Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)was first recognized as a disease in 1981 by the Center for Disease Control (CDC).AIDS leaves an individual vulnerable to illnesses that a healthy immune system would readily overcome.AIDS is acquired not inherited. The current epidemic of AIDS is predominantly among the homosexual male and intravenous (IV)drug users in the United States and the heterosexuals in central African population.The incidence of AIDS is increasing among other groups male and female.Never has so much been learned about a disease and its causative agent in such a short time but we have not solved the problem. reported to CDC that young homosexual men had a diseases ed pneuna by Pneunocystis carin.kaposi's sarcom.and various other oportunistic infections. The causative agent of AIDS is a retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)which are envelope viruses and posses an RNA genome.The retroviruses use genome in an infected host.There are two antigenic ncy vi irus HIVI and HIV2.There is also simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV)which is antigenically related and found in Primates in Africa.These viruses are in the family lentivirus family. Other information on AIDS Animation of the HIV
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a disease in 1981 by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). AIDS leaves an individual vulnerable to illnesses that a healthy immune system would readily overcome. AIDS is acquired not inherited. The current epidemic of AIDS is predominantly among the homosexual male and intravenous (IV) drug users in the United States and the heterosexuals in central African population. The incidence of AIDS is increasing among other groups male and female. Never has so much been learned about a disease and its causative agent in such a short time but we have not solved the problem. In the early 1980 it was reported to CDC that young homosexual men had a diseases that caused pneumonia by Pneumocystis carinii, Kaposi's sarcoma, and various other oportunistic infections. The causative agent of AIDS is a retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which are envelope viruses and posses an RNA genome. The retroviruses use reverse transcriptase to copy this genome in an infected host. There are two antigenic types of human immunodeficiency virus HIV1 and HIV2. There is also simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) which is antigenically related and found in Primates in Africa. These viruses are in the family lentivirus family. Other information on AIDS Animation of the HIV
HIV Virion 9p120 gp41 P17 ●●●● ipid laye Transcriptase Host proteins HIV virus budding from a cell HIV virus budding from a cell
HIV virus in a cell
Estimated incidence and distribution of HIV 5000 250 2sm 0gtAe Afric Latin Americar North Americe and Europe 1980859095 2000 Years Estimated proportion of men and women infected with HIV Men Women NorthAmerica 1 in75 1 in 700 SouthAmerica 1 in 125 1 in 500 Western Europe 1 in2001 in1400 South Africa 1 in40 1 in40 Possible causes of AIDS in the 1980
Estimated proportion of men and women infected with HIV Men Women North America 1 in 75 1 in 700 South America 1 in 125 1 in 500 Western Europe 1 in 200 1 in 1400 South Africa 1 in 40 1 in 40 Possible causes of AIDS in the 1980
1.Sperm was known to be Immunosuppressive. 2.Antigen overload might be Immunosuppressive. 3.Amyl Nitrate is known to be Immunosuppressive. 4.Blood products (AIDS in hemophiliacs). 5.Retrovirus was discovered in AIDS Patients. Retroviruses The retroviruses can be divided into two groups: Transforming viruses The transforming retroviruses can cause cancer.This virus often carries an oncogene. Bovine leukemia virus Avian type C virus Mammalian type C virus Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLVI and HTLV2)HTLV1 causes leukemia and does not have oncogene. Cyotpathic Viruses Visna virus Caprine arthritis encepalitis virus equine infectious animal virus feline immunodeficiency virus Immunodeficiency virus (HIV1,HIV2,SIV) Both and to STV than they are to each other.HIV and HIV2 only have 40%DNA homology whereas HIV2 has 75%homology with SIV.There is also known cross species transfer of SIV
1. Sperm was known to be Immunosuppressive. 2. Antigen overload might be Immunosuppressive. 3. Amyl Nitrate is known to be Immunosuppressive. 4. Blood products (AIDS in hemophiliacs). 5. Retrovirus was discovered in AIDS Patients. Retroviruses The retroviruses can be divided into two groups: Transforming viruses The transforming retroviruses can cause cancer. This virus often carries an oncogene. Bovine leukemia virus Avian type C virus Mammalian type C virus Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV1 and HTLV2) HTLV1 causes leukemia and does not have oncogene. Cyotpathic Viruses Visna virus Caprine arthritis encepalitis virus equine infectious animal virus feline immunodeficiency virus Immunodeficiency virus (HIV1, HIV2, SIV) Both HIV1 and HIV2 are more closely related to SIV than they are to each other. HIV1 and HIV2 only have 40% DNA homology whereas HIV2 has 75% homology with SIV. There is also known cross species transfer of SIV
Events Associated With The Progression Of AIDS Acute Chronic Crisis Koposi's Sarcoma with AIDS Tuberculosis Virel and fungal infection of mucous Severe opportunistic infection CD+Tcells T memory cells etwtusl T cell reactioity Relative Plasma Anti-gp41 Ab HIV tite nti-p24 AD 24 HIV 2 32 3 4 5 6 Months Years Time After Exposure to HIV
aces品ehi Four animal technicians working SIV.No on SIV mutates to HIV ←Monkey Blood o子a sparton i
The vaccine wa given to human Liquid Nitroge Some of the first monkey
Liquid Nitroger was shown to and,died Fortuna 1990 PCR technique was used to prove that we had CD4 T helper cells Other Cells have the CD4 antigen T helper cells have about 25 times Macrophages more CD4*Antigen Dendritic cells HIV is lymphotropic toT Helper cells certoin rectol cells
The provirus is transitted to daughter cell by cell division HIY dsDNA Provirus RNA/DNA hybrid LTR SSRNA Protein & CD26 Proteolytic gD 41 9p120 HIV Virion _gp120 P17 Lipid layer NA Reverse Transcriptase Host proteins