第三单元白测练习 中央电大外语学院孙建华 Unit 3 Review Reminders Question 1:Do you need to remember the short story elements taught in this unit? You are expected to understandwhat each elements means (the Chinese equivalents for the elements):you are expected to know what the main elements of a short story are.But your main focus should be to follow and analyze the plot structure of a short story.and summarize the plot of story:you are expected to ldentify charaterisation,leam about different ways of presenting a character and write character sketches;you are expected to leam about the functions of settings in relation to action and character:you are expected to follow the time structure of a story. Question 2 What are main elements of a short story? 1.Plot:(Plot is what happens as a result of the main conflict.the chain of circumstances and events isolated from the rest of human experience and treated as a coherent whole.presented in a clear-cut pattern.a unified order The plot develops as the protagonist struggles with a problem,find a solution.and accepts the changes which result. The parts of the plot include the exposition (which introduce the characters and setting.establishes the point of view.and gives background information).opening incident (which leads the man character to a conflct and begins the plot),rising action (which builds the conflict).dimax (which raises conflict to greatest intensity,changes the course of events or the ways readers understand the story).faling action (which reduces the conflict and prepares the reader for the resolution)and resolution (which ends the conflict). In summarizing the plot of a story,you can use the following questions as your reference What event or events lead the main character to a conflict?What initial confict does he or she encounter?Is the conflict internal or external?What are the results of the initial conflict?
第三单元自测练习 中央电大外语学院 孙建华 Unit 3 Review Reminders Question 1: Do you need to remember the short story elements taught in this unit? You are expected to understand what each elements means (the Chinese equivalents for the elements); you are expected to know what the main elements of a short story are. But your main focus should be to follow and analyze the plot structure of a short story, and summarize the plot of story; you are expected to identify charaterisation, learn about different ways of presenting a character and write character sketches; you are expected to learn about the functions of settings in relation to action and character; you are expected to follow the time structure of a story. Question 2 What are main elements of a short story? 1．Plot: (情节) Plot is what happens as a result of the main conflict, the chain of circumstances and events isolated from the rest of human experience and treated as a coherent whole, presented in a clear-cut pattern, a unified order. The plot develops as the protagonist struggles with a problem, find a solution, and accepts the changes which result. The parts of the plot include the exposition (which introduce the characters and setting, establishes the point of view, and gives background information), opening incident (which leads the main character to a conflict and begins the plot), rising action (which builds the conflict), climax (which raises conflict to greatest intensity, changes the course of events or the ways readers understand the story), falling action (which reduces the conflict and prepares the reader for the resolution)and resolution (which ends the conflict). In summarizing the plot of a story, you can use the following questions as your reference: What event or events lead the main character to a conflict? What initial conflict does he or she encounter? Is the conflict internal or external? What are the results of the initial conflict?
What does the initial conflict build to additional,more complicated conflicts?What finally brings the conflict to its greatest intensity.to a kind of "boiling point"? What is the climax?What happens as a result of the climax?What is the end result? 2.Setting:where the story happens and background information about what is to happen. The setting is the time and place,or series of times and places,where protagonist and antagonist meet.Readers learn about the setting through the eyes of the narrator. If the setting plays a key role in the play.the writer may give details.But more often.a short story writer does not devote descriptive paragraphs to clarifying the setting. 3.Characterisation:the wary the characters are depicted.A writer can convey character in a number of ways.One way is by giving a physical description.The most important part of portraying effective characterisation is showing through dialogue.It is also possible to show character through what he does and how he acts. When writing a character sketch,you can use the following list as your reference. Character's identity Character's physical attributes Character's background (famly.education,home life,hobbies.etc.) Character's feelings and thoughts (How do characters react emotionally to frustrating situations?How do they react to success or embarrassment? Character's speech (What do characters sound like when they talk?What knd of vocabulary do they use?) Character's pecularities(the most unusua characteristics) 4.Point of view:the perspective fromwhich the story is told.The short story is traditionally written fromeither first-person or third person point of view. 5.Time structure:The simplest way of structuring time is to start at one point and to follow a straight time line from that point to the end of a story.An altemative is to use flashblack to an earlier period of time.Another alternative is to switch backwards and forwards in time Question 3 Do you need to leam about all the authors included in the unit and remember relevant information about them?
What does the initial conflict build to additional, more complicated conflicts? What finally brings the conflict to its greatest intensity, to a kind of “boiling point”? What is the climax? What happens as a result of the climax? What is the end result? 2．Setting : where the story happens and background information about what is to happen. The setting is the time and place, or series of times and places, where protagonist and antagonist meet. Readers learn about the setting through the eyes of the narrator. If the setting plays a key role in the play, the writer may give details. But more often, a short story writer does not devote descriptive paragraphs to clarifying the setting. 3. Characterisation: the way the characters are depicted. A writer can convey character in a number of ways. One way is by giving a physical description. The most important part of portraying effective characterisation is showing through dialogue. It is also possible to show character through what he does and how he acts. When writing a character sketch, you can use the following list as your reference. Character’s identity Character’s physical attributes Character’s background (family, education, home life, hobbies, etc.) Character’s feelings and thoughts (How do characters react emotionally to frustrating situations? How do they react to success or embarrassment? ) Character’s speech (What do characters sound like when they talk? What kind of vocabulary do they use? ) Character’s peculiarities (the most unusual characteristics) 4. Point of view: the perspective from which the story is told. The short story is traditionally written from either first-person or third person point of view. 5. Time structure: The simplest way of structuring time is to start at one point and to follow a straight time line from that point to the end of a story. An alternative is to use flashblack to an earlier period of time. Another alternative is to switch backwards and forwards in time. Question 3 Do you need to learn about all the authors included in the unit and remember relevant information about them?
No.But you need to learn about the following writers.about their writing career.their influences and,of course their major works. 1.Liam OFlaherty 2.Emnest Hemingway 3.James Joyce 4.Sherwood Anderson Question 4 Of the following works,which is more important? The Sniper TheW怕y Up to Heaven Words Long Unspoken.The Man Who Taik to the Trees,Bluebels and Autumn Leaves The End of Something Hiis Like White Eiephants Eveline Thief Paper Pllls The above stories are of equal importance. Question 5 Among the short story writers included in this unit,who are the Nobel Laureats in literature? Ernest Hemingway (1899~1961).won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 Tor his mastery of the art of narrative.most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea. and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" His major works indlude The Old Man and the Sea(《老人与春》) The Sun Als0Rses((太阳照样升起》) A Farewel怕Arm5(《水别了，武器》) For Whom the Bel Tolls(《丧钟为连而鸣》) Question 6 Among the short story writers included in this unit,who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and ll? Sherwood Anderson did
No. But you need to learn about the following writers, about their writing career, their influences and, of course their major works. 1. Liam O’Flaherty 2. Ernest Hemingway 3. James Joyce 4. Sherwood Anderson Question 4 Of the following works, which is more important? The Sniper The Way Up to Heaven Words Long Unspoken, The Man Who Talk to the Trees , Bluebells and Autumn Leaves The End of Something Hills Like White Elephants Eveline Thief Paper Pills The above stories are of equal importance. Question 5 Among the short story writers included in this unit, who are the Nobel Laureats in literature? Ernest Hemingway (1899~1961), won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" His major works include The Old Man and the Sea (《老人与海》) The Sun Also Rises （《太阳照样升起》） A Farewell to Arms （《永别了，武器》） For Whom the Bell Tolls （《丧钟为谁而鸣》） Question 6 Among the short story writers included in this unit, who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and II? Sherwood Anderson did
Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941).an American writer who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and ll.He was a writer's writer,the only story-teller of his generation who left his mark on the style and vision of Hemingway. Faulkner.Steinbeck.etc.His style was modeled on the common speech of ordinary people.Most of his work was set in the Mid-West.His best known work is his short story collection,inesbwg,Oho(《银套线州的温斯堡》)，the story of a small town told by its inhabitants
Sherwood Anderson (1876~1941)，an American writer who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and II. He was a writer’s writer, the only story-teller of his generation who left his mark on the style and vision of Hemingway, Faulkner, Steinbeck, etc. His style was modeled on the common speech of ordinary people. Most of his work was set in the Mid-West. His best known work is his short story collection, Winesburg, Ohio （《俄亥俄州的温斯堡》），the story of a small town told by its inhabitants