【中央广播电视大学】【试卷习题】【2009—2010学年第一学期“开放本科”英语专业高级时事英语期末试题】.pdf_大学文库

SectionⅡ：Reading Test 50 points Instructions: There are three parts to the test,each including one reading passage. The test will take approximately 40 minutes. There will be NO extra time to transfer answers to the Answer Sheet;therefore,you should write ALL your answers on the Answer Sheet as you do each task. Part 1:Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage. 20 points Within the context of the passage,determine if the following statements are True or False.On the Answer Sheet,write "T"for True and "F"for False. Waste-to-Energy:A Controversial Solution to Garbage Control? 'Waste-to-Energy'incineration()is the latest phenomenon to sweep through the global waste management industry.The technology is more than 50 years old,but it's enjoyed a high degree of popularity in recent years in places like Japan and Scandinavia, thanks to a shortage of landfill space. In the United States,where space hasn't yet become a problem,waste-to-energy incinerators are slightly less popular.But 37 million Americans do send their garbage to plants like this one,in Lancaster,Pennsylvania,where the trash is burned at temperatures of more than 1,000 degrees Celsius and used to make steam,which in turn,generates electricity. "We're standing on the turbine deck.Right in front of us is a small,36-megawatt turbine.And right here on this floor we are generating all the electricity that's being produced.It's enough to power about 15,000 to 20,000 homes,and this is where it's all happening. Gary Forster is the chief engineer at the Lancaster County Waste-to-Energy Incinerator, one of more than 100 such facilities in 31 states across the country.As he moves from the turbine deck,through the furnace room,and on to the ash recovery building,where all the chunks of metal that survived the burning process are removed,Mr.Forster says electricity generation isn't the only good thing about a waste-to-energy incinerator.He says the other benefit is that the volume of the garbage is reduced by 90 percent. 97

Section II : Reading Test 50 points Instructions: • There are three parts to the test , each including one reading passage. • The test will take approximately 40 minutes. There will be NO extra time to transfer answers to the Answer Sheet; therefore , you should write ALL your answers on the Answer Sheet as you do each task. Part 1: Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage. 20 points Within the context of the passage , determine if the following statements are True or False. On the Answer Sheet , write "T" for True and "F" for False. Waste-to-Energy: A Controversial Solution to Garbage Control? ‘ W aste-to-E nergy ' incineration (焚化) is the latest phenomenon to sweep through the global waste management industry. The technology is more than 50 years old , but it' s enjoyed a high degree of popularity in recent years in places like Japan and Scandinavia , thanks to a shortage of landfill space. In the United States , where space hasn' t yet become a problem , waste-to-energy incinerators are slightly less popular. But 37 million Americans do send their garbage to plants like this one , in Lancaster, Pennsylvania , where the trash is burned at temperatures of more than 1 ,000 degrees Celsius and used to make steam , which in turn , generates electricity. "We' re standing on the turbine deck. Right in front of us is a small , 36-megawatt turbine. And right here on this floor we are generating all the electricity that' s being produced. It's enough to power about 15 ,000 to 20 ,000 homes , and this is where it's all happening. Gary Forster is the chief engineer at the Lancaster County Waste-to-Energy Incinerator, one of more than 100 such facilities in 31 states across the country. As he moves from the turbine deck , through the furnace room , and on to the ash recovery building , where all the chunks of metal that survived the burning process are removed , Mr. Forster says electricity genera tion isn' t the only good thing about a waste-to-energy incinerator. He says the other benefit is that the volume of the garbage is reduced by 90 percent. 97

We are now in the ash building.About 35 feet up is a rotating drum.All the ash is brought into this building.The rotating drum is actually a rotating magnet that's pulling out all the ferrous )metal in the ash.The metal is kept in its own storage location,and is eventually sent out throughout the month to recycling markets. The ash is sent to a nearby landfill,where it's mixed with dirt and used to bury garbage that's too toxic to be burned.On the surface,the most immediate environmental concern surrounding a waste-to-energy incinerator might seem to be the air,which gets loaded with dioxins any time anything is burned,whether it's organic or man-made.Dioxins have been linked to cancer and several types of auto-immune disorders. But thanks to federally mandated pollution control mechanisms,even environmentalists admit modern-day incinerators release fewer dioxins into the air than coal-fired or natural gas-powered electricity plants.While American environmentalists are still concerned about air quality,they're more concerned that the ash coming out of these facilities is often treated as if it's harmless.The fly ash is particularly,nasty,nasty stuff.And we have to wonder where that goes."Paul Connett is a chemist at St.Lawrence University in upstate New York.He's actively involved in an international campaign to stop the building of new incinerators,even ones that produce electricity. It's a move that was recently adopted by lawmakers in the Philippines and Costa Rica. Many European countries classify incinerator ash as hazardous,and bury it underground. But Mr.Connett says in the United States,the feeling is so long as the stuff isn't blowing out of a smokestack(烟窗)，il's safe. "Some of this material,which would have ended up in salt mines in Germany,in the United States is being used as landfill cover,or used in making concrete and road beds and stuff.It's absolutely Kafka-esque.You pay a fortune to capture this stuff,and then turn around and spread it in the environment. Representatives of the waste-to-energy industry admit the ash probably could be disposed of in a better manner,though they deny that it's as dangerous as Mr.Connett suggests. Maria Zannes,president of the Integrated Waste Services Association,an industry 98

Weare now in the ash building. About 35 feet up is a rotating drum. All the ash is brought into this building. The rotating drum is act ually a rotating magnet that' s pulling out all the ferrous (含铁的 in the ash. The metal is kept in its own storage location , and is eventually sent out throughout the month to recycling markets. " The ash is sent to a nearby landfill , where it' s mixed with dirt and used to bury garbage that' s too toxic to be burned. On the surface , the most immediate environmental concern surrounding a waste-to-energy incinerator might seem to be the air, which gets loaded with dioxins any time anything is burned , whether it' s organic or man-made. Dioxins have been linked to cancer and several types of auto-immune disorders. But thanks to federally mandated pollution control mechanisms, even environmentalists admit modern-day incinerators release fewer dioxins into the air than coal-fired or natural gas-powered electricity plants. While American environmentalists are still concerned about air quality , they' re more concerned that the ash coming out of these facili ties is often treated as if it's harmless. The fly ash is particularly , nasty , nasty stuff. And we have to wonder where that goes. " Paul Connett is a chemist at St. Lawrence University in upstate New York. He' s actively involved in an international campaign to stop the building of new incinerators , even ones that produce electricity. It' s a move that was recently adopted by lawmakers in the Philippines and Costa Rica. Many European countries classify incinerator ash as hazardous, and bury it underground. But Mr. Connett says in the United States, the feeling is so long as the stuff isn' t blowing out of a smokestack (烟窗)， it' s safe. "Some of this material , which would have ended up in salt mines in Germany , in the United States is being used as landfill cover, or used in making concrete and road beds and st uff. It's absolutely Kafka-esque. You pay a fortune to capture this stuff, and then turn around and spread it in the environment. " Representatives of the waste-to-energy industry admit the ash probably could be disposed of in a better manner, though they deny that it' s as dangerous as Mr. Connett suggests. Maria Zann巳s president of the Integrated Waste Services Association , an industry 98

group.She says environmentalists need to accept the fact that like it or not,garbage exists and something has to be done with it.Ms.Zannes says if you bury it in a landfill,it takes up space and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.But if you burn it in a waste-to-energy facility,at least some good can come of it. "We,in this country,dispose of 30 million tons of trash a day in waste-to-energy facilities.And we generate enough electricity to meet the needs of about 2.5 million homes. Now I think that's a fabulous(难以置信的)thing.”But environmentalists like Paul Connett say it's a mistake to assume that garbage does,in fact,have to exist.It's estimated that as much as 70 percent of what's going into America's landfills and incinerators could be recycled or composted,and that's one of the reasons environmentalists believe waste-to- energy is a step in the wrong direction.But industry representatives like Maria Zannes also have studies to point to.This one suggests that communities with waste-to-energy incinerators recycle about five percent more garbage than those without. Within the context of the passage,determine if the following statements are True or False.On the Answer Sheet,write "T"for True and "F"for False. 21.The technology of Waste-to-Energy'incineration is popular in Japan and Scandinavia because of lack of landfill space. 22.In the USA,there isn't much landfill space. 23.People in Lancaster,like to send their garbage to plants to be burned to generate the electricity to power about 15 thousand and 20 thousand homes. 24.According to Mr.Forster's view,a Waste-to-Energy incinerator seems the good thing because it can diminish 90%of the volume of the garbage. 25.There are near 100 Waste-to Energy incinerators in 31 states throughout the country. 26.Dioxins are objects that can cause cancer or several types of auto-immune disorders. 27.Environmentalists are still more concerned about air quality,though incinerators release fewer dioxins into the air than coal-fired or natural gas-powered electricity plants. 28.The fly ash is toxic,harmful and nasty stuff. 99

group. She says environmentalists need to accept the fact that like it or not , garbage exists and something has to be done with it. Ms. Zannes says if you bury it in a landfill , it takes up space and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. But if you burn it in a waste-to-energy facility , at least some good can come of it. "We , in this country , dispose of 30 million tons of trash a day in waste-to-energy facilities. And we generate enough electricity to meet the needs of about 2. 5 million homes. Now I think that' s a fabulous( thing. " But environmentalists like Paul Connett say it' s a mistake to assume that garbage does , in fact , have to exist. It' s estimated that as much as 70 percent of what' s going into America' s landfills and incinerators could be recycled or composted , and that' s one of the reasons environmentalists believe waste-toenergy is a step in the wrong direction. But industry representatives like Maria Zannes also have studies to point to. This one suggests that communities with waste-to-energy incinerators recycle about five percent more garbage than those without. Within the context of the passage, determine if the following statements are True or False. On the Answer Sheet I write "T" for True and "F" for False. 21. The technology of ‘ W aste-to-Energy ' incineration is popular in Japan and Scandinavia because of lack of landfill space. 22. In the USA , there isn' t much landfill space. 23. People in Lancaster. like to send their garbage to plants to be burned to generate the electricity to power about 15 thousand and 20 thousand homes. 24. According to Mr. Forster' s view , a Waste-to-Energy incinerator seems the good thing because it can diminish 90 % of the volume of the garbage. 25. There are near 100 Waste-to Energy incinerators in 31 states throughout the country. 26. Dioxins are objects that can cause cancer or several types of auto-immune disorders. 27. Environmentalists are still more concerned about air quality , though incinerators release fewer dioxins into the air than coal-fired or natural gas-powered electricity plants. 28. The fly ash is toxic , harmful and nasty stuff. 99

29.All environmentalists think if you bury it in a landfill,it takes up space and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.But if you burn it in a waste-to-energy facility, at least some good can come of it. 30.From this passage we can know that communities with waste-to-energy incinerators recycle about five percent more garbage than those without Part 2:Questions 31-35 are based on this part.(10 points,2 points each) What kind of people are these construction workers? They drive into town in big cars,and live in furnished rooms,and drink whiskey with beer chasers,and chase women they will soon forget.They linger only a little while,only until they have built the bridge;then they are off again to another town,another bridge, linking everything but their lives. They possess none of the foundation of their bridges.They are part circus,part gypsy- graceful in the air,restless on the ground;it is as if the wide-open road below lacks for them the clear direction of an eight-inch beam stretching across the sky six hundred feet above the sea. When there are no bridges to be built,they will build skyscrapers,or highways,or power dams,or anything that promises a challenge-and overtime.They will go anywhere, will drive a thousand miles all day and night to be part of a new building boom.They find boom towns irresistible.that is why they are called "the boomers. In appearance,boomers usually are big men,or if not always big,always strong,and their skin is ruddy from all the sun and wind.Some who heat rivets have charred complexions;some who drive rivets are hard of hearing;some who catch rivets in small metal cones have blisters and body burns marking each miss;some who do welding see flashes at night while they sleep.Those who connect steel have deep scars along their shins from climbing columns.Many boomers have mangled hands and fingers sliced off by slipped steel.Most have taken falls and broken a limb or two.All have seen death. They are cocky men,men of great pride,and at night they brag and build bridges in bars,and sometimes when they are turning to leave,the bartender will yell after them, "Hey,you guys,how's about clearing some steel out of here?" 100

29. All environmentalists think if you bury it in a landfill , it takes up space and adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. But if you burn it in a waste-to-energy facility , at least some good can come of it. 30. From this passage we can know that communities with waste-to-energy incinerators recycle about five percent more garbage than those without Part 2: Questions 31-35 are based on this part. (1 0 points, 2 points each) What kind of people are these construction workers? They drive into town in big cars, and live in furnished rooms , and drink whiskey with beer chasers , and chase women they will soon forget. They linger only a Iitde while , only until they have built the bridge; then they are off again to another town , another bridge , linking everything but their lives. They possess none of the foundation of their bridges. They are part circus , part gypsygraceful in the air , restless on the ground; it is as if the wide-open road below lacks for them the clear direction of an eight-inch beam stretching across the sky six hundred feet above the sea. When there are no bridges to be built , they will build skyscrapers , or highways, or power dams , or anything that promises a challenge-and overtime. They will go anywhere , will drive a thousand miles all day and night to be part of a new building boom. They find boom towns irresistible. that is why they are called "the boomers. " In appearance , boomers usually are big men , or if not always big , always strong , and their skin is ruddy from all the sun and wind. Some who heat rivets have charred complexions; some who drive rivets are hard of hearing; some who catch rivets in small metal cones have blisters and body burns marking each miss; some who do welding see flashes at night while they sleep. Those who connect steel have deep scars along their shins from climbing columns. Many boomers have mangled hands and fingers sliced off by slipped steel. Most have taken falls and broken a limb or two. All have seen death. They are cocky men , men of great pride , and at night they brag and build bridges in bars, and sometimes when they are turning to leave , the bartender will yell after them , "Hey , you guys, how's about clearing some steel out of here?" 100

Part 3:Questions 36-40 are based on this part. (20 points,4 points each) Golden boy It was in Matt's fifth-grade year that his mother decided to move the family to Cambridge in order to take advantage of the school system,specifically the Cambridge of the school,which is now know as Graham and Parks.The city of Cambridge,just across the Charles River from Boston,is famous for its universities (which include Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology)and has an extremely diverse population of more than 95,000 residents who speak a total of over fifty languages.The public-school population includes children of eighty-two nationalities. As a professor of early-childhood development at Lesley College in Cambridge,Matt's mother,Nancy,was enthusiastic about the exposure to so many different types of people that living in Cambridge would provide for Kyle and Matt-an exposure she further encouraged by moving the three of them into a communal home with five other families in' 1981.Jay Jones organized the purchase of a house with pink aluminum siding on Auburn Street in Cambridge's Central Square neighborhood in order to convert it into their experimental six-family cooperative,where he still lives.Matt enjoyed the experience."It was a great way to be raised,especially for an actor.Lots of different perspectives,just surrounded by lot of positive human beings,he said in an interview.The progressive living arrangement included a weekly three-hour community meeting and Sunday workdays.The "family"renovated their home together,with Matt and Kyle joining in. It was around the age of eight that Matt started getting involved with children's theater groups.The move was natural considering his early-childhood playtime activities.His mother was so strongly opposed to war games and violent cartoons which she believed stifled creativity)that she gave her sons only blocks to play with.If they complained,she suggested they invent their own games.As Matt remembered it in Interview magazine,"I was always making up stories and acting out plays;that's just the way I was raised.Older brother Kyle,now an artist,made the costumes. 102

Part 3: Questions 36-40 are based on this part. (20 points, 4 points each) Golden boy It was in Matt' s fifth-grade year that his mother decided to move the family to Cambridge in order to take advantage of the school system , specifically the Cambridge of the school , which is now know as Graham and Parks. The city of Cambridge , just across the Charles River from Boston , is famous for its universities (which include Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and has an extremely diverse population of more than 95 ,000 residents who speak a total of over fifty languages. The public-school population includes children of eighty-two nationalities. As a professor of early-childhood development at Lesley College in Cambridge , Matt' s mother, Nancy , was enthusiastic about the exposure to so many different types of people that living in Cambridge would provide for Kyle and Matt-an exposure she further encouraged by moving the three of them into a communal home with five other families in ‘ 1981. Jay Jones organized the purchase of a house with pink aluminum siding on Auburn Street in Cambridge' s Central Square neighborhood in order to convert it into their experimental six-family cooperative , where he still lives. Matt enjoyed the experience. "It was a great way to be raised , especially for an actor. Lots of different perspectives , just surrounded by lot of positive human beings," he said in an interview. The progressive living arrangement included a weekly three-hour community meeting and Sunday workdays. The "family" renovated their home together , with Matt and Kyle joining in. It was around the age of eight that Matt started getting involved with children's theater groups. The move was natural considering his early-childhood playtime activities. His mother was so strongly opposed to war games and violent cartoons (which she believed stifled creativity) that she gave her sons only blocks to play with. If they complained , she suggested they invent their own games. As Matt remembered it in Interview magazine ," I was always making up stories and acting out plays; that' s just the way I was raised. " Older brot her Kyle , now an artist , made the cost urnes. 102