Chapter 16 The d-block elements (1 X$16.1 Outline on the d-block elements X*16.2 Titanium Vanadium x§16.3 Cr Mo W x§16.4Mn x§16.5 Fe Co Ni
Chapter 16 The d-block elements ( Ⅰ ) §16.5 Fe Co Ni §16.4 Mn §16.3 Cr Mo W * §16.2 Titanium Vanadium §16.1 Outline on the d-block elements
16.1 Outline on the 4-block elements 16.1.1 The atom radii and ionization energy of the d-block elements 16.1.2 General physical properties 16.1.3 The chemical properties of the d-block elements 16.1.4 Oxidation numbers of the d- block elements e16.1.5 Colors of the d-block metal ions in solution
§16.1 Outline on the d-block elements 16.1.5 Colors of the d-block metal ions in solution 16.1.4 Oxidation numbers of the dblock elements 16.1.3 The chemical properties of the d-block elements 16.1.2 General physical properties 16.1.1 The atom radii and ionization energy of the d-block elements
16.1.1 The atom radii and ionization energy of the d-block elements 1.The position of the d-block elements in the periodic table 1 18 IA 0 2 131415 1617 H IIIA IVA VA VIA VIA He Li Be B N 0 Ne 3 8 9 1011 12 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIB IB IIB A1 Si Ca Sc Ti n Fe Co Zn Ga Ge As Se Kr Rb b Tc Ru R n Sn Sb e Xe Ba a Ha Re 03 Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Rf Db Bh Hs 系 Ce Px Nb Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Ex Tm Yb Lu 钢系 Th Pa p Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
16.1.1 The atom radii and ionization energy of the d-block elements 1. The position of the d-block elements in the periodic table
2.The valence electron configurations of the d-block elements (n-1)d10ns1-2;Pd:4d10 3dl-34s2 3d54s1 3d5-84s23di04s1-2 4d-25s2 4d4-55s14d55s24d7-85s1 4d105s0-2 5dl-76s2 5d9-106s1 5d106s0-2 3.The atom radii of the d-block elements 145 132 福 器 137 136
3. The atom radii of the d-block elements 2. The valence electron configurations of the d- block elements 3d1-34s 2 (n-1)d1-10ns1-2; Pd: 4d10 3d 54s 1 3d5-84s 2 3d104s1-2 4d1-25s 2 4d4-55s 1 4d 55s 2 4d7-85s 1 4d105s0-2 5d1-76s 2 5d9-106s 1 5d106s0-2
4.The first ionization energy()of d-block elements 850 800 70 700 5th 650 4ch 00 550 00 解 RB The overall tendency is that values of I become slightly bigger from left->right in a row,while irregular in a group
The overall tendency is that values of I1 become slightly bigger from left → right in a row, while irregular in a group. 4. The first ionization energy(I1) of d-block elements
16.1. 2 General physical properties High m.p and b.p Tungsten (W)has the highest m.p among the elemental substances ·High hardness The hardest metal:Cr High densities The most dense metal:Os Good conductor of heat and electricity,and good ductibility(延展性)
16.1.2 General physical properties • High m.p and b.p Tungsten (W) has the highest m.p among the elemental substances • High hardness The hardest metal: Cr • High densities The most dense metal: Os • Good conductor of heat and electricity, and good ductibility(延展性 )
3500 Re 3000 Ta 6th row Mo 2500 Ir melting points Hf 2000 5th row Rh Pt Lu r Ti Fe 1500 Sc Co Pd N 4th row Mn Cu 1000 Au 500 ●Zn >Cd 0 Hg IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIB W IB IIB A plot showing the trend of melting point of the transition metals
A plot showing the trend of melting point of the transition metals melting points 6th row 5th row 4th row
4B B 6B 28 A plot showing changes of density The most dense metal:Os catalysts:Most of transition metals and their compounds have unique catalytic properties,e.g.:Pt,Pd,Fe,Cu,V,...PdCl,V2Os....are often used as catalyst magnetic:Most of transition metal atoms and their ions have unpaired electrons,therefore have paramagnetic properties;magnetic moment increases with increasing number of unpaired electrons
A plot showing changes of density The most dense metal: Os zcatalysts: Most of transition metals and their compounds have unique catalytic properties, e.g.:Pt, Pd, Fe, Cu,V,…PdCl 2,V 2 O 5….are often used as catalyst zmagnetic:Most of transition metal atoms and their ions have unpaired electrons, therefore have paramagnetic properties; magnetic moment increases with increasing number of unpaired electrons
16.1.3 The chemical properties of the d-block elements 元素 Sc Cr Mn lM"M) -1.2 -1.63 -0.90 -1.18 V (估算值) 可溶该 热HCI HNO3, 稀HCI 稀HCI 金属的 各种酸 HF H2SO4 HF 酸 浓H2SO4 H2SO4 等 元素 Fe Co Ni Cu Zn lem"M) -0.409 -0.282 -0.236 +0.339 -0.762 V 可溶该 稀HCI 缓慢溶解 稀HCl HNO3,浓 稀HCI 金属的 H2SO4 在HCI等 H2S04等 热H2SO4 H2SO4 酸 等 酸中 等 General trends:The chemical reactivity of metal elements decreases from left to right
16.1.3 The chemical properties of the d-block elements General trends ：The chemical reactivity of metal elements decreases from left to right 元素 Sc Ti V Cr Mn --- -1.63 -1.2 (估算值 ) -0.90 -1.18 可溶该 金属的 酸 各种酸 热 HCl HF HNO 3， HF 浓 H 2SO 4 稀 HCl H 2SO 4 稀 HCl H 2SO 4 等 元素 Fe Co Ni Cu Zn -0.409 -0.282 -0.236 +0.339 -0.762 可溶该 金属的 酸 稀 HCl H 2SO 4 等 缓慢溶解 在 HCl 等 酸中 稀 HCl H 2SO 4 等 HNO 3，浓 热 H 2SO 4 稀 HCl H 2SO 4 等 ( ) V M /M 2 + E ( ) V M /M 2 + E
Vithin a group？ EeNi2+/Ni)）=-0.2363V 10 11 12 4th row Ni Cu Zn Ee(Pd2+/Pd)=+0.92V 5th row Pd Ag Cd 6th row Pt Au Hg E(Pt2+/Pt)=+l.2V(estimated value估计值) Ee(Zn2+/Zn)=-0.762V Ee(Cd2+/Cd)=-0.402V E©(Hg2+/Hg)=+0.852V General trend:The chemical reactivity of metal elements decreases from top to bottom
General trend：The chemical reactivity of metal elements decreases from top to bottom ( ) ( ) ( ) Hg /Hg 0.852V Cd /Cd 0.402V Zn /Zn 0.762V 2 2 2 = + = − = − + + + E E E E (Ni2+/Ni) =－0.2363V E (Pd2+/Pd) = +0.92V E (Pt2+/Pt) = +1.2V(estimated value估计值) Within a group? 4th row 5th row 6th row Ni Pd Pt Cu Ag Au Zn Cd Hg 10 11 12