冠心病、脑 Cardiac diseases (心騰病) 卒中、心衰、高血压)现患人数为2.9 亿,每10个成年人中就有2人患心血 管病。估计每年我国约有350万人死 于心血管病,占总死亡原因的41%, 居各种疾病之首。估计我国每天心血 管病死亡9590人,每小时心血管病死 亡400人,每10秒心血管病死亡1人。 引自《中国心血管病报告2012》 dominal aortic IhypogRatnc von ancurysm(腹部大 llinc vein 動脈瘤) Most cardiovascular diseases Systemic caplares of pelvis develop in the heart and the arterial system(动脉系统). Schematic description of blood circulation [Adopted from Tortora and atomic structure of the Anagnostakos.Principles of Anatomy and cardiovascular system Physiology.1990] [Adopted from 3Dscience.com]
Schematic description of blood circulation [Adopted from Tortora and Anagnostakos. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 1990] Anatomic structure of the cardiovascular system [Adopted from 3Dscience.com] The cardiovascular system(心臓 血管系) circulates blood over the body and thereby plays a crucial role in life maintenance. Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s largest killers, claiming 17.1 million lives a year (WHO). Most cardiovascular diseases develop in the heart and the arterial system (动脉系统). 心血管疾病的危害 Cerebral aneurysm (脳動脈瘤) Coronary artery stenosis (冠動 脈狭窄) Cardiac diseases (心臓病) Abdominal aortic aneurysm(腹部大 動脈瘤) 我国心血管病患病率处于持续上升态 势,估计我国心血管病(冠心病、脑 卒中、心衰、高血压)现患人数为2.9 亿,每10个成年人中就有2人患心血 管病。估计每年我国约有350万人死 于心血管病,占总死亡原因的41%, 居各种疾病之首。估计我国每天心血 管病死亡9590人,每小时心血管病死 亡400人,每10秒心血管病死亡1人。 引自《中国心血管病报告2012》
心血管疾病的发生机理 上游充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Distribution of atherosclerosis Initialization and progression of atherosclerosis Proximal ATHEROSCLEROSIS Stages of development Sultan Chaudhry Endothelial dysfunction Fatty streak ·T恒s咖路 Lipoprotein entry and modification Mid-proximal development ·↑LDL concentration ·Sne Distal This inflammatory response takes decades and is reversible Leukocyte recruitment Foam cell formation Monocyesngf the midired LDL nofathesion moleclesand and became foam cel's tee3se甘e■的结1性 Intima continues to Plaque thicken due to Evolution of the fatty streak progression ·TSMC prlferaion and calcification ·↑ekocye recritmen Luminal narrowing Fibrous capsule fow limitation ·p时ich care5wru6yts capsule 1.Claudication 2.Angina Smited fow in wng销回e Plaque Plaque size vs.stability ,Tid馆配ous cosules caus转ma年namwing bet are more stab线 disruption ACS DeBakey et al.,Ann Surg.201(2):115-131,1985. [Lusis AJ,.Nature.407,233-241,2000; A statistical study based on data in 13827 patients Libby P.Nate.420(6917):868-74,2002.]8
8 DeBakey et al., Ann Surg. 201(2): 115–131,1985. A statistical study based on data in 13827 patients Distribution of atherosclerosis [Lusis AJ, Nature. 407, 233-241, 2000; Libby P. Nature. 420(6917):868-74, 2002.] Initialization and progression of atherosclerosis 心血管疾病的发生机理
Low WSS(扩y依力Hypothesis(Caro,1971)IVERSITY High WSS Hypothesis(Fry,1972) Oscillatory WSS Hypothesis(Ku,1985) Any Correlations? Hemodynamic← Cardiovascular diseases factors Modeling&computation [Anor et al.,Systems Biology and Medicine 2010] [Liang et al.,Computers in Biology and Medicine 2007] Arterial system [Vignon-Clementel et al.,Computational Methods 9 on Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2006]
Arterial system [Liang et al., Computers in Biology and Medicine 2007] [Vignon-Clementel et al., Computational Methods on Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2006] [Anor et al., Systems Biology and Medicine 2010] 9 Hemodynamic factors Cardiovascular diseases Any Correlations? Modeling& computation Low WSS (ずり応力) Hypothesis (Caro, 1971) High WSS Hypothesis (Fry, 1972) Oscillatory WSS Hypothesis (Ku, 1985)
米尺度 上游充豆大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Pr◆ssure(mmH2} 135 厘米尺度 119 1o Veleeity 040 020 1 动脉内的压力波传播 肾动脉内的血流 毫米尺度 微米尺度 :克 冠状动脉内的血流 毛细血管内的血球运动
米尺度 厘米尺度 毫米尺度 微米尺度 冠状动脉内的血流 毛细血管内的血球运动 动脉内的压力波传播 肾动脉内的血流