The Untied States of America Unit8 Education in the United States(美国的教育) 一、本单元重点内容 L.different education laws for different states(不同的州有不月的教育法) 2.everal levels of schooling and curricula for students(不同层次的学校教有和课程设置) 3.compulsory education for all children and equal education opportunities for minority groups 的孩子都能接受义务教育、少数团体享有平等受教育的机会) 4.trong demand for higher educntion(对高等教有的强益周求) 5.the complex system of higher education and varieties of colleges and umiversities(夏桑的高等教 有体制和各种不同的学院和大学) 6.trend山in degree programs(学位课程的发展趋势) 7.the Servicemen3 Readjustment Act/Gl Bill of Rights(军人重新安置法) 8 A币rmative action programs(肯定行动计 9.non-traditional students(重传统学生) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 L,different education laws for different states不同的州有不同的教育法 Each of the 50 states in the US has its own laws regulating education.From stale to state,some laws are similar,others are not. 2 several levels of schooling and curricula for students不同层次的学枚教育和课程设 置 1)Elementary Scheol(小学) In the United S1ms,elementary school usually means grades kinder家arten through8一K-&(通常是 从幼儿园到8年级)in some places,it includes only k-6.May'Americans refer to elementary gra或s s”grammar school'”(许多美国人称“小学”为grammar school)Elementary schools teach mathematics language,arts,social studies and some other subjects. 2)Secondary School(中学) nerally grades 9-12,popular少ycalled"high school广（基本相当于中国的初三到高三高中）： In mary districts,grades7-9 are called"jumior high school(初中)汽6-3-3制 Grades10.11and12 grades are called“enior high school'气10至12年级故称为“高中”) About%of American students attend public schools supported by American taxpayers.Religious instruction is not given in public schools. "The other 10%attend private schools for which their families choose to pay special attendance.8 private schools in the U.S.are run by churches,s分nagogues犹太教教常)or other religious groups 1
The Untied States of America 1 Unit 8 Education in the United States (美国的教育) 一、本单元重点内容 1. different education laws for different states (不同的州有不同的教育法) 2. several levels of schooling and curricula for students (不同层次的学校教育和课程设置) 3. compulsory education for all children and equal education opportunities for minority groups (所有 的孩子都能接受义务教育, 少数团体享有平等受教育的机会) 4. strong demand for higher education (对高等教育的强烈需求) 5. the complex system of higher education and varieties of colleges and universities (复杂的高等教 育体制和各种不同的学院和大学) 6. trends in degree programs (学位课程的发展趋势) 7. the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act / GI Bill of Rights (军人重新安置法) 8. Affirmative action programs (肯定行动计划) 9. non-traditional students (非传统学生) 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. different education laws for different states (不同的州有不同的教育法) Each of the 50 states in the US has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not. 2. several levels of schooling and curricula for students (不同层次的学校教育和课程设 置) 1) Elementary School (小学) In the United States, elementary school usually means grades kindergarten through 8 --- K-8 (通常是 从幼儿园到 8 年级). But in some places, it includes only k-6. Many Americans refer to elementary grades as “grammar school” (许多美国人称“小学”为 grammar school). Elementary schools teach mathematics, language, arts, social studies and some other subjects. 2) Secondary School (中学) generally grades 9-12, popularly called “high school” (基本相当于中国的初三到高三, 高中)； In many districts, grades7-9 are called “junior high school(初中)”(6-3-3 制)； Grades 10th, 11th and 12th grades are called “senior high school”(10 至 12 年级被称为“高中”) *About 90% of American students attend public schools supported by American taxpayers. Religious instruction is not given in public schools. *The other 10% attend private schools, for which their families choose to pay special attendance. 80% private schools in the U.S. are run by churches, synagogues(犹太教教堂) or other religious groups
The Untied States of America Religious teachings are a part of the curriculum. hoards of education (refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state or district level.They also make decisions about the school curriculum,teacher standards and certification and overall measurement of student progress 3)Higher Education 3.compulsory education for all children and equal education opportunities for mi加ai的gr0ups(所有的孩子都能楼受义务教育，少数团体享有平等受教育的机会) All states require young people to go to school.Thus every child in America is guaranteed up to 1 years of education The nge limits vary:32 states require attendance to age 16;8 to 18;ete 4.strong demand for higher education(对高等教膏的强烈需求) Every year more than 3 million students graduate from secondary schools,only about I million students go on for higher education. A college at a leading university might receive applications from2%of the high school graduates and then accep到only one out of every1 en who apply..(一流大学的学院也许会收到应届高中毕业生中2%学 生的中请，而只能从中录取%》 Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of (1)their high school records (高中的成镜单)(2)recommen山tions from their teachers(老师的推(3)8 t good scores(取得好成绩 in the Scholastic Aptitude Test(SA还学习能力倾向测试一指根据美国大学入学考试委员会编的试愿进 行的高等学校入学前的预测性测验)(4 make good impressions during the interviews 5.the complex system of higher education and varieties of colleges and universities (复杂的高等教育体制和各种不同的学院和大学 It refers to American education on the college level.It includes 4 categories of institutions.They are (Ithe university,(2 the four-ear undergraduate ins过titution (the college)(四年制本科学院h.(3he ec中nical training institution(技术培训学院)and(4 the two-year or community college(两年制社区学 )Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds.Many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education.The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory.A few other institutions provide only adequate education *Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income:studers intuition(学生学贵 endowments(辋赠gifts made by'wealthy benefactors慈善家)and government funding(政府货助 Harvard,Princeton and Yale Universities get very large endowments,more than 1000 million dollars each Factors contributing to the flourishing of large universitics in America ---Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research arge universities provide students with"mainframe气大型机，主机)computer. --Large universities attract students with modem laboratories "There is no national curriculum in the U.S. 2
The Untied States of America 2 Religious teachings are a part of the curriculum. boards of education (校董会) refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification and overall measurement of student progress. 3) Higher Education 3. compulsory education for all children and equal education opportunities for minority groups (所有的孩子都能接受义务教育, 少数团体享有平等受教育的机会) All states require young people to go to school. Thus every child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of education. The age limits vary: 32 states require attendance to age 16; 8 to 18; etc. 4. strong demand for higher education (对高等教育的强烈需求) Every year more than 3 million students graduate from secondary schools, only about 1 million students go on for higher education. A college at a leading university might receive applications from 2% of the high school graduates, and then accept only one out of every ten who apply. (一流大学的学院也许会收到应届高中毕业生中 2%学 生的申请，而只能从中录取 10%.) Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of: (1) their high school records (高中的成绩单) (2) recommendations from their teachers (老师的推荐) (3)get good scores (取得好成绩) in the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SATs 学习能力倾向测试---指根据美国大学入学考试委员会编的试题进 行的高等学校入学前的预测性测验) (4)make good impressions during the interviews 5. the complex system of higher education and varieties of colleges and universities (复杂的高等教育体制和各种不同的学院和大学) It refers to American education on the college level. It includes 4 categories of institutions. They are (1)the university, (2)the four-year undergraduate institution (the college)(四年制本科学院), (3)the technical training institution(技术培训学院) and (4) the two-year or community college（两年制社区学 院）. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds. Many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education. The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfactory. A few other institutions provide only adequate education. *Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: student intuition (学生学费), endowments (捐赠 gifts made by wealthy benefactors 慈善家) and government funding (政府资助). Harvard, Princeton and Yale Universities get very large endowments, more than 1000 million dollars each. *Factors contributing to the flourishing of large universities in America: ---Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research. ---Large universities provide students with “mainframe”(大型机，主机) computer. ---Large universities attract students with modern laboratories. *There is no national curriculum in the U.S
The Untied States of America About 25%of all schools of higher education in America are privately operated by religious organization .The State university on New York had more than 60 campuses in different parts of the state 6,tren小in degree pro吧rams(学位课程的发展勉势) The undergraduste student gets a bachelor's degree afer carning a certain number of credits (120)in four years of college.The other two higher degrees are master's degree and doctor's degree. During the 1970s and 1980s,there was a trend away from the traditioral liberal arts Many students were choosing major fields that would prepare them for specific jobs But some observers believe this trend toward pre-rofessionalism(载业前就撑握期熟技能)will be ending and that students are switching bock to tradi属ional areas of study。 7.the Servicemen's Readjustment Act/GI Bill of Rights(军人重新安置法) It was passed in 1944.It was soon popularly called the"Gl Ball of Rights"Gl was a nickname for the American soldier.The nickname came from the ahbreviation for"Govermment Issue"...the uriforms and other article"issuedto a soldier.The Act promised financial aid for higher education to members of the armed forces. &.Affirmative action pre0 grams(骨定行动计 They were first advocated by some colleges in the 1960s The purpose of the program was to equalize educational opportunities for all groups and to make up for past inequality by giving special reference to members of minorities secking jobs or admission to college. 9,non-traditional students(非传绕学生) students who have worked for several years before starting college or students who go to school part-time holing down ajob.They are usually 25 years of age or older. 3
The Untied States of America 3 *About 25% of all schools of higher education in America are privately operated by religious organization. * The State university on New York had more than 60 campuses in different parts of the state. 6. trends in degree programs (学位课程的发展趋势) The undergraduate student gets a bachelor’s degree after earning a certain number of credits (120) in four years of college. The other two higher degrees are master’s degree and doctor’s degree. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was a trend away from the traditional liberal arts. Many students were choosing major fields that would prepare them for specific jobs. But some observers believe this trend toward pre-professionalism (就业前就掌握娴熟技能) will be ending and that students are switching back to traditional areas of study. 7. the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act / GI Bill of Rights (军人重新安置法) It was passed in 1944. It was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights”. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickname came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”--- the uniforms and other article “issued” to a soldier. The Act promised financial aid for higher education to members of the armed forces. 8. Affirmative action programs (肯定行动计划) They were first advocated by some colleges in the 1960s. The purpose of the program was to equalize educational opportunities for all groups and to make up for past inequality by giving special reference to members of minorities seeking jobs or admission to college. 9. non-traditional students (非传统学生) students who have worked for several years before starting college or students who go to school part-time holing down a job. They are usually 25 years of age or older