WIPO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HANDBOOK WIPO
WIPO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HANDBOOK
Detailed Table of Contents muouction The Concept of Intellectual Property The World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO) History Activities Administration 44578992 Chapter 2 Fields of Intellectual Property Protection Patents Drafting and Filing Examination of a Patent Application y Lice the Patented Invention 5e5 777247340 Utility Models
Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction The Concept of Intellectual Property 3 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 4 History 4 Mission and Activities 5 Structure 7 Administration 8 Membership 9 Constitutional Reform 9 Wider Consultation and Outreach 12 Chapter 2 Fields of Intellectual Property Protection Patents 17 Introduction 17 Conditions of Patentability 17 Drafting and Filing a Patent Application 22 Examination of a Patent Application 24 Infringement 27 Exploitation of the Patented Invention 33 Compulsory Licenses 34 Utility Models 40
WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook:Policy,Law and Use Copyright and Related Rights rotection right Protection ghts C ised in Copyrigt e mitaionon ight Protection Piracy and Infringement 404042146195012654 Trademarks Definitions Signs Wh e as Trademarks Protection of Trademark Rights 8017 Use Requirements rademark egistration 7数 Change of Ownership Trad mark Licensing chisin Character Merchandising 4016 Industrial Designs and Integrated Circuits ial D 强 Geographical Indications ntr 避 099 Multilateral Treaties 124 oT Ge ical ndicati Provisions 129 Protection Against Unfair Competition 130 ntroduction
ii WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use Copyright and Related Rights 40 Introduction 40 Copyright Protection 41 Subject Matter of Copyright Protection 42 Rights Comprised in Copyright 43 Related Rights 46 Ownership of Copyright 49 Limitations on Copyright Protection 50 Piracy and Infringement 51 Remedies 52 Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions 56 Trends and Experiences in the Protection of TCEs 64 Conceptual and Policy Questions 66 Recent and Possible Future Developments 67 Trademarks 67 Introduction 67 Definitions 68 Signs Which May Serve as Trademarks 70 Criteria of Protectability 71 Protection of Trademark Rights 77 Use Requirements 77 Trademark Registration 79 Removal of the Trademark from the Register 82 Trademark Piracy, Counterfeiting and Imitation of Labels and Packaging 90 Change of Ownership 92 Trademark Licensing 94 Trade Names 96 Franchising 97 Character Merchandising 105 Industrial Designs and Integrated Circuits 112 Industrial Designs 112 Integrated Circuits 118 Geographical Indications 120 Introduction 120 Protection of Geographical Indications on the National Level 122 Protection of Geographical Indications on the International Level through Multilateral Treaties 124 Protection of Geographical Indications on the International Level through the Provisions of Bilateral Agreements 129 Protection Against Unfair Competition 130 Introduction 130 The Need for Protection 132 The Legal Basis for Protection 133 The Acts of Unfair Competition 136
Table of contents iil e Role of Intellectual Property in Development and WIPO's Development Cooperation Program Objectives of Developing Countries 163 evelop ent lndentions,fehno6gytandDeVeiopmen pment 避 The Promotion of Innovation 1e8 A Global Approach to Establishing Innovation and Invention Support Structures or Services 169 Strucrrer anend Managing innovation and invention support n nter orn novation Support Network 170 Licensing and the Transfer of Technology ctanonelrensitgagaeacaemtionofrecthnology The nsing Ac 178 Remuneration 184 eotntelettal8reeieA ses censing Agreements 188 Copyright and Development 195 The Development Cooperation Program of WIPO ment Cooperation in Relation to Intellectual Property The WIPO Worldwide Academy lleceryigh Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights,Copyright and Related Rights 207 Introduction Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights in General tand Related Rights Enforcement Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement
Table of contents iii Chapter 3 The Role of Intellectual Property in Development and WIPO’s Development Cooperation Program Objectives of Developing Countries 163 Industrial Property and Development 164 Industrial Property Protection and Development 164 Inventions, Technology and Development 166 The Promotion of Innovation 168 Introduction 168 A Global Approach to Establishing Innovation and Invention Support Structures or Services 169 Implementing and Managing Innovation and Invention Support Structures and Services 170 Innovation Center or Innovation Support Network 170 Licensing and the Transfer of Technology 172 Introduction 172 The Commercial Transfer and Acquisition of Technology 172 Negotiation of Licensing Agreements 178 Remuneration 184 Types of Intellectual Property Licenses 188 Government Control of Licensing Agreements 193 Copyright and Development 195 The Development Cooperation Program of WIPO 196 Introduction 196 Objectives 196 Development Cooperation in Relation to Intellectual Property 197 The WIPO Worldwide Academy 202 Chapter 4 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights, Copyright and Related Rights 207 Introduction 207 Enforcement of Industrial Property Rights in General 208 Enforcement of Patent Rights 211 Enforcement of Copyright and Related Rights 213 Activities Within WIPO Concerning Enforcement 219 Enforcement Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement 220
iv WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook:Policy,Law and Use Intellectual Property Litigation 220 Introduction Infringemendustrial Property Office Dec Arbitration and Mediation of Intellectual Property Disputes 501 WIPO Arbitration d al Context WIPO Internet Domain Name Dispute Resolution The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property History 241 Principal Provisions Administrative and Financial Provisions 28粥 The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works History 26 aris)Act of the Convention Developing Countries and the Berne Convention The WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) 268 Legal Nature of the WCT and its Relationship with Other International Treaties 器 The Patent Cooperation Treaty(PCT) Vantages The Function
iv WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use Intellectual Property Litigation 220 Introduction 220 Review of Industrial Property Office Decisions 220 Infringement Actions 225 Remedies 228 Arbitration and Mediation of Intellectual Property Disputes 230 Alternative Dispute Resolution 230 Enforcement in the International Context 231 WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center 232 WIPO Internet Domain Name Dispute Resolution 234 Chapter 5 International Treaties and Conventions on Intellectual Property The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 241 History 241 Principal Provisions 242 Administrative and Financial Provisions 259 The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 262 History 262 Principal Provisions 262 The Latest (Paris) Act of the Convention 265 Administration 266 Developing Countries and the Berne Convention 267 The WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) 269 Introduction 269 Legal Nature of the WCT and its Relationship with Other International Treaties 269 Substantive Provisions of the WCT 270 Administrative Provisions 276 The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 276 Introduction 276 The Functioning of the PCT System 278 Advantages of the PCT System 282
Table of contents v The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure tthe Treaty 285 Main Advantages of the Treaty The Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement coming Party The Function mttatepmotie of Inte nal Registration 292 Advantages of the System 292 The Hag Designs 29 The Principle of International Deposit 293 Main Provisions of the Hag jue Agreement Act of e Agr ment The Trademark Law Treaty(TLT) 297 The Patent Law Treaty(PLT) 3 Introduction ons of the ty and the Regulations 8 Treaties on Classification 305 305 305 The Nice Ag ement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpos es of the Registration of Marks 308 The Vie Agreement Esta ng an International Classification of ement Establishing an International Classification 311 for Industrial Designs 313 in the Field of el ent dcasting Organizations(the 'Rome Convention') 314 14 Relation Between the Protection of Related Rights and Copyright 315 Principal Provisions 316
Table of contents v The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 285 Background to the Treaty 285 Summary of the Treaty 285 Main Advantages of the Treaty 286 The Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement 287 Introduction 287 The Functioning of the System of International Registration 288 Becoming Party to the Agreement or Protocol 292 Advantages of the System 292 The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs 293 Introduction 293 The Principle of International Deposit 293 Main Provisions of the Hague Agreement 293 Benefits of Accession to the Hague Agreement 295 The Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement 296 The Trademark Law Treaty (TLT) 297 Introduction 297 Provisions of the Treaty and the Regulations 297 The Patent Law Treaty (PLT) 301 Introduction 301 Provisions of the Treaty and the Regulations 301 Advantages of the PLT 305 Treaties on Classification 305 Introduction 305 The Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification 305 The Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks 308 The Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks 311 The Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs 313 Special Conventions in the Field of Related Rights: The International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations (the “Rome Convention”) 314 Introduction 314 Relation Between the Protection of Related Rights and Copyright 315 Principal Provisions 316
i WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook:Policy,Law and Use The Implementation of the Rome Convention 319 The Rome Convention and Developing Countries 319 Other Special Cor cial entions in the Field of Related Rights 8 asons for and pur ses of the Special Conventions 321 2 ain Features of the Special Conventions gr ms Co entio and Developing Countries The WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty(WPPT) 3部 Legal Nature of the WPPT and its Relationship with Other International Treaties 325 Substantive Provisions of the WPPT AimonistratirePprovisios ormance The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 381 onal Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants The 1991 Act of the UPOV Convention 36 Developments in Plant Variety Protection 345 The A n Trade-Related As WPO-WTOC pegRectoftnteiectualPropertyRign Introduction 345 General Provisions,Basic Principles and Final Provisions(Parts I and VIl) 347 an e Availa bility,Scope and Use of Intellectual ent of Intellectual Property Rights(Part Ill) 399 Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related res (Pa art Iv) ation betw en the World intelle t 355 ual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization 357 essive Development of International Intellectual Property Law 38 The Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions for the Protection of nown Marks ing Tr m ark lic Marks 361 and Other Industrial Property Rights in Signs,on the Internet 362
vi WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use The Implementation of the Rome Convention 319 The Rome Convention and Developing Countries 319 Other Special Conventions in the Field of Related Rights 320 The Other Special Conventions 320 Reasons for and Purposes of the Special Conventions 321 Main Features of the Special Conventions 322 Substantive Provisions of the Phonograms Convention 323 Substantive Provisions of the Satellites Convention 323 The Phonograms and Satellites Conventions and Developing Countries 324 The WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) 325 Introduction 325 Legal Nature of the WPPT and its Relationship with Other International Treaties 325 Substantive Provisions of the WPPT 326 Administrative Provisions 331 Audiovisual Performances 331 The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants 331 Introduction 331 The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 332 The 1991 Act of the UPOV Convention 335 Developments in Plant Variety Protection 345 The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS”) and WIPO-WTO Cooperation 345 Introduction 345 General Provisions, Basic Principles and Final Provisions (Parts I and VII) 347 Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights (Part II) 349 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (Part III) 355 Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Procedures (Part IV) 356 Dispute Prevention and Settlement (Part V) 357 Cooperation between the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization 357 Progressive Development of International Intellectual Property Law 360 Introduction 360 The Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions for the Protection of Well-Known Marks 361 The Joint Recommendation Concerning Trademark Licenses 361 The Joint Recommendation Concerning the Protection of Marks, and Other Industrial Property Rights in Signs, on the Internet 362
Table of contents vi Chapter 6 Administration and Teaching of Intellectual Property Administration of Industrial Property 367 Structure in the Industrial Property Office The Trademark Office The Industrial De 37阳 Administration of Copvriaht and Related Rights The Role of Public Authorities in Copyright and Related Rights Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights 游 rademark Attoey The Functions of a Patent Agent orporate e Pate f p Atto eys The of a tra gents Skills and Knowledge of a Patent Agent The Teaching of Intellectual Property Law Choosing Te eaching Materials and Writing a Syllabus g M no ar Strategie titutes Conclusion electual Property logical and Legal Developments in Intellectual Property Computer Programs of the P of Co Protection of Comput er prog Protection of Computer Programs unde ns Co n of C nputer Programs ation ar d Use of wo th ers Programs Databases 441
Table of contents vii Chapter 6 Administration and Teaching of Intellectual Property Administration of Industrial Property 367 Introduction 367 Administrative Structure in the Industrial Property Office 368 The Patent Office 369 The Trademark Office 372 The Industrial Designs Office 375 Intergovernmental Cooperation 376 Administration Of Copyright and Related Rights 386 The Role of Public Authorities in Copyright and Related Rights 386 Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights 387 The Patent and Trademark Attorney 401 Introduction 401 The Functions of a Patent Agent 401 Corporate Patent Attorneys 411 Associations of Patent Agents 413 The Functions of a Trademark Agent 415 Skills and Knowledge of a Patent Agent 420 The Teaching of Intellectual Property Law 421 Introduction 421 Intellectual Property Teaching Programs 422 Selecting Intellectual Property Courses 425 Choosing Teaching Materials and Writing a Syllabus 426 Teaching Methods and Educational Strategies 428 The Role of Teachers in the Legislative Process 429 Training and Research Institutes for Intellectual Property 430 Conclusion 431 Chapter 7 Technological and Legal Developments in Intellectual Property Computer Programs 435 Introduction 435 Brief History of the Protection of Computer Programs 436 Protection of Computer Programs under Patents 436 Protection of Computer Programs under Copyright 436 International Norms Concerning Copyright Protection of Computer Programs 437 National Legislation on the Protection of Computer Programs 437 Creation and Use of Works by Means of Computers 439 Databases 441
vi WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook:Policy,Law and Use Biotechnology Tra Reprography Repr ography and Intellectual Property Audio and Video Recording 1444444 Satellites stril bution Systems et Elestronic Commerce A Complementary Approach to the Development of Intellectual Propert WIPO 51 WIPO's Global Network nain Name Processes Standing Committees and Advisory Bodies Bibliography
viii WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use Biotechnology 442 Introduction 442 Adoption and Dissemination 443 Need for Protection 444 Existing Protection 445 Traditional Knowledge 446 Reprography 448 Reprography and Intellectual Property 448 Audio and Video Recording 449 Communication Technologies 450 Introduction 450 Satellites 451 Cable Distribution 453 Digital Distribution Systems 454 The Internet 455 Electronic Commerce 455 A Complementary Approach to the Development of Intellectual Property Norms 457 WIPO Internet Domain Name Processes 457 WIPO’s Global Network 459 Standing Committees and Advisory Bodies 459 Bibliography
The Concept of Intellectual Property The World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO) History and Activities Administration Member ship
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The Concept of Intellectual Property The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) History Mission and Activities Structure Administration Membership Constitutional Reform Wider Consultation and Outreach