The United States of America Unit7 American Literature(美国文学) 一、本单元重点内容 L.Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper(华盛顿登文和詹母士·贵尼莫岸珀) 2.Transcendentalists(超验主文者) 3.Nathaniel Hawthome and Herman Melville(纳撒尼尔·霍桑和赫尔曼·悔尔维尔) 4.alt Whitman(瓦尔特-惠特曼) 5.Mark Twain(马克吐温) 6.Emily Dickinson(爱米莉·秋更生) 7.the naturalis到白然主义作家) 8 T.S.Elio(托·斯-艾略特) 9.the“Lost Generation'”(迷惘的一代) 10 Villiam Faulkne氧威康-相克的) II.arlem Renaissanco哈莱线文艺复是) I2 Eugene O'Neil(尤金·奥尼尔) I3.African-American writers(半洲将美国作家) 14 women writers(女性作家 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.Writers of the post-Revolutionary period (had been embarrassed that America did not have much of a history)类国革命(1T75-178后的作家（因为美国没有太多的历史记载，所以 这一时期使美国人感到很尴尬) I)Washington Irving华盛顿款文)inventing a history:Hirtory of New York(组约外史》(I80g,Rp 1an所n业《瑞普·凡温克尔).The Legend ofS张eepy Hollow《绿容的传说》，The Alhambra《同尔罕自 拉》(accounts of hist0y历史传奇故事集m1832).T0 on Prairies《草原漫游记》(1835) ames Feninore Cooper(詹母士·费尼莫-库珀)：TheS《间课》(nomd182I,Lemthersocking Tas《皮袜子的故事集》dg7Pon(拓范者》(l82).mLa国a可Mohicans《最后的莫希 干人》(I826,he Praine(大草原)(I827,The Pathfinder《探路人》(I840)and The Deerslayer《杀 鹿者》(1841) *In The Pioneers.he inroduced the fabulous woodsman,Natty Bumppo,who was the forerunner of ll heroee forest scouts(使察员).bear hun红，and cowboys of later American nove出nd films 2.Transcendentalists超验主复者) In his book Nare,Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫-沃尔多·爱默生1803-l82 claimed that by studying and responding to nature individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal 1
The United States of America 1 Unit 7 American Literature (美国文学) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper (华盛顿·欧文和詹母士·费尼莫·库珀) 2. Transcendentalists (超验主义者) 3. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville (纳撒尼尔·霍桑和赫尔曼·梅尔维尔) 4. Walt Whitman (瓦尔特·惠特曼) 5. Mark Twain (马克·吐温) 6. Emily Dickinson (爱米莉·狄更生) 7. the naturalists(自然主义作家) 8. T.S. Eliot (托·斯·艾略特) 9. the “Lost Generation” (迷惘的一代) 10. William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳) 11. Harlem Renaissance(哈莱姆文艺复兴) 12. Eugene O’Neil (尤金·奥尼尔) 13. African-American writers (非洲裔美国作家) 14. women writers (女性作家) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. Writers of the post-Revolutionary period (had been embarrassed that America did not have much of a history) [美国革命(1775-1781)后的作家] (因为美国没有太多的历史记载，所以 这一时期使美国人感到很尴尬) 1) Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文) inventing a history: History of New York《纽约外史》(1809), Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》, The Alhambra《阿尔罕伯 拉》 (accounts of history 历史传奇故事集 in 1832),Tour on Prairies《草原漫游记》(1835) 2) James Fenimore Cooper (詹母士·费尼莫·库珀)：The Spy《间谍》(novel1821), Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子的故事集》including The Pioneers《拓荒者》(1823),The Last of Mohicans《最后的莫希 干人》(1826), The Prairie《大草原》(1827), The Pathfinder《探路人》(1840) and The Deerslayer《杀 鹿者》(1841) * In The Pioneers, he introduced the fabulous woodsman, Natty Bumppo, who was the forerunner of all heroic forest scouts (侦察员), bear hunter, and cowboys of later American novels and films 2. Transcendentalists (超验主义者) In his book Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生 1803-1882)claimed that by studying and responding to nature individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal
The United States of America gn(通过学习自然。与自然沟通，个人能够达到一个更高的精神境界，而不必借助正式的亲物 A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson They accepted Emerson's theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists Henry David Thores里（亨利大卫-搜罗1817.ls62)was Emerson'smost gifted fellow-thinkers.He was passionate about individuall's learning to think for themselves and being independent.He carried out this ideal by going to live by himself for two years in simple cabin beside a wooded pond named Walden He spent the two years in labor and solitary meditation He wrote about this experience in his book lr沃尔林中生語(I854) 3.Power of Imagination(忽象的力量 Some writers concentrated upon human imagination and emotion rather than the intellect.(有些f作家 专注于人类的想象力和情感面不是智力) 1)Edgar Allan Pos(埃德加-艾径-坡1809-l84%,a young Virginian,publishing p0 ems of musical language and extravagant imagery,which made him a worthy rival of the European Romantic pocts.In l835.he began writing bold original short stori线The Mas可e of Red Death《红死病的假面舞会》，T Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍尔厦的倒塌》 2 athanidl Hawthornc(纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864h.a)oung writ附in New England published a volume of stories Twice-Told Tales(重述的故事)inl837,His masterpiece wis a nowel The Scarler Le (published in 1850.Set in the Puritan past,this masterpiece is the stark drama of a woman harshly cast out from her community for committing the sin of adultery.In this novel,Hawthorne explored certain moral themes such as guilt,pride and emotional repression. Herman Mel业（特尔曼-悔尔维尔I819-189I)published Mo向Dd《白）.Moby Dick is the name of a big white whale.In this book.the author uses a story of a whaling voyage to explore profound themes such as fate,the nature of evil,and the individuall's struggle against the universe.This book is considered an American masterpiece The above 3 writers all struggled to find their individual voices,and through them American literature began to acquire its own personality. 4.Valt Whitman瓦尔特惠特曼181多-1892) He assert a truly American voice and in 1855.published a ground-breaking book Leomes of Grass( )which is a collection of poems Whitman used free-flowing structures and long irregur lines in his poetry.He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit.In one of the poems"Song of Myself”he dwelt on(详细讲述himself because he saw himself as a prototype(原型of"The American S.Reform and Liberation(改革与解放 New England inellectuals had a tradition of involvement in liberal reform(自由主义改革). 2
The United States of America 2 religion.(通过学习自然，与自然沟通，个人能够达到一个更高的精神境界，而不必借助正式的宗教). A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson. They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence. They are known as Transcendentalists. Henry David Thoreau (亨利·大卫·梭罗 1817-1862) was Emerson’s most gifted fellow-thinkers. He was passionate about individual’s learning to think for themselves and being independent. He carried out this ideal by going to live by himself for two years in simple cabin beside a wooded pond named Walden. He spent the two years in labor and solitary meditation. He wrote about this experience in his book Walden«沃尔登/林中生活»(1854) 3. Power of Imagination (想象的力量) Some writers concentrated upon human imagination and emotion rather than the intellect.(有些作家 专注于人类的想象力和情感而不是智力) 1) Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加·艾伦·坡 1809--1849), a young Virginian, publishing poems of musical language and extravagant imagery, which made him a worthy rival of the European Romantic poets. In 1835, he began writing bold, original short stories, The Masque of Red Death《红死病的假面舞会》, The Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍尔厦的倒塌》. 2) Nathaniel Hawthorne (纳撒尼尔·霍桑 1804-1864), a young writer in New England published a volume of stories Twice-Told Tales《重述的故事》in 1837. His masterpiece was a novel The Scarlet Letter 《红字》published in 1850. Set in the Puritan past, this masterpiece is the stark drama of a woman harshly cast out from her community for committing the sin of adultery. In this novel, Hawthorne explored certain moral themes such as guilt, pride and emotional repression. 3) Herman Melville (赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 1819-1891) published Moby Dick《白鲸》. Moby Dick is the name of a big white whale. In this book, the author uses a story of a whaling voyage to explore profound themes such as fate, the nature of evil, and the individual’s struggle against the universe. This book is considered an American masterpiece. *The above 3 writers all struggled to find their individual voices, and through them American literature began to acquire its own personality. 4. Walt Whitman (瓦尔特·惠特曼 1818-1892) He assert a truly American voice and in 1855, published a ground-breaking book Leaves of Grass 《草 叶集》, which is a collection of poems. Whitman used free-flowing structures and long irregular lines in his poetry. He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit. In one of the poems “Song of Myself” he dwelt on (详细讲述)himself because he saw himself as a prototype (原型)of “The American”. 5. Reform and Liberation (改革与解放) New England intellectuals had a tradition of involvement in liberal reform (自由主义改革)
The United States of America Harriet Beecher Stowe(阶里叶特-比彻·斯特18Il-l896)a New England womnan who in1852roe om'Cabin《汤朗权叔的小屋)，n antislavery novel that多vanized(刺徽，素)polrtical opinion across the nation.Sentimental and melodramatic as it was,it portrayed black slaves as sympathetic, suffering figures.and created an image of the cruel slaveowner in the character of Simon Legree. 有伤感和情节刷的特点，把黑人奴隶描绘成造受苦难的，值得同情的人物，并把西蒙拉瑞刻画成一 个残酷的复表主形象)】 6.Regionalism地方主文) As pioneers settled new territories in the West.writers now focused on the differences between the various regions of the United States rather than on a single vision of the expanding country 1)illiam Dean Hows(成底-致思·豪威尔斯I837-l920)4s0 ne of the mo以mportant leaders of regionslism”movement,,ho became the editor of the influential Atlantic magazine大西洋月fe (美国现实主义文学翼基人) 2)ark Twain(马克吐温pen rame of Samuel Clemens塞w尔·克莱门斯I835910)one of the greatest American writers and the first major American writer to be born away from the East Coast.His major work was7 e Advenrres of Huckleberry Fine哈克具利费思历段记*(I884 which has been called the greatest novel in American literature.His normal prose styl()sounded distinctively American-rich in metaphor,newly invented words and drading(拖长音的)rhythms although sometimes he used local dialect for comic effect滑精效果). (类国现实主义文学莫基人) 3)Emily Dickinson(爱米释-秋更生I830-l886,a woman poct admired by later gencrations,but barely known whale alive. 7,A new wave(新浪率) As the wounds of the Civil War slowly healed,mamy Americans became discomtented with the growing materialism(唯物主义)of socicty in the US.(随着美国内战的创伤逐渐痉意，许多美国人对美 国社会中日益侧胀的唯物主义感米越不满。) 1)lenry James(亨孙月年斯1843-l916句an American who lived in Europe,examined American socicty by observing the divergence between American and European culture in novels like The American nd Portrait可aad《女士的画像》，（他被视为心理现实主义的创始人之一） 2then城aralist自然主复作家)were novelists who concentrated upon the grim aspects of reality and a deterministic view of life(关注现实社会的阴暗面和宿命论).They were linked with Europea naturalists such as French novelist Zol).The most representative naturalists in American literature were Stephen Crane(断蒂芬~克莱恩).Theodore Dreise西奥多·德莱寒.and Jack London(态克~伦教 SI止n0o斯蒂芬-克莱思1871-1900 foggie.A Girl o你Ses《街头女年玛吉》(1893) Theodore Dreis凹西奥多：德莱唐187-l945)Sister Came《察判妹妹》in1900 Upton Sincl立（厄普模·辛克莱1878-19687rgk《塔场》 lack London杰克·伦收1876-1916Cag可k形M《野性的呼晚》
The United States of America 3 Harriet Beecher Stowe (哈里叶特·比彻·斯特 1811-1896), a New England woman who in 1852 wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》, an antislavery novel that galvanized (刺激，激励) political opinion across the nation. Sentimental and melodramatic as it was, it portrayed black slaves as sympathetic, suffering figures, and created an image of the cruel slaveowner in the character of Simon Legree. (该书具 有伤感和情节剧的特点，把黑人奴隶描绘成遭受苦难的，值得同情的人物，并把西蒙·拉瑞刻画成一 个残酷的奴隶主形象) 6. Regionalism (地方主义) As pioneers settled new territories in the West, writers now focused on the differences between the various regions of the United States rather than on a single vision of the expanding country. 1) William Dean Howells (威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯 1837-1920) was one of the most important leaders of “regionalism” movement, who became the editor of the influential Atlantic magazine «大西洋月刊» (美国现实主义文学奠基人) 2) Mark Twain (马克·吐温)(pen name of Samuel Clemens 塞缪尔·克莱门斯 1835-1910) one of the greatest American writers and the first major American writer to be born away from the East Coast. His major work was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn«哈克贝利·费恩历险记» (1884) which has been called the greatest novel in American literature. His normal prose style(文风) sounded distinctively American – rich in metaphor, newly invented words and drawling（拖长音的）rhythms although sometimes he used local dialect for comic effect(滑稽效果). (美国现实主义文学奠基人) 3) Emily Dickinson (爱米莉·狄更生 1830-1886), a woman poet admired by later generations, but barely known while alive. 7. A new wave (新浪潮) As the wounds of the Civil War slowly healed, many Americans became discontented with the growing materialism (唯物主义) of society in the U.S. (随着美国内战的创伤逐渐痊愈，许多美国人对美 国社会中日益膨胀的唯物主义越来越不满。) 1) Henry James (亨利·詹姆斯 1843-1916) an American who lived in Europe, examined American society by observing the divergence between American and European culture in novels like The American and Portrait of a Lady《女士的画像》。 （他被视为心理现实主义的创始人之一） 2) the naturalists(自然主义作家) were novelists who concentrated upon the grim aspects of reality and a deterministic view of life (关注现实社会的阴暗面和宿命论). They were linked with European naturalists such as French novelist Zola(左拉). The most representative naturalists in American literature were Stephen Crane(斯蒂芬·克莱恩), Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞), and Jack London(杰克·伦敦). Stephen Crane(斯蒂芬·克莱恩 1871-1900) Maggie, A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎玛吉》(1893) Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞 1871-1945) Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》in 1900 Upton Sinclair (厄普顿·辛克莱 1878－1968) The Jungle《屠场》 Jack London(杰克·伦敦 1876-1916) Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》
The United States of America Some explored the fate of the individual(有些深索个人的命运。) Henry James Edith Wharto四（伊迪丝华顿1862.l937)one of Henry James's close friends and literary followers One of her finest books is The House of Mirk《欢乐之家XI905).The Age f Inmocence(地真年代N1920 is another successful novel. &.Sympathetic Views(同情论) 2w0 men writers:Kate Chop血（凯特·肖邦1851一1904）he Awakening(觉解》 la Cather(威拉-机瑟1873一1947刀0Po《啊：拓荒者》 black writer:WE.B.Dubois(成爱-伯杜的伊斯I869l963)Souls of Black Folka黑人的灵魂 9,Rebellious Spirit(反叛精神 In the first decades of the 20 oentury,two major works of literature expressed the new attitude of rebellion against the limited life of the typical small American town. 1)Sherwood△nderson名伍德·安德森I876-l94l)published a book of short soriesmesrg o (银疾线州的瓦思斯堡》n1919 2)Sinclair Lewis(辛克莱路易斯18s5-l95I)published a novel M Smeer(大街im1920.GgAg Pruine《格弗草原》，Ba(巴比特》.Mmrm艾罗-史密斯》.de is the firs过American to be4adod the Nobel Prize for Literature.(in 1930) I0.The Modernis本（现代主义文肇 One important literary mowement of the tme w3s“Imagism气意象深).whose poets focused on strong. concrete images 1)Ezra Pound(埃弦-拉庞德1885-1972) 2)工&Eiat先新-艾略特1888一l965)published a long poem The Waste Land《元原)in1922 Using fragmented(不走续的aunting紫绕心头的)im号es and a derese structure of身mbols,it revealed a pessimistic vision of post-World War I society.With the publication of "The Waste Land".Eliot dominated the so-called "Modern"movement in poetry. 3勃EE.Cumming题（爱德华.埃斯特林-肯明斯1894-19%2，didn1 use rules of punctuation,spelling. and even he way words were placed on the page. 4)laeS1e匹（华莱士史蒂文斯18791955）：Poet 5)illiam Carlos Wi里5（威康·卡洛斯·威来斯18越3-1963pot Il.the“L0 st Generation”(速网的一代) In the aftermath(之后)of World War I,many novelists produced a literature of disillusionmem(幻灭 Some lived abroad.They were known as the"Lost Generation".The two most representative writers of the oot Genera减ion”were Hemingway and Fitzgerald I)ESco出Fm迪弗·可各特·菲兹杰拉德)The Great Gats《了不起的盖茨比》 2)nes Hemingwe厄内斯特·海明威1899.I961)The Sam Also Rises《太阳照样升起》 4
The United States of America 4 Some explored the fate of the individual.(有些探索个人的命运。) Henry James Edith Wharton (伊迪丝·华顿 1862-1937), one of Henry James’s close friends and literary followers. One of her finest books is The House of Mirth 《欢乐之家》(1905). The Age of Innocence《纯真年代》(1920) is another successful novel. 8. Sympathetic Views (同情论) 2 women writers: Kate Chopin (凯特·肖邦 1851－1904) The Awakening《觉醒》 Willa Cather (威拉·凯瑟 1873－1947) O Pioneers!《啊！拓荒者》 black writer: W.E.B. Dubois(威·爱·伯·杜伯伊斯 1869-1963) Souls of Black Folk«黑人的灵魂» 9. Rebellious Spirit (反叛精神) In the first decades of the 20th century, two major works of literature expressed the new attitude of rebellion against the limited life of the typical small American town. 1) Sherwood Anderson(舍伍德·安德森 1876-1941) published a book of short stories Winesburg, Ohio 《俄亥俄州的瓦恩斯堡》in 1919. 2) Sinclair Lewis (辛克莱·路易斯 1885－1951) published a novel Main Street《大街》in 1920. Gopher Prairie《格弗草原》，Babbit《巴比特》，Arrowsmith《艾罗·史密斯》. He is the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. (in 1930) 10. The Modernists (现代主义文学) One important literary movement of the time was “Imagism”(意象派), whose poets focused on strong, concrete images. 1) Ezra Pound (埃兹·拉庞德 1885-1972) 2) T.S. Eliot(托·斯·艾略特 1888－1965) published a long poem The Waste Land《荒原》in 1922. Using fragmented(不连续的), haunting(萦绕心头的) images and a dense structure of symbols, it revealed a pessimistic vision of post-World War I society. With the publication of “The Waste Land”, Eliot dominated the so-called “Modern” movement in poetry. 3) E.E. Cummings (爱德华·埃斯特林·肯明斯 1894-1962), didn’t use rules of punctuation, spelling, and even he way words were placed on the page. 4) Wallace Stevens (华莱士·史蒂文斯 1879—1955)：poet 5) William Carlos Williams (威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯 1883-1963): poet 11. the “Lost Generation” (迷惘的一代) In the aftermath (之后) of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment(幻灭). Some lived abroad. They were known as the “Lost Generation”. The two most representative writers of the “Lost Generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald. 1) F. Scott Fitzgerald(弗·司各特·菲兹杰拉德) The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》 2) Ernest Hemingway(厄内斯特·海明威 1899-1961) The Sun Also Rises《太阳照样升起》
The United States of America (1926).which is the representative of the0 Generation”.A Farwell to Arm《水8别了，武器》(1929)： For Whom the Bell Toils(I9o)《丧钟为谁而鸣).le won the Nobel Prize and is comsidered one of the greatest American writers 3 William Faulkeer底康福克钠1s97-l962)Some of his bes过ovels are The Sound and the F (喧年与骚动》(1929 and Lig加md螺《八月之光》(192).He won a Nobel Prize I2.Harlem Renaissance哈莱婚文艺复兴) The 1920s saw the rise of an artistic black community centered in Harlem.a black neighborhood in New York City.Magazines and newspapers dedicated to the black writing sprang up in Harlem.Black poets (黑人诗人)ch as Langston Hug色（兰斯通-休斯1902-967）and Coumte区Cu如[康提-卡伦1903-1946) wrote about what it meant to be black.The Harlem Renaissance gae African-American culture prominence and an impetus to grow I3.New Drama(新周) I)Eugene O'Neil优金-奥尼尔1888-l953)borrowed ideas from European playwrights.He used symbolism,adapted stories from classical mythology(神话)and the Bible and drew upon(利用the new cience of p吗chology to explore h地character's inner lives.Desire Under the Elmus《偷树下的欲望》 (I924),Mowwing Becomes Elec四《悲掉》(I931,The loeman Cometh《卖冰的人来了》(l94,【ang D李lourney into Nigh《长夜漫漫路通超》(I9S6)He won a No立Pi医inI96 for literature. I4.Depressi0L,Realism and Escapism(大萧条时期的现实主义和进道主义) I)John Steinbeck约帕-斯坦贝克I902.l968 is a great writer during the Great Depression.Hil99 masterpiece is The Grapes时ah《愤钙的篱萄) 2)Margaret Mitchell(马格丽铃·米量尔Gome with the Wind isa1936be-sel世bout Civil W缸 3)oseph Hells虹（的瑟夫-海粉）Cah-22《第22条军规) I5.Post-World War II voices and the“Beat Generation'”(二战后的声音和“跨掉的一 代) 1)Black writers Richard Wrig址（理查德-载特I90g一l960)published a novel Natre Son《土生子》inl940 Ralph Ellison拉尔夫埃利森1914一1994mmwb《看不到的人》(1952) lames Baldwin(德母斯-轴德温1924一1987）nowel Go Tell it on the Moumtain《向苍天呼吁》 (1953),ssay The Fir Nex Time《下一次将是烈火》 2)Jewish writers Sa叫Bo型（索尔·贝娄1915）e4hwg4ger动《奥吉·玛琪历险记》1953 c Bashev色Singer艾萨克巴什推斯辛格1904) Both of them won the Nobel Prize for literature 3)playwright 【esse Williams日纳西-戴廉斯1911一1983) The Glass Memagerie《玫璃动物园》(1945) 5
The United States of America 5 (1926),which is the representative of the “Lost Generation” . A Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》(1929)， For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)《丧钟为谁而鸣》. He won the Nobel Prize and is considered one of the greatest American writers. 3) William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳 1897-1962). Some of his best novels are The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》(1929)and Light in August《八月之光》(1932). He won a Nobel Prize. 12. Harlem Renaissance (哈莱姆文艺复兴) The 1920s saw the rise of an artistic black community centered in Harlem, a black neighborhood in New York City. Magazines and newspapers dedicated to the black writing sprang up in Harlem. Black poets (黑人诗人) such as Langston Hughs (兰斯通·休斯1902-1967) and Countee Cullen (康提‧卡伦1903-1946) wrote about what it meant to be black. The Harlem Renaissance gave African-American culture prominence and an impetus to grow. 13. New Drama (新剧) 1) Eugene O’Neil (尤金·奥尼尔 1888-1953) borrowed ideas from European playwrights. He used symbolism, adapted stories from classical mythology(神话) and the Bible and drew upon (利用)the new science of psychology to explore his character’s inner lives. Desire Under the Elms 《榆树下的欲望》 (1924)，Mourning Becomes Electra《悲悼》(1931), The Iceman Cometh《卖冰的人来了》(1946)，Long Day’s Journey into Night《长夜漫漫路迢迢》(1956) He won a Nobel Prize in 1936 for literature. 14. Depression, Realism and Escapism (大萧条时期的现实主义和逃避主义) 1) John Steinbeck(约翰·斯坦贝克 1902-1968) is a great writer during the Great Depression. His 1939 masterpiece is The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》 2) Margaret Mitchell (玛格丽特·米歇尔) Gone with the Wind is a 1936 best-seller about Civil War. 3) Joseph Heller (约瑟夫·海勒) Catch-22《第 22 条军规》 15. Post-World War II voices and the “Beat Generation”（二战后的声音和“跨掉的一 代”） 1) Black writers Richard Wright (理查德·赖特 1908－1960) published a novel Native Son《土生子》in 1940. Ralph Ellison(拉尔夫·埃利森 1914－1994) Invisible Man《看不到的人》(1952) James Baldwin(詹母斯·鲍德温 1924－1987) novel Go Tell It on the Mountain《向苍天呼吁》 (1953)，essay The Fire Next Time《下一次将是烈火》 2) Jewish writers Saul Bellow(索尔·贝娄 1915- ) The Adventures of Augie March《奥吉·玛琪历险记》1953 Isaac Bashevis Singer(艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格 1904- ) Both of them won the Nobel Prize for literature 3) playwright Tennessee Williams(田纳西·威廉斯 1911－1983) The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》(1945)
The United States of America The "Beat Generation"was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s hased in San Francisco. The name refemred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music.to their sense that society was worn out to the interest in new forms of experience,through drugs,alcohol or Eastern mysticism.Alan Ginsburg's( 论-金斯堡)Howl《嚎叫》set for them a tone of social protes 16.New American Voices The feminist movement of 1960s and 1970s fueled creative cnergies for many women writers.(20 纪60年代和0年代的女性主文运动激发了许多女性作家的创作活力：) 1)Tini Morrison(托妮-莫里森193-h.a地ack woman wrte.a professor at作inceton University.. whose Somg时Sofowon《所罗门之r》(19T7 and Beloved《克儿》(I987 re considered her best works She won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993.the first African-American writer to receive this honor. 2)lice Walker(艾丽丝~沃克1944-hahc些woman writer,e Color Purple《紫色》in1982 3)Maxine Hong Kingson(海势9)a Chinese~American,The Woman Warrior(女勇士》inl975nd Cw四kn《中国佬》in1980 4AmvI谭思美.a Chinese-American The Joy Lnck Clab《喜福会》inI989
The United States of America 6 The “Beat Generation” was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s based in San Francisco. The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their sense that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism. Alan Ginsburg’s (艾 伦·金斯堡)Howl《嚎叫》set for them a tone of social protest. 16. New American Voices The feminist movement of 1960s and 1970s fueled creative energies for many women writers. (20 世 纪 60 年代和 70 年代的女性主义运动激发了许多女性作家的创作活力。) 1) Toni Morrison(托妮·莫里森 1931--), a black woman writer, a professor at Princeton University, whose Song of Solomon《所罗门之歌》(1977) and Beloved《宠儿》(1987) are considered her best works. She won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993, the first African-American writer to receive this honor. 2) Alice Walker (艾丽丝·沃克 1944--), a black woman writer, The Color Purple《紫色》 in 1982 3) Maxine Hong Kingston(汤婷婷) a Chinese-American, The Woman Warrior 《女勇士》in 1975 and China Men 《中国佬》in 1980. 4) Amy Tan(谭恩美), a Chinese-American The Joy Luck Club《喜福会》in 1989