2-1(1) p1.9×1.6×10 -19 h6.626×10-34 46×10(HZ D、C 3×102 14 65×10(mm) 4.6×10 (2) Ek+φ(1.5+19)×16×10 -19 h 6.626×1034 =82×10(Hz 3×10 v82×10≈3.66×10(mm
4.6 10 (Hz) 6.626 10 1.9 1.6 10 1 4 3 4 1 9 0 = = = − − h 6.5 10 (nm) 4.6 10 3 10 2 1 4 8 0 0 = = = c 8.2 10 (Hz) 6.626 10 (1.5 1.9) 1.6 10 1 4 3 4 1 9 = + = + = − − h Ek 3.66 10 (nm) 8.2 10 3 10 2 14 8 = = = c 2-1(1) (2)
2-2(1)类氢原子He+(Z=2);Li艹(z=3)的r、v 之n=89nm) v=Zy 2.2×10°-(m/s) (2)Het+(z=2)、Lit+(z=3)在基态(nb=1)的结合能 E=E。-Ek E=136-,(ev) kb (3)从基态到第一激发态的激发能: AE=E2-E1=136(1-2)z(ev) 从第一激发态到基态激发的光 Rn(~1 ) 122
类氢原子He+(Z=2); Li++ 2-2(1) (Z=3)的 r、v He+(Z=2)、 Li++(Z=3) 在基态(nb (2) =1)的结合能: (3)从基态到第一激发态的激发能: ) (eV) 2 1 13.6(1 2 E = E2 − E1 = − 2 Z 从第一激发态到基态激发的光:
23En=-13.6-2(ev Ek=E2-E1=-13.6×3×( =918(eV) 1 27 k 32 11=1337(m) (x32-A21)=1337(mm 22(22-2) 121.6-656.3 133.7 133.7 Z=2
2-3 2-7
2-8 Z=2 En=-13.62(ev) 11 E21=E2-21=-13.6×2×(2-12)=40ey m2=E21-136=272(eV 2×27.2×1.6×10 91×10-31 =3.09×10°m/s)
2-8
2-11 Mrn HH H+me AD mn+m meme 1+ H Ru p Im +nm mmn n Rp up 1+ 1+ m +n R H H R 0.999728-0.50020 1836 R 1-0999728 R D
2-11
2-13 =T(4)-7(4p) 3d1 =T(3s)-7(4p) P 3-7n)-7(4p) =T(3p)-T(4s) =T(3p)-T(3) 3s 选择定则 △l=±1 =T(3s)-T(3p)
选择定则 3d 3p 3s 4s 4p 2-13 (4 ) (4 ) 1 1 = T s −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 2 = T s −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 3 = T d −T p (3 ) (4 ) 1 4 = T p −T s (3 ) (3 ) 1 5 = T p −T d (3 ) (3 ) 1 6 = T s −T p
2-14(1)1=T(3p)-7(0)=T(3p) ∴Ⅳ、 =2.447×10°m-) 1。408.6×10 钠原子的共振线波长:A。=A3n3s ∴。=T(3s)-T(3p) T(3)=T(3p)+=2447×106+ 4.144×10°(m2) 589.3×10 hcT E(3p)=-hcT3p)=-3.03(eV) E(3s)=-hcT(3s)=-5.14(eV (2)肭原子基态电子的电离能:E1=-E(3s)=5.14(ev) 从基态到第一激发态的激发能 △E=E(3p)-E(3s)=-303-(-514)=2.1leV)
(3 ) ( ) (3 ) 1 = T p −T = T p 2.447 10 (m ) 408.6 10 1 1 (3 ) 6 1 9 − − = = = T p 钠原子的共振线波长: (3 ) (3 ) 1 T s T p c = − 4.144 10 (m ) 589.3 10 1 2.447 10 1 (3 ) (3 ) 6 -1 9 6 = = + = + − c T s T p (3 ) (3 ) 5.14(eV) (3 ) (3 ) 3.03(eV) = − = − = − = − = − E s hcT s E p hcT p E hcT 钠原子基态电子的电离能: 从基态到第一激发态的激发能:E = −E(3s) = 5.14(eV) i E = E(3 p) − E(3s) = −3.03 − (−5.14) = 2.11(eV) 2-14(1) (2)
3-1p=√2mE 0.39(mm)(Ek=10ev) 1.226 0123(mm)(Ek=100ev) meK k(ev 7) 0.039(mm)(Ek=1000eV) 3-2(1)∵P=;1=1=0.4m c1240 ∵E=hv h 3100(eV) 0.4 1.226 1.226 E 9.4(eⅤ 2 2n见 0.4 E3100 ≈3300 k 9
3-1 3-2(1) (2)
3-3 Ek=m, c2-m,c2=moc2 2m, →1 2 2n。1 3 ≈0.0014(nm)
3-3
3-4 设a为晶格常数,d为晶面间距 2d sina=ka a sine=ka k=1,2,3,… k=1,2,3,… d=0.18mm,a=30°,k=1● =2× d sina c 2×0.18×sin30°=0.18mm h663×10-34 ∷P-元 0.18×10 368×10kg·m/s··● 3.68×10 24 k2m2×1.67×10-27 4.06×10 21 =406×10-21() 1.60×10-19=0.025(eV
1,2,3, sin = = k a k 1,2,3, 2 sin = = k d k d 设a 为晶格常数,d 为晶面间距 a 3-4 d = 0.18nm, = 30 , k = 1 nm d 2 0.18 sin30 0.18 2 sin = = = kg m s h p 3.68 10 / 0.18 10 6.63 10 2 4 9 3 4 = = = − − − ( ) ( ) 0.025(e v) 1.60 10 4.06 10 4.06 10 2 1.67 10 3.68 10 2 1 9 2 1 2 1 2 7 2 2 2 4 = = = = = − − − − − J m p Ek