目录 如何定位汉语语法化的“特色 语言教学与研究 首届语言教学与研究青年英才奖获奖论文 初中级日韩学习者汉语文本可读性公式研究…………王蕾15 意愿情态动词的意愿等级 高亮2 汉语构式二语习得研究的理论思考 施春宏邱莹蔡淑美34 汉语运动事件表达偏误的类型学考察 鹿士义高洁何美芳49 叙事语篇的衔接与视角表达 以“单说、但见”为例… ………方梅59 2017年第5期 (总第187期) 语气词“呢”的功能及来源再议 任鹰70 主编 “长短”“齐整”特征制约下的汉语动词的语体等级 王永娜81 施春宏 求免义目的小句的句法语义分析 尹洪波93 编辑部主任 李先银 调位感知界限再探 编辑 高晓虹王正刚普通话阴平和去声的感知实验…刘娟10 特约编辑 郝美玲陈默“一带一路”语言资源与智能国际学术研讨会在北京举行 英文审订 …封二、封
语 言 教 学 与 研 究 2017年第5期 (总第187期) 主 编 施春宏 编辑部主任 李先银 编 辑 高晓虹 王正刚 特约编辑 郝美玲 陈 默 英文审订 张 旭 目 录 如何定位汉语语法化的“特色” ………………………… 彭 睿 1 首届语言教学与研究青年英才奖获奖论文 初中级日韩学习者汉语文本可读性公式研究 ………… 王 蕾 15 意愿情态动词的意愿等级 ……………………………… 高 亮 26 汉语构式二语习得研究的理论思考 ……………………………………… 施春宏 邱 莹 蔡淑美 34 汉语运动事件表达偏误的类型学考察 ……………………………………… 鹿士义 高 洁 何美芳 49 叙事语篇的衔接与视角表达 ———以“单说、但见”为例 ……………………………… 方 梅 59 语气词“呢”的功能及来源再议 ………………………… 任 鹰 70 “长短”“齐整”特征制约下的汉语动词的语体等级 …… 王永娜 81 求免义目的小句的句法语义分析 ……………………… 尹洪波 93 调位感知界限再探 ———普通话阴平和去声的感知实验 ………………… 刘 娟 104 “一带一路”语言资源与智能国际学术研讨会在北京举行 …………………………………………………………… 封二、封三
LANGUAGE TEACHING and LINGUISTIC STUDIES No5 Sept 2017 Serial No 187) CONTENTS ow to understand the Individualities' of the grammaticalization Peng Rui 1 Research on Chinese Readability Formula of Texts for Elementary and Intermediate South Korean and Japanese Learners Wang lei 15 Volition Hierarchy of Volition Modal Verb Gao Liang 26 The Theoretical Thinking on Second Language Acquisition of Chinese Constructions Shi Chunhong, Qiu Ying and Cai Shumei 34 An Analysis on the Expressions and Errors of Motion Events in Mandarin Chinese: A Cognitive Typological Perspective Lu Shiyi, Gao Jie and He Meifang 49 Narrative Discourse Cohesion and Perspective Representation: A Case Study of Danshu and danjian Fang Mei 59 Revisiting the Function and Origin of Modal Particle Ne Ren Ying 70 Chinese verbs’ Stylistic Degree Under‘Long- Short feature’and Regular Feature ng Y onna a Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of the Avertive Purpose Clauses Mandarin Chinese Yin hongbo 93 Perceiving the boundary Between Mandarin Tone I and Tone 4 Liu Juan 104
LANGUAGETEACHING and LINGUISTICSTUDIES No.5 Sept 2017 (SerialNo.187) CONTENTS Howto Understandthe ‘Individualities’ofthe Grammaticalization inChinese? PengRui 1 Researchon Chinese Readability Formulaof TextsforElementary andIntermediateSouthKoreanandJapaneseLearners WangLei 15 VolitionHierarchyofVolitionModalVerbs GaoLiang 26 TheTheoreticalThinkingonSecondLanguageAcquisitionofChinese Constructions ShiChunhong,QiuYingandCaiShumei 34 An Analysisonthe Expressionsand Errorsof Motion Eventsin MandarinChinese:ACognitiveTypologicalPerspective LuShiyi,GaoJieandHeMeifang 49 NarrativeDiscourseCohesionandPerspectiveRepresentation:ACase StudyofDanshuoandDanjian FangMei 59 RevisitingtheFunctionandOriginofModalParticleNe RenYing 70 Chinese Verbs’Stylistic Degree Under ‘Long-ShortFeature’and ‘RegularFeature’ WangYongna 81 A SyntacticandSemanticAnalysisoftheAvertivePurposeClauses inMandarinChinese YinHongbo 93 PerceivingtheBoundaryBetweenMandarinTone1andTone4 LiuJuan 104
如何定位汉语语法化的“特色” 彭睿 提要语法化存在普遍性规律。讨论个别语言的语法化现象,必须准确定位该语言历时 形态勺法变化因类型学特征而呈现出来的特色。个别语言语法化的特色或个性的影响力往往 十分有限。文献中提到的上古汉语语法化的两种特色,即词类在句法层面的灵活性和对语用 推理的依赖性,都是值得商榷的。前者是上古汉语语法化的有标记的特征,而非通常性的原则 和手段;后者并不能定性为汉语语法化的特色,而是汉语的形态句法特色,是语法化的结果。 关键词语法化;特色;普遍规律;语用推理;前范畴性;隐性复杂性 How to Understand the Individualities of the Grammaticalization in Chinese Peng rui Abstract Universally applicable rules are identified in grammaticalization. It is impor tant to appropriately understand a particular language's typologically-related individualities with respect to grammaticalization. Studies show that the impact of the languages unique features of this sort on grammaticalization is limited. As has been claimed in the literature grammaticalization in the Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) has been affected by two typological properties, i.e., the relative freedom to assign different grammatical functions to a le (precategoriality) and the ease with which one and the same surface structure can be subject to different syntactic analyses (hidden complexity ) This is open to question. In terms of the grammaticalization in LAC, the precategoriality may be just a marked property but not a typical means. Hidden complexity is not among the properties of grammaticalization in Chi nese, but rather a property of Chinese morphosyntax, which has been developed via gram- maticalization diachronically Keywords grammaticalization; individuality; universality; pragmatic inference; precat goriality; hidden complexity (彭睿新加坡国立大学中文系)
如何定位汉语语法化的“特色” 彭 睿 提要 语法化存在普遍性规律。讨论个别语言的语法化现象,必须准确定位该语言历时 形态句法变化因类型学特征而呈现出来的特色。个别语言语法化的特色或个性的影响力往往 十分有限。文献中提到的上古汉语语法化的两种特色,即词类在句法层面的灵活性和对语用 推理的依赖性,都是值得商榷的。前者是上古汉语语法化的有标记的特征,而非通常性的原则 和手段;后者并不能定性为汉语语法化的特色,而是汉语的形态句法特色,是语法化的结果。 关键词 语法化;特色;普遍规律;语用推理;前范畴性;隐性复杂性 HowtoUnderstandthe‘Individualities’ofthe GrammaticalizationinChinese? PengRui Abstract Universallyapplicablerulesareidentifiedingrammaticalization.Itisimportanttoappropriatelyunderstandaparticularlanguage’stypologically-relatedindividualities withrespecttogrammaticalization.Studiesshowthattheimpactofthelanguage’sunique featuresofthissortongrammaticalizationislimited.Ashasbeenclaimedintheliterature, grammaticalizationintheLateArchaicChinese(LAC)hasbeenaffectedbytwotypological properties,i.e.,therelativefreedomtoassigndifferentgrammaticalfunctionstoalexical (precategoriality)andtheeasewithwhichoneandthesamesurfacestructurecanbesubject todifferentsyntacticanalyses(hiddencomplexity).Thisisopentoquestion.Intermsofthe grammaticalizationinLAC,theprecategorialitymaybejustamarkedproperty,butnota typicalmeans.HiddencomplexityisnotamongthepropertiesofgrammaticalizationinChinese,butratherapropertyofChinesemorphosyntax,whichhasbeendevelopedviagrammaticalizationdiachronically. Keywords grammaticalization;individuality;universality;pragmaticinference;precategoriality;hiddencomplexity (彭 睿 新加坡国立大学中文系) 1
初中级日韩学习者汉语文本可读性公式研究 王蕾 提要可读性公式是评价文本难易程度的公式,能较客观地评价阅读材料的难度水平。 对外汉语领域可读性公式研究比较缺乏。本文以初中级日韩学习者汉语记叙性短文的阅读理 解成绩为因变量,利用经典研究范式建立了一个衡量记叙性文本难易度的可读性公式:Y= 72.749-0.462X3+0.802X4-7.515X5+2.446X(Y=可读性分数,X3=总词数,X4=简单词 数,X=虚词数,X=分句数),该公式可解释80.3%的变异,拟合优度高于同类公式。总词 数、简单词数、虚词毅和分句数是汉语文本难易度的重要预测指标。本文同时构拟了一个简单 的可读性分数与适读水平对照表,供教学、研究参考 关键词可读性公式;文本难易度;日韩学习者;阅读;对外汉语 Research on Chinese readability Formula of Texts for Elementary and Intermediate South Korean and Japanese learners Abstract Readability formula is a formula assessing the difficulty of a text. Such studies in the field of teaching Chinese as a second language TCsl) are comparatively inadequate. In this study, we chose elementary and intermediate South Korean and Japanese learners as subjects, take their results on the cloze tests of narrative text as dependent variable and build a new readability formula: Y=72.749-0462X3+0.802X4-7515X5+2 446X7(Y=readability score, X,=total number of words, X,=number of simple words, Xs =number of function words, X,=number of sub-clause). It can explain 80.3% variance which is higher than other Chinese readability formulae ur varia bles in the formula are important predictors when assessing difficulty of Chinese L2 reading materials. This article also builds a tentative grade chart for researchers'reference Keywords readability formula; text difficulty: Japanese and South Korean learners; reading: TCSL (王蕾100083北京语言大学汉语速成学院/100871北京大学对外汉语教育学院)
初中级日韩学习者汉语文本可读性公式研究 王 蕾 提要 可读性公式是评价文本难易程度的公式,能较客观地评价阅读材料的难度水平。 对外汉语领域可读性公式研究比较缺乏。本文以初中级日韩学习者汉语记叙性短文的阅读理 解成绩为因变量,利用经典研究范式建立了一个衡量记叙性文本难易度的可读性公式:Y= 72.749-0.462X3+0.802X4-7.515X5+2.446X7(Y=可读性分数,X3=总词数,X4=简单词 数,X5=虚词数,X7=分句数),该公式可解释80.3%的变异,拟合优度高于同类公式。总词 数、简单词数、虚词数和分句数是汉语文本难易度的重要预测指标。本文同时构拟了一个简单 的可读性分数与适读水平对照表,供教学、研究参考。 关键词 可读性公式;文本难易度;日韩学习者;阅读;对外汉语 ResearchonChineseReadabilityFormulaofTextsforElementary andIntermediateSouthKoreanandJapaneseLearners WangLei Abstract Readabilityformulaisaformulaassessingthedifficultyofatext.Such studiesinthefieldofteachingChineseasasecondlanguage (TCSL)arecomparatively inadequate.Inthisstudy,wechoseelementaryandintermediateSouthKoreanandJapanese learnersassubjects,taketheirresultsontheclozetestsofnarrativetextasdependent variableandbuildanewreadabilityformula:Y=72.749-0.462X3+0.802X4-7.515X5+2. 446X7(Y=readabilityscore,X3=totalnumberofwords,X4=numberofsimplewords,X5 =numberoffunctionwords,X7 =numberofsub-clause).Itcanexplain80.3% variance, whichishigherthanotherChinesereadabilityformulae.Thefourvariablesintheformula areimportantpredictors whenassessingdifficultyofChineseL2reading materials.This articlealsobuildsatentativegradechartforresearchers’reference. Keywords readabilityformula;textdifficulty;JapaneseandSouth Koreanlearners; reading;TCSL (王 蕾 100083 北京语言大学汉语速成学院/100871 北京大学对外汉语教育学院) 2
意愿情态动词的意愿等级 高亮 提要句法结构与语义结构之间具有象似性,二者的互动是语言硏究的重要课题。汉语 的意愿情态动词表达意愿这种情态范畴,并不是均质的,内部各成员的意愿等级存在差异,因 而在句法形式方面表现也就不同。汉语缺乏形态变化,观察用词汇手段标记的勺式特征以及 时间状语、否定副词、体标记、情态标记等外围成分所带来的句法效应成为汉语意愿等级与句 法互动关系研究的重要切入点。本文在控制力假设框架下,通过对上述标记与意愿情态动词 的共现关系测试,发现汉语意愿情态动词存在以下意愿等级:会>肯>要>愿意>希望>想 关键词意愿情态动词;意愿等级;控制力假设;情态层级 Volition Hierarchy of Volition Modal Verbs ng Abstract The interaction between semantics and syntax is one of the hot topics in the field of linguistics. The relationship between Volition Hierarchy and its syntactic behaviors of VM(Volition Modal verbs) gives a good example of this interaction. Since Chinese lacks in flection,we could make use of the particular syntactic structures, temporal adverbials, as pectual and modal markers which have peripheral syntactic effects to study this relationship Under the framework of Binding Force Hypothesis, we test the co-occurrence relationship be- tween these markers and vm and discover the volition hierarchy of vM in Chinese: hui> ken >yao >yuanyi >xiwang >xiang Keywords volition modal verb; volition hierarchy; Binding Force Hypothesis; scalar structure of modality (高亮100048首都师范大学文学院
意愿情态动词的意愿等级 高 亮 提要 句法结构与语义结构之间具有象似性,二者的互动是语言研究的重要课题。汉语 的意愿情态动词表达意愿这种情态范畴,并不是均质的,内部各成员的意愿等级存在差异,因 而在句法形式方面表现也就不同。汉语缺乏形态变化,观察用词汇手段标记的句式特征以及 时间状语、否定副词、体标记、情态标记等外围成分所带来的句法效应成为汉语意愿等级与句 法互动关系研究的重要切入点。本文在控制力假设框架下,通过对上述标记与意愿情态动词 的共现关系测试,发现汉语意愿情态动词存在以下意愿等级:会>肯>要>愿意>希望>想。 关键词 意愿情态动词;意愿等级;控制力假设;情态层级 VolitionHierarchyofVolitionModalVerbs GaoLiang Abstract Theinteractionbetweensemanticsandsyntaxisoneofthehottopicsinthe fieldoflinguistics.TherelationshipbetweenVolitionHierarchyanditssyntacticbehaviorsof VM (VolitionModalverbs)givesagoodexampleofthisinteraction.SinceChineselacksinflection,wecouldmakeuseoftheparticularsyntacticstructures,temporaladverbials,aspectualandmodalmarkerswhichhaveperipheralsyntacticeffectstostudythisrelationship. UndertheframeworkofBindingForceHypothesis,wetesttheco-occurrencerelationshipbetweenthesemarkersandVManddiscoverthevolitionhierarchyofVMinChinese:hui> ken>yao>yuanyi>xiwang>xiang. Keywords volition modalverb;volitionhierarchy;BindingForce Hypothesis;scalar structureofmodality (高 亮 100048 首都师范大学文学院) 3
汉语构式二语习得研究的理论思考 施春宏邱莹蔡淑美 提要本文立足于构式语法的基本观念和原则探讨汉语二语习得研究中的理论和方法问 題,主要从以下几个方面来说明:构式知识习得的表现系统及相关的构式能产性问题;构式意 识的形成和发展机制问题;构式习得中的界面互动关系问题;构式习得中的语言共性和类型特 征问题;构式习得研究的方法和方法论问题。文章最后指出,在构式语法理论体系中,构式本 体研究、习得研究和教学研究应有机结合,互动互进。 关键词二语习得;构式语法;构式知识;构式意识;界面互动;研究方法 The Theoretical Thinking on Second Language acquisition of Chinese Constructions Shi Chunhong, Qiu Ying and Cai Shumei Abstract Based on the fundamental ideas and principles of Construction Grammar, this article discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of second language acquisition in Chinese. It is mainly elaborated in the following aspects the representation system of con struction knowledge acquisition and its relevant productivity; the formation and development mechanism of constructional awareness; the interactive relationship among interfaces of struction acquisition; the linguistic universals and typological features of construction acqui- ition; the methods and methodologies of construction acquisition. Finally, this article pro- poses that the studies on construction ontology, acquisition and teaching should be organical ly integrated and interactive in the theoretical system of Construction grammar. Keywords second language acquisition: construction grammar; construction knowl edge; constructional awareness: interface interaction; research method (施春宏邱莹100083北京语言大学语言科学院) (蔡淑美361005厦门大学人文学院
汉语构式二语习得研究的理论思考 施春宏 邱 莹 蔡淑美 提要 本文立足于构式语法的基本观念和原则探讨汉语二语习得研究中的理论和方法问 题,主要从以下几个方面来说明:构式知识习得的表现系统及相关的构式能产性问题;构式意 识的形成和发展机制问题;构式习得中的界面互动关系问题;构式习得中的语言共性和类型特 征问题;构式习得研究的方法和方法论问题。文章最后指出,在构式语法理论体系中,构式本 体研究、习得研究和教学研究应有机结合,互动互进。 关键词 二语习得;构式语法;构式知识;构式意识;界面互动;研究方法 TheTheoreticalThinkingonSecondLanguageAcquisitionof ChineseConstructions ShiChunhong,QiuYingandCaiShumei Abstract BasedonthefundamentalideasandprinciplesofConstructionGrammar,this articlediscussesthetheoreticalandmethodologicalissuesofsecondlanguageacquisitionin Chinese.Itismainlyelaboratedinthefollowingaspects:therepresentationsystemofconstructionknowledgeacquisitionanditsrelevantproductivity;theformationanddevelopment mechanismofconstructionalawareness;theinteractiverelationshipamonginterfacesofconstructionacquisition;thelinguisticuniversalsandtypologicalfeaturesofconstructionacquisition;themethodsandmethodologiesofconstructionacquisition.Finally,thisarticleproposesthatthestudiesonconstructionontology,acquisitionandteachingshouldbeorganicallyintegratedandinteractiveinthetheoreticalsystemofConstructionGrammar. Keywords secondlanguageacquisition;constructiongrammar;constructionknowledge;constructionalawareness;interfaceinteraction;researchmethod (施春宏 邱 莹 100083 北京语言大学语言科学院) (蔡淑美 361005 厦门大学人文学院) 4
汉语运动事件表达偏误的类型学考察 鹿士义高洁何美芳 提要本文从运动事件类型学入手,通过口头诱导实验的方式收集语料,对汉语运动事件 的表达及偏误进行类型学的研究。本文发现,汉语在运动事件的表达上,同时兼顾了运动的方 式和路径两个方面,对方式稍有侧重。不同语言类型的学习者使用运动动词和动词结构类型 的倾向不同。汉语学习者习得运动事件时会受到母语类型学特点的影响,母语的表达方式会 被带入到二语学习中去,从而产生系统性的偏误 关键词运动事件;类型学;二语习得;偏误 An Analysis on the Expressions and Errors of Motion Events in Mandarin Chinese: A Cognitive Typological Perspective u Shiyi, gao Jie and He meifang Abstract Based on the typology of motion events and the theory of construal, thi study gives a systemic description and analysis of the expressions of motion events in Mandarin Chinese, using linguistic data from both spontaneous and elicited oral speeches The results suggest that Chinese uses both manner and path to describe motion events, with a little more attention to the manner. The verb-direction complement haracteristic lexicalization pattern in Chinese. Mandarin learners whose Ll is a satellite- framed language or a verb-framed language show different tendencies when describing mo- tion events in Chinese. LI's typological features are transferred to descriptions of motion events in L2 and thus cause errors. Chinese has special features in motion event expressions and all learners will face a challenge regardless of their LI Keywords motion events: typology: second language acquisition; errors (鹿士义高洁100871北京大学对外汉语教育学院) (何美芳香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系)
汉语运动事件表达偏误的类型学考察 鹿士义 高 洁 何美芳 提要 本文从运动事件类型学入手,通过口头诱导实验的方式收集语料,对汉语运动事件 的表达及偏误进行类型学的研究。本文发现,汉语在运动事件的表达上,同时兼顾了运动的方 式和路径两个方面,对方式稍有侧重。不同语言类型的学习者使用运动动词和动词结构类型 的倾向不同。汉语学习者习得运动事件时会受到母语类型学特点的影响,母语的表达方式会 被带入到二语学习中去,从而产生系统性的偏误。 关键词 运动事件;类型学;二语习得;偏误 AnAnalysisontheExpressionsandErrorsofMotionEventsin MandarinChinese:ACognitiveTypologicalPerspective LuShiyi,GaoJieandHeMeifang Abstract Basedonthetypologyofmotioneventsandthetheoryofconstrual,this studygivesasystemicdescriptionandanalysisoftheexpressionsof motioneventsin MandarinChinese,usinglinguisticdatafrom bothspontaneousandelicitedoralspeeches. TheresultssuggestthatChineseusesbothmannerandpathtodescribemotionevents,with alittle more attention to the manner.The verb-direction complementis used as a characteristiclexicalizationpatterninChinese.MandarinlearnerswhoseL1isasatelliteframedlanguageoraverb-framedlanguageshowdifferenttendencieswhendescribing motioneventsinChinese.L1'stypologicalfeaturesaretransferredtodescriptionsofmotion eventsinL2andthuscauseerrors.Chinesehasspecialfeaturesinmotioneventexpressions, andalllearnerswillfaceachallengeregardlessoftheirL1. Keywords motionevents;typology;secondlanguageacquisition;errors (鹿士义 高 洁 100871 北京大学对外汉语教育学院) (何美芳 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系) 5
叙事语篇的衔接与视角表达 以“单说、但见”为例 方梅 提要本文基于民国初年的小说材料,以“单说”和“但见”为例,考察动词性来源的篇章衔 接成分的功能浮现条件。文章指出,从篇章功能看,虽然“单说”与“但见”都具有元话语属性, 显示情节之外的叙述者视角,但两者存在差异。其差异性表现为,“单说”是单纯的叙述者视角 表现形式,用作开启情节、或者建立篇章话题,属于框架标记。而“但见”未完全虚化,既可用于 体现情节内人物视角,也可用于体现“无所不知”的全知视角。用于情节内人物视角的“但见”, 虽然它所在的小句与“单说”小句一样不允许显性主语,但允许作零形主语解读,并与话题之间 具有同指关系。而全知视角的“但见”,它所在小句则不允许作零形主语解读;此时的“但见”用 作提示受述者关注其后叙述内容,使之具有前台信息的属性,“但见”属于参与标记。叙述者视 角与情节人物视角重叠是虛化为元话语成分的临界语境。汉语零形主语的句法促使低控制度 的主句动词(如“单说、但见”)弱化,成为篇章衔接成分 关键词叙事语篇;衔接;视角;元话语;零形主语 Narrative Discourse Cohesion and Perspective representation A Case Study of Danshuo and danjian Fang mei Abstract Based on fictions of early Republic of China, focusing on the cases of danshu (单说) and danjian(但见), this article investigates the functional conditions in which verbal discourse cohesion elements emerge. In terms of the discourse function, though both dan- shuo and danjian are metanarrative, both representing an omniscient perspective, they are different in many ways. danshu takes a purely narrator-oriented perspective, It used as a way of topic establish and story-line boundary marking. danjian is not wholly grammatical- ized and is employed to represent not only an intra-plot perspective of the character, but also anomniscient' super-narrator perspective. Clauses with danjian of the intra-plot perspec- ive, though like clauses with danshu, not allowing an overt subject, do allow a zero sub ect co-referential to the topic. Clauses with danjian of an omniscient perspective allows no nterpretation of zero subject; danjian here is used to draw the narratees attention as an en gagement marker. The overlapping between the narrator-oriented perspective and the intra- 6
叙事语篇的衔接与视角表达 ———以“单说、但见”为例 方 梅 提要 本文基于民国初年的小说材料,以“单说”和“但见”为例,考察动词性来源的篇章衔 接成分的功能浮现条件。文章指出,从篇章功能看,虽然“单说”与“但见”都具有元话语属性, 显示情节之外的叙述者视角,但两者存在差异。其差异性表现为,“单说”是单纯的叙述者视角 表现形式,用作开启情节、或者建立篇章话题,属于框架标记。而“但见”未完全虚化,既可用于 体现情节内人物视角,也可用于体现“无所不知”的全知视角。用于情节内人物视角的“但见”, 虽然它所在的小句与“单说”小句一样不允许显性主语,但允许作零形主语解读,并与话题之间 具有同指关系。而全知视角的“但见”,它所在小句则不允许作零形主语解读;此时的“但见”用 作提示受述者关注其后叙述内容,使之具有前台信息的属性,“但见”属于参与标记。叙述者视 角与情节人物视角重叠是虚化为元话语成分的临界语境。汉语零形主语的句法促使低控制度 的主句动词(如“单说、但见”)弱化,成为篇章衔接成分。 关键词 叙事语篇;衔接;视角;元话语;零形主语 NarrativeDiscourseCohesionandPerspectiveRepresentation: ACaseStudyofDanshuoandDanjian FangMei Abstract BasedonfictionsofearlyRepublicofChina,focusingonthecasesofdanshuo (单说)anddanjian(但见),thisarticleinvestigatesthefunctionalconditionsinwhichverbal discoursecohesionelementsemerge.Intermsofthediscoursefunction,thoughbothdanshuoanddanjianaremetanarrative,bothrepresentinganomniscientperspective,theyare differentinmanyways.danshuotakesapurelynarrator-orientedperspective,Itusedasa wayoftopicestablishandstory-lineboundarymarking.danjianisnotwhollygrammaticalizedandisemployedtorepresentnotonlyanintra-plotperspectiveofthecharacter,butalso an‘omniscient’super-narratorperspective.Clauseswithdanjianoftheintra-plotperspective,thoughlikeclauseswithdanshuo,notallowinganovertsubject,doallowazerosubjectco-referentialtothetopic.Clauseswithdanjianofanomniscientperspectiveallowsno interpretationofzerosubject;danjianhereisusedtodrawthenarratee’sattentionasanengagementmarker.Theoverlappingbetweenthenarrator-orientedperspectiveandtheintra- 6
plot perspective creates a hedgy situation for the emergent discourse cohesion element. The clause with syntax of zero subject evokes semantic blending of the main clause verb( such as danshu and danjian) and the change to the macrosyntactic conjunction Keywords narrative discourse; cohesion; perspective; metadiscourse: zero subject (方梅100732中国社会科学院语言研究所)
plotperspectivecreatesahedgysituationfortheemergentdiscoursecohesionelement.The clausewithsyntaxofzerosubjectevokessemanticblendingofthemainclauseverb(suchas danshuoanddanjian)andthechangetothemacrosyntacticconjunction. Keywords narrativediscourse;cohesion;perspective;metadiscourse;zerosubject (方 梅 100732 中国社会科学院语言研究所) 7
语气词“呢”的功能及来源再议 任鹰 提要人们通常认为,语气词“呢”有事态和情态两种用法,前者表“持续”,后者表“申明”, 后者是前者语法化的结果,而表“持续”的“呢”则是由方位词“里”(“裹”)虚化而来的。然而,对 呢”的用法与来源的考察告诉我们,“呢”(包括其曾用字)本质上或为记音字或称象声词,表示 确认及申明语气,提醒听话人注意某一事态为其基本功能。某些语境中的“呢”之所以能读出 持续义,主要是人的回溯推理能力在起作用。可以说,持续义是“呢”字句的语境浮现义,是 种语用衍推义。即便是“呢”在某些语句中的“持续义”已经不断得到强化乃至规约化,甚而可 被列为独立的义项,我们依然应当承认这是语用法语法化的结果 关键词“呢”;事态与情态;持续与申明;回溯推理;语用衍推义 Revisiting the function and origin of Modal particle Ne Ren y Abstract It is generally believed that the modal particle ne(%)has two usages, one re- lated to event, and the other to modality, the former expressing the meaning of ' continua tion’ and evolving from the locative word li(里), and the latter indicating‘ declaration’as the result of grammaticalization of the former. However, synchronic and diachronic studies show that ne (including its older forms) in essence is either a character of phonetic notation or an onomatopoeia. Its basic function is to call the hearer's attention, and to express confir mation and declaration. The reason that ne is considered to have a meaning of continuation is mainly attributed to people s abduction ability. In other words, the continuation meaning of ne emerges from the context, and is the result of pragmatic inference. Even though the meaning of continuation has been reinforced and standardized in some sentences, or has even been seen as an independent meaning of ne, it should still be recognized as the result of prag matic grammaticalization. Keywords ne(%E); event and modality continuation and declaration: abdur (任鹰日本神户市外国语大学中文系)
语气词“呢”的功能及来源再议 任 鹰 提要 人们通常认为,语气词“呢”有事态和情态两种用法,前者表“持续”,后者表“申明”, 后者是前者语法化的结果,而表“持续”的“呢”则是由方位词“里”(“裏”)虚化而来的。然而,对 “呢”的用法与来源的考察告诉我们,“呢”(包括其曾用字)本质上或为记音字或称象声词,表示 确认及申明语气,提醒听话人注意某一事态为其基本功能。某些语境中的“呢”之所以能读出 持续义,主要是人的回溯推理能力在起作用。可以说,持续义是“呢”字句的语境浮现义,是一 种语用衍推义。即便是“呢”在某些语句中的“持续义”已经不断得到强化乃至规约化,甚而可 被列为独立的义项,我们依然应当承认这是语用法语法化的结果。 关键词 “呢”;事态与情态;持续与申明;回溯推理;语用衍推义 RevisitingtheFunctionandOriginofModalParticleNe RenYing Abstract Itisgenerallybelievedthatthemodalparticlene(呢)hastwousages,onerelatedtoevent,andtheothertomodality,theformerexpressingthemeaningof‘continuation’andevolvingfromthelocativewordli(里),andthelatterindicating ‘declaration’as theresultofgrammaticalizationoftheformer.However,synchronicanddiachronicstudies showthatne (includingitsolderforms)inessenceiseitheracharacterofphoneticnotation oranonomatopoeia.Itsbasicfunctionistocallthehearersattention,andtoexpressconfirmationanddeclaration.Thereasonthatneisconsideredtohaveameaningofcontinuationis mainlyattributedtopeoplesabductionability.Inotherwords,thecontinuationmeaningof neemergesfromthecontext,andistheresultofpragmaticinference.Eventhoughthe meaningofcontinuationhasbeenreinforcedandstandardizedinsomesentences,orhaseven beenseenasanindependentmeaningofne,itshouldstillberecognizedastheresultofpragmaticgrammaticalization. Keywords ne(呢);eventandmodality;continuationanddeclaration;abduction;pragmaticinference (任 鹰 日本神户市外国语大学中文系) 8