Unit8 British Foreign Relations(英国的外交关系) 一、本单元重点内容 1.Active in setting up the United Nations(积极推进联合国的成立) 2.Foreign policy influenced by its history and geopolitical traits (受其历史和地缘或治影响的外交政策) 3.Lang-term p向sicl买paration from the European con碱inent(长期与设洲大陆隔绝) 4 The involvement of the Foreign and Common wealth Office(英国外交与联邦事务部的参与) 5.The Treasury(财政部 6.The permanent member of the UN Security Council(英国)是联合国常任理事国之一】 7.The member of the European Unicn(欧里成员国之一） &The member of the Commonwealth(英联邦的成员国) 9.The special relationship with the United Staes(与美国的特蛛关系) I0.The presence of superpower bases in Britain(在英国存在超领大国的军事基地) 11.Its participation in NATO [积极参与北钓（北大西洋公的组织的活动 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1.the British empire and its end The Britain used to rule 13 of the globe and thus became a great empire in the world After the WWll, the British empire began to decline as more and more former colonies declared their political independence. Throughout the next few decades,the process of decolonization continued,though sometimes the process was full of violence.The end of the geat British empire was inevitable.Today the age of British imperialism is gone.But the British foreign policy is still indluenced by Britain's imperial past.And because it had a strong military power and prestige,it had a big influence on the postwar internioal order (Some former colonies-Australia and Caradastill looked to Britain as the center of their political and cultural韩orld. 2.the foundations of British foreign policy The contemporary foreign poliey of the UK is greatly influenced by its impera history and also by its mpolitie1iais地缘政治特点)1)As Britain lost its empire s0 ecently.British policy-mkes frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs 2)Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its externa iffairs is geopolitical.As Britain is an island,it has created a semse of isolation in its suhjects,which results in Britain's schizophrenic(精神分裂的，反复无常 attitude to Europe (But Britain's physical isolation has long been reduced by the development of airlines and more recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel,which links Britain to continental Europe)
1 Unit 8 British Foreign Relations (英国的外交关系) 一、本单元重点内容 1. Active in setting up the United Nations (积极推进联合国的成立) 2. Foreign policy influenced by its history and geopolitical traits (受其历史和地缘政治影响的外交政策) 3. Long-term physical separation from the European continent (长期与欧洲大陆隔绝) 4. The involvement of the Foreign and Common wealth Office (英国外交与联邦事务部的参与) 5. The Treasury (财政部) 6. The permanent member of the UN Security Council [(英国)是联合国常任理事国之一] 7. The member of the European Union (欧盟成员国之一) 8. The member of the Commonwealth (英联邦的成员国) 9. The special relationship with the United States (与美国的特殊关系) 10. The presence of superpower bases in Britain （在英国存在超级大国的军事基地） 11. Its participation in NATO [积极参与北约(北大西洋公约组织)的活动] 二、本单元重、难点辅导 1. the British empire and its end The Britain used to rule 1/3 of the globe and thus became a great empire in the world. After the WWII, the British empire began to decline as more and more former colonies declared their political independence. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonization continued, though sometimes the process was full of violence. The end of the great British empire was inevitable. Today the age of British imperialism is gone. But the British foreign policy is still influenced by Britain’s imperial past. And because it had a strong military power and prestige, it had a big influence on the postwar international order. (*Some former colonies—Australia and Canada— still looked to Britain as the center of their political and cultural world.) 2. the foundations of British foreign policy The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits(地缘政治特点). 1）As Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. 2）Another decisive influence upon the way Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical. As Britain is an island, it has created a sense of isolation in its subjects, which results in Britain’s schizophrenic(精神分裂的，反复无常 的) attitude to Europe. (But Britain’s physical isolation has long been reduced by the development of airlines and more recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel, which links Britain to continental Europe)
当代英国的外交政策很大程度上受其帝国主义历史和地峰政治特点的影响。由于英国失去其帝权的 时间还不长，英国的决策者们经常会忘记英国在世界事务中己经不如从前那样有影响力了这一事实， 影响英国处理外事的的另一决定性因素是其地蜂政治特点。英国岛国的地理位置使那里的居民产生 了一种心理上的孤鞋感这导致英国对于欧洲的态度反复无常，（但是这个问题由于飞机的发明和联 系英国与以洲大陆的海底残道的开通而得到缓解。) 3.the making of Britain's foreign policy The general direction of Britain's foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prie Miniser and Cabinet The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO英国联邦与国际事务部，the main government department,plays a significant role in the making of Britain's foreign policy.Many other government ministries such as the Ministry or Defence and the Department of Trade and Industry also play a part in formulating and carrying out the governmemt's decisions.But an extremely influential player in Britain's foreign policy is the Treary The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year *Britain is parliamentary democracy.the government's foreign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate 4.Britain's relationship with international institutions )one of the 5 p?rmanent members of the UN Security Council(联合民安理会第任理事国)一 Russia China,the US,France and the UK 2)its membership in the European Union (Britain joined the Europecan Economic Community in 1973.which has been called European Union since 1993.Brtain's participation in the EU remains controwersial.At the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become.The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.Britain likes to regard the EU as place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible.But Britain ha always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.) 3)involvement in NATO (The North Atlantie Treaty Organization was set up in 1949.The author believes that the purpose of NATO is to proteet member states against aggression,to provide a foundation for security in Europe,and to provide a forum for transalantie defemse cooperaion) 4)a member of the Commonwealth,a volurary association of states which is made up of mostly of former British colonies.It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth including developing countries such as India and Cyprus and advanced industrial countries such as Australia Canada and New Zealand. 5.its relationship with the US The British foreign policy is also mffected by its relationship with the United States During World War II,the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years
2 当代英国的外交政策很大程度上受其帝国主义历史和地缘政治特点的影响。由于英国失去其帝权的 时间还不长，英国的决策者们经常会忘记英国在世界事务中已经不如从前那样有影响力了这一事实。 影响英国处理外事的的另一决定性因素是其地缘政治特点。英国岛国的地理位置使那里的居民产生 了一种心理上的孤独感,这导致英国对于欧洲的态度反复无常。（但是这个问题由于飞机的发明和联 系英国与欧洲大陆的海底隧道的开通而得到缓解。） 3. the making of Britain’s foreign policy The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)( 英国联邦与国际事务部), the main government department, plays a significant role in the making of Britain’s foreign policy. Many other government ministries such as the Ministry of Defence and the Department of Trade and Industry also play a part in formulating and carrying out the government’s decisions. But an extremely influential player in Britain’s foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year. * Britain is parliamentary democracy, the government’s foreign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate. 4. Britain’s relationship with international institutions 1) one of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council (联合国安理会常任理事国) — Russia, China, the US, France and the UK 2) its membership in the European Union (Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which has been called European Union since 1993. Britain’s participation in the EU remains controversial. At the center of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear about what the EU is and what it will become. The UK has always been interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area. Britain likes to regard the EU as place where economic cooperation is possible and where a flow of trained personnel and goods are possible. But Britain ha always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.) 3) involvement in NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in 1949. The author believes that the purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation for security in Europe, and to provide a forum for transatlantic defense cooperation.) 4) a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states which is made up of mostly of former British colonies. It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth including developing countries such as India and Cyprus and advanced industrial countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. 5. its relationship with the US The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years
because they had mamy things in common about the past and the world situation.Even today.British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in mamy respects.However,Britain's"special relationship" with the US has gone through many ups and down.(eg the Suez Crisis during 1956 P125,Do.41)The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actions can be limited by the US.But both sides have worked hard to maintain the "special relationship" As an outpost of an American-controlled military bloc,Britain hosts a large American military presence as well as the NATO nuclear deterrent. 6.British Security and Defence Policy 1)Britain spends more money on defence than most other developed nations and it is the 3 largest spender in the world and is ranked or 6 in terms of its millitary power. 2)Britain is a member of nuclear "club",maintaining an extensive nuckear capability which makes it a little brother to the nuclear superpowers 3)Britain was proud to be imvited to lead the newly established Rapid Reaction Co色快速反应都 )the RRC is a land-based force recently established by the NATO.The purpose of the establishment of this force is to provide a nearly military resporse to a crisis Britain is the lead nation of the RRC,which beeame fully operational in 1995. 4)Since Britain is a traditional sca power,it's not surprising that Britain has 3 or 4 nuclear-armed submarincs
3 because they had many things in common about the past and the world situation. Even today,. British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many respects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the US has gone through many ups and down.(e.g. the Suez Crisis during 1956 P125, no.41) The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actions can be limited by the US. But both sides have worked hard to maintain the “special relationship” * As an outpost of an American-controlled military bloc, Britain hosts a large American military presence as well as the NATO nuclear deterrent. 6. British Security and Defence Policy 1) Britain spends more money on defence than most other developed nations and it is the 3rd largest spender in the world and is ranked 5th or 6th in terms of its military power. 2) Britain is a member of nuclear “club”, maintaining an extensive nuclear capability which makes it a little brother to the nuclear superpowers 3) Britain was proud to be invited to lead the newly established Rapid Reaction Corps (快速反应部 队): the RRC is a land-based force recently established by the NATO. The purpose of the establishment of this force is to provide a nearly military response to a crisis. Britain is the lead nation of the RRC, which became fully operational in 1995. 4) Since Britain is a traditional sea power, it’s not surprising that Britain has 3 or 4 nuclear-armed submarines