2012-2013 Final term examination for Cellular Biochemistry Name student ID number Choose one correct answer for each questions(1 point per question,100 choice questions,total 100 points) 1.The difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that rough endoplasmic reticulum A.does not contain ribosomes B.contains ribosomes C.does not contain liposomes D.contains liposomes E.None of the above 2.Ribozyme is Aribosomal proteins B.catalytic RNA C.enzyme for the synthesis of ribosome D.lipids E None of the above 3 What cell organelle is pictured below? A Nucleus B.Golgi complex C.mitochondrion D.centriole E.lysosome 4.Which of the followings is not a trait of stem cell? A.asymmetry division B.self-renewal C.plasticity D.self-maintenance E metastasis 5.The main function of ribosome is to A.neutralize poisons B.produce DNA C.destroy old organells D.synthesize proteins E.none ofabove 6.Proteins are made oflong chains of A.lipids B. C.enzymes DNucleotide E.carbohydrate 7.The inner folded membranes of mitochondria are called A.Cristae. B.Thvlakoids C.Golgi body D.Endoplasmic reticulum E.SER 8.The cell membrane consists mainly of A.water and carbondioxide B.cellulose and pectin C.phospholipids and proteins D.actin and myosin E none of above
2012-2013 Final term examination for Cellular Biochemistry Name student ID number: Choose one correct answer for each questions (1 point per question, 100 choice questions, total 100 points ) 1. The difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that rough endoplasmic reticulum A．does not contain ribosomes B．contains ribosomes C．does not contain liposomes D．contains liposomes E．None of the above 2. Ribozyme is A ribosomal proteins B.catalytic RNA C.enzyme for the synthesis of ribosome D.lipids E.None of the above 3. What cell organelle is pictured below? A. Nucleus B.Golgi complex C. mitochondrion D.centriole E. lysosome 4. Which of the followings is not a trait of stem cell? A. asymmetry division B. self-renewal C. plasticity D. self-maintenance E. metastasis 5. The main function of ribosome is to A. neutralize poisons B. produce DNA C. destroy old organells D. synthesize proteins E. none of above 6．Proteins are made of long chains of A. lipids B. amino acids C. enzymes D Nucleotide E.carbohydrate 7. The inner folded membranes of mitochondria are called A.Cristae. B.Thylakoids C.Golgi body D. Endoplasmic reticulum E.SER 8. The cell membrane consists mainly of A．water and carbondioxide B. cellulose and pectin C.phospholipids and proteins D.actin and myosin E none of above
9.The core proteins in nucleosome are A H2A H2R H3 H4 R HIA HIR H3 HA C.HIA,H2A,H3,H4 D.H1,H2,H3,H4 E.H2A,H2B,H1,H2 10.How many nucleotide bases are needed to code for one amino acid? A.One B.two C.three D.four E.five 11.The microtubulesserve as amajor component of A.vacuoles B.cilia and flagella C.DNA D.the mitochondria E.None of the above 12 How do eukarvotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells? A.Eukaryotic cels are larger than prokaryo cells C.Eukaryotic cells have their DNA packaged in a nucleus D.All of the above are correct about eukaryotic cells E.None of the above 13.The cell boundary is ealled the A.Cytoplasm B.nuclear membrane C.cell membrane D.endoplasmic reticulum E.None of the above 14 The function of mitochondria is to B.provide a great deal of cellular energy C move the cel D encode genetic information ENone of the above 15.The following graph shows the effect of 4 mutagens on human skin and blood cells grown in a laboratory. One conclusion that might be drawn from this information is that Key ☐skin cell ☐blood cell A.human cells are equally affected by mutagens. B.mutagens affect cells in different ways. C.nitrous oxide (NO)equally affects skin and blood cells. D Nico tine isequally harmful to all human cells. E.blood cells are more sensitive to mutagens than skincel 16.Active transport A uses cell membrane proteins
9. The core proteins in nucleosome are A. H2A, H2B, H3, H4. B. H1A, H1B, H3, H4. C. H1A, H2A, H3, H4. D. H1, H2, H3, H4. E. H2A, H2B, H1, H2. 10. How many nucleotide bases are needed to code for one amino acid? A. One B.two C.three D. four E.five 11. The microtubules serve as a major component of A. vacuoles B. cilia and flagella C. DNA D. the mitochondria E. None of the above 12. How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells? A．Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells B．Eukaryotic cells have cell components called organelles C．Eukaryotic cells have their DNA packaged in a nucleus D．All of the above are correct about eukaryotic cells E．None of the above 13．The cell boundary is called the A.Cytoplasm B.nuclear membrane C. cell membrane D.endoplasmic reticulum E. None of the above 14. The function of mitochondria is to A package cell products for cell export B. provide a great deal of cellular energy C move the cell D encode genetic information E None of the above 15. The following graph shows the effect of 4 mutagens on human skin and blood cells grown in a laboratory. One conclusion that might be drawn from this information is that A. human cells are equally affected by mutagens. B. mutagens affect cells in different ways. C. nitrous oxide（NO）equally affects skin and blood cells. D. Nicotine is equally harmful to all human cells. E. blood cells are more sensitive to mutagens than skin cells 16. Active transport A.uses cell membrane proteins
B.requires ATP chemical energy C.an transport froma region of toa region of high D.all of the above are true.Enone of the above 17.Human red blood cells are the ideal materials to study the cell membrane structures because A.Red blood cells can be easily identified by their color B.Red blood cells are available in large number C.Red blood cells have no nucleus and organelles D.Both BandC E.A+B 18.The muscle contraction requires the action of which molecular motor? A.Kinesin B.Myosin.C.Dynein D.Tubulin E.actin 19.Which of the following about apoptosis is not true? A.Isa sort of cellular self-destruction that can take place in normal tissues B.Is accompanied by random DNA degradation C.Is characterized by nuclear fragmentation and cellular breakdown into vesicles. D.Differs from necrosis because necrosis occurs when cell is injured. E.all ofabove 20.Necrosis A.May be mediated by FAS signal pathway. B.Characterized by DNA degraded into about 200bp fragment. C.Is a genetically controlled process D.Occurs when cel is injured E.None of the above 21.In an experiment to test their new drug on humans,two scientists planned to give volunteers one of two drugs Drug A- experimental drug Which of thes ould MOS of the scientists who developed the epcrimctaldnug A.Introduce a third drug into the experiment B.Decrease the number of experimenters from two to one C.Have a third researcher label and distribute the samples D.Replacea portion of the placebos with aspirin. E.All of the abo ove are not true 22.Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A.Golgi complex. B.Microtubule C.RER D.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.E.Lysosome 23.The cell membrane consists mainly of A.water and carbondioxide B.cellulose and pectin C.phospholipids and proteins D.actin and myosin E.none ofabove
B.requires ATP chemical energy C.can transport solute from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration D.all of the above are true. E.none of the above 17.Human red blood cells are the ideal materials to study the cell membrane structures because A. Red blood cells can be easily identified by their color B. Red blood cells are available in large number C. Red blood cells have no nucleus and organelles D. Both B and C E. A+B 18. The muscle contraction requires the action of which molecular motor? A. Kinesin B. Myosin. C. Dynein D. Tubulin E. actin 19. Which of the following about apoptosis is not true? A. Is a sort of cellular self-destruction that can take place in normal tissues. B. Is accompanied by random DNA degradation. C. Is characterized by nuclear fragmentation and cellular breakdown into vesicles. D. Differs from necrosis because necrosis occurs when cell is injured. E. all of above 20. Necrosis A. May be mediated by FAS signal pathway. B. Characterized by DNA degraded into about 200bp fragment. C. Is a genetically controlled process. D. Occurs when cell is injured. E. None of the above 21. In an experiment to test their new drug on humans, two scientists planned to give volunteers one of two drugs: Drug A — experimental drug Drug B — placebo (sugar pill) Which of these would MOST effectively reduce the effect of the bias of the scientists who developed the experimental drug? A. Introduce a third drug into the experiment. B. Decrease the number of experimenters from two to one. C. Have a third researcher label and distribute the samples. D. Replace a portion of the placebos with aspirin. E. All of the above are not true 22. Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? A.Golgi complex. B.Microtubule C.RER D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. E. Lysosome 23. The cell membrane consists mainly of A.water and carbondioxide B. cellulose and pectin C. phospholipids and proteins D. actin and myosin E. none of above
24.The cell cycle's two main stages are called Aanaphase and telophase B.mitosis and interphase C.metaphase and prophase D.cytokinesis and anaphase E.None of the above 25.Meiosis is different from mitosis because meiosis produces A.consistent genetic makeup of all gametes. B.larger daughter cells. C.two gametes for every original parent cell. D.cells with halfthe number of chromosomes E.fast speed of cell division 26.A 56-year-old man who drinks a six pack of beer a day,with higher alcoholic intake on weekends,holidays and"special days,"presents to the internal medicine clinic.He has an abnormal plasma lipoprotein profile.It is known that erythrocyte fluidity is altered in liver disease.Which one of the following would inerease membrane cytes of this patients liver A Restriction of rotational movement of proteins and lipids in the membrane B.Transbilayer movement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane C.Increased cholesterol/phospholipids ratio in the plasma membrane D.Binding of integral membrane proteins with E.Bindingofan anboyto-acee 27.The asymmetry of the cell membrane is established primarily by which one of the following? A.Membrane synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum B.Membrane modification in the Golgi apparatus C.Presence of carbohydrates on the cytoplasmie surface D.The distribution of cholestero E.Flipping proteins between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer("fip-flop") 28.A44-year-old African American woman calls 911.When the MedAct unit arrives they find a patient with acute obrath an when A pysicl exinon reve pulse 15omma 60-100). ate 42(no mal15-20) s of acce ssory muscle use hing up mu decreased breath sounds with wheezing on inspiration and expiration.The patient has taken her prescribed medications with no relief of symptoms prior to her 911 call.Her current medication is albuterol,a moderately selective B2-receptor agonist.Which one of the following is true regarding those receptors? A.They possess a single hydrophobic transmembrane segment in the form of an a-helix B.They c an activate rionchannels C.They possesan ligand- binding domain D.They posses intrinsic enzyme activity E.They are arranged so that both the amino-and the carboxy-terminals are located intracellularly
24．The cell cycle's two main stages are called A. anaphase and telophase B. mitosis and interphase C. metaphase and prophase D. cytokinesis and anaphase E. None of the above 25. Meiosis is different from mitosis because meiosis produces A. consistent genetic makeup of all gametes. B. larger daughter cells. C. two gametes for every original parent cell. D. cells with half the number of chromosomes. E. fast speed of cell division 26. A 56-year-old man who drinks a six pack of beer a day , with higher alcoholic intake on weekends , holidays , and “special days ,” presents to the internal medicine clinic. He has an abnormal plasma lipoprotein profile. It is known that erythrocyte fluidity is altered in liver disease . Which one of the following would increase membrane fluidity in the hepatocytes of this patient’s liver ? A.Restriction of rotational movement of proteins and lipids in the membrane B. Transbilayer movement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane C .Increased cholesterol/phospholipids ratio in the plasma membrane D. Binding of integral membrane proteins with cytoskeletal elements E. Binding of an antibody to a cell-surface receptor 27. The asymmetry of the cell membrane is established primarily by which one of the following? A. Membrane synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum B. Membrane modification in the Golgi apparatus C. Presence of carbohydrates on the cytoplasmic surface D. The distribution of cholesterol E. Flipping proteins between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer (“flip-flop”) 28. A 44-year-old African American woman calls 911. When the MedAct unit arrives they find a patient with acute shortness of breath and audible wheezing. A physical examination reveals pulse 115(normal 60-100)， respiratory rate 42 (normal 15-20) with signs of accessory muscle use. She is coughing up mucus. Auscultation reveals decreased breath sounds with wheezing on inspiration and expiration. The patient has taken her prescribed medications with no relief of symptoms prior to her 911 call. Her current medication is albuterol, a moderately selective β2-receptor agonist. Which one of the following is true regarding those receptors? A. They possess a single hydrophobic transmembrane segment in the form of an α-helix B. They can activate plasma membrane-bound enzymes or ion channels C. They posses an intracellular ligand-binding domain D. They posses intrinsic enzyme activity E. They are arranged so that both the amino- and the carboxy-terminals are located intracellularly
29.Which one of the following is the function of the large subunit of the ribosme? A.Bind messenger RNA(mRNA) Bind transfer RNA(tRNA) C Catalyze peptide bond formation D.Initiate protein synthesis E.Link adjacent ribosomes in a polyribosome 30.The stability and arrangement of actin filaments as well as their properties and functions depend on which one of the following? A. The structure of the actin filaments B.Microtubules C.Intermediate filament protein E M uch as kinesin 31.A 14-vear-old adolescent is diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS).His skin blisters easily with rubbing or scratching.Blisters occur primarily on his hands and feet and heal without leaving scars.Mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes are identified by genetic analysis.Those genes code for the proteins keratin 5 and keratin 14,respectively.What is the Generate movement B. Provide mechanical stability C.Carry out nucleation of microtubule D.Stabilize microtubules against disassembly E.Transport organelles within the cell 32.A newborn boy is diagnosed with Apert syndrome.He has craniosynostosis,hypoplasia of the middle part of his face with retru sion of the eyesand syndactyly that inudes fusion of the skin of the fingers with moderate fusion of thebones of those digits There is join mobility past the first joint.Which one of the following is most likely decreased in cells in the interdigital region of the developing hand of this newborn child A Random DNA degradation B.Inflammation C.Cell swelling D bel-2 E DNA degradation by endonucleases 33.A15-month-old girl is referred for ophthalmologic and neurologic follow up by her pediatrician.The child has shown a failure to thrive,is microcephalic exhibits myoclonic jerks,delayed psychomotor development.visual disturbance,and seizures.Analysis of fibroblasts from the skin by electron microscopy confirms the presence of fingerprint inclusion bodies.Elevated levels of dolichol are found in the urine.Normally.dolichol is associated with which cellular process? Sulfation in the trans compartment of the Golgi B.O-linked glycosylation in the medial compartment of the Golg C.O-linked glvcosvlation in the cis compartment of the Golgi D.N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) E.Sorting of proteins to the lysosome form the trans-Golgi network(TGN) 34. Inhibition of actin assembly by cytochalasins would interfere primarily with which one of the following? A. Separation of chromosomes in anaphase of the cell cycle B.Vesicular transport between the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane
29. Which one of the following is the function of the large subunit of the ribosme? A. Bind messenger RNA(mRNA) B. Bind transfer RNA(tRNA) C. Catalyze peptide bond formation D. Initiate protein synthesis E. Link adjacent ribosomes in a polyribosome 30. The stability and arrangement of actin filaments as well as their properties and functions depend on which one of the following ? A. The structure of the actin filaments B. Microtubules C. Intermediate filament protein D. Actin-binding proteins E. Motor molecules , such as kinesin 31. A 14-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). His skin blisters easily with rubbing or scratching. Blisters occur primarily on his hands and feet and heal without leaving scars. Mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes are identified by genetic analysis. Those genes code for the proteins keratin 5 and keratin 14, respectively. What is the primary function of those proteins ? A. Generate movement B. Provide mechanical stability C. Carry out nucleation of microtubules D. Stabilize microtubules against disassembly E. Transport organelles within the cell 32. A newborn boy is diagnosed with Apert syndrome . He has craniosynostosis , hypoplasia of the middle part of his face with retrusion of the eyes , and syndactyly that includes fusion of the skin , connective tissue , and muscle of the first , middle ,and ring fingers with moderate fusion of the bones of those digits . There is very limitied joint mobility past the first joint . Which one of the following is most likely decreased in cells in the interdigital region of the developing hand of this newborn child ? A. Random DNA degradation B. Inflammation C. Cell swelling D. bcl-2 E DNA degradation by endonucleases 33. A 15-month-old girl is referred for ophthalmologic and neurologic follow up by her pediatrician. The child has shown a failure to thrive, is microcephalic exhibits myoclonic jerks, delayed psychomotor development, visual disturbance, and seizures. Analysis of fibroblasts from the skin by electron microscopy confirms the presence of fingerprint inclusion bodies. Elevated levels of dolichol are found in the urine. Normally, dolichol is associated with which cellular process ? A. Sulfation in the trans compartment of the Golgi B. O-linked glycosylation in the medial compartment of the Golgi C. O-linked glycosylation in the cis compartment of the Golgi D. N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) E. Sorting of proteins to the lysosome form the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 34. Inhibition of actin assembly by cytochalasins would interfere primarily with which one of the following ? A. Separation of chromosomes in anaphase of the cell cycle B. Vesicular transport between the Golgi apparatus and cell membrane
C.Ciliary movement D.Phagocytic activity by macrophages The structure of centrioles 35.A 53-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 is diagnosed with type ll diabetes.Clinical studies have demonstrated that chloroquine improves glucose metabolism in such patients.Chloroquine is a weak base that neutralizes acidic organelles.In a pancreaticBcell,which one of the following would be a direct effect of chloroquine treatment? A.Increased proinsulin content in secretory vesicles B.Increased release of C peptide C.Increaesd number of amylase-containing secretory vesicles? d.Reduced translation of glucagon mrNA E.Increased stability of insulin mRNA 36.A 32-year-old man and his 30-year-old wife are referred for a reprocuctive endocrinology infertility (REl)consult after 2 years of trying to"get pregnant".He is diagnosed with oligozoospermia.Ejaculated mature sperm are collected and analyzed for genetic analysis.Using genetic linkage analysis,his REI specialist determines that he has aberrations in genic meiotic recom ination,including both diminished frequency and suboptimal oction,resulting ina high of aneuploid sperm.In the explamation of the problem. .she explains meiosis and recombination attributing the problem to a specific phase of meiosis.Which phase of meiosis is most closely associated with recombination? A.Lepotene B.Zygotene C.Pachytene D.Diplotene E.Diakinesis 37.A32-year-old (gravida2.para2)woman who gave birth toa baby girl 24 hours before is having difficulty urinating and is retaining urine in her bladder.She is given bethanechol,a muscatinic agonist,which is the ligand shown in the figure below.Which one of the following is the function of molecule A? A directly activates protein kinaseC B Binds to the ER C Hydrolysis of PIP toform diacylglycerol (DAG)and inositol triphosphate(IP3) 4.5-bisphosphate (PIP2) E Stimulation of Gs activity through phosphorylation of PIP2
C. Ciliary movement D. Phagocytic activity by macrophages E. The structure of centrioles 35. A 53-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 is diagnosed with typeⅡdiabetes. Clinical studies have demonstrated that chloroquine improves glucose metabolism in such patients. Chloroquine is a weak base that neutralizes acidic organelles. In a pancreaticβcell , which one of the following would be a direct effect of chloroquine treatment ? A.Increased proinsulin content in secretory vesicles B. Increased release of C peptide C. Increaesd number of amylase-containing secretory vesicles? D. Reduced translation of glucagon mRNA E. Increased stability of insulin mRNA 36. A 32-year-old man and his 30-year-old wife are referred for a reprocuctive endocrinology infertility (REI)consult after 2 years of trying to “get pregnant”. He is diagnosed with oligozoospermia. Ejaculated mature sperm are collected and analyzed for genetic analysis. Using genetic linkage analysis , his REI specialist determines that he has aberrations in spermatogenic meiotic recombination, including both diminished frequency and suboptimal location, resulting in a high frequency of aneuploid sperm. In the explamation of the problem, she explains meiosis and recombination attributing the problem to a specific phase of meiosis . Which phase of meiosis is most closely associated with recombination? A. Lepotene B. Zygotene C. Pachytene D. Diplotene E . Diakinesis 37. A 32-year-old (gravida2, para2) woman who gave birth to a baby girl 24 hours before is having difficulty urinating and is retaining urine in her bladder. She is given bethanechol, a muscatinic agonist , which is the ligand shown in the figure below . Which one of the following is the function of molecule A ? A directly activates protein kinase C B Binds to the ER C Hydrolysis of PIP2 to form diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) D Stimulation of inhibitory G protein (Gi) activity through phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) E Stimulation of G5 activity through phosphorylation of PIP2
38.A 20-month-old boy is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilgord progerial syndrome (HGPS),a severe form of premature aging.Fetal and early postnatal developmentare normal,but there is now severe failureo thrive,some lipoatrophy,bo ony abnormalities,a smal beaked ose and edin ssand speckled hypopigmentation with some areas of tight hard skin.His neurological and cognitive tests are normal Genetic analysis shows a single spontaneous mutation in codon 608 of the LMNA gene,which encodes both lamin A and lamin C.Which one of the following would you most likely expect to be a direct effect in cells obtained from this patient A Increased heter B Interference with microtubule treadmilling CIncreased synthesis of rRNA in the D Loss of ability to adhere to the basement membrane through integrins E Aberrations in nuclear architecture 39.The two major secretory pathways A -B-C-D(pathway I and C-E(pathway lI)are illustrated in the figure.Albumin ation by by pathway I In a patient with serum evels of albumin are reduced.Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the reduced secretion of albumin? A ① A.Reduced binding of“A”to receptors D.Reduced activity of the cAMP-actived signal transduction system E.Increased cAMP levels 40.AG phase and an M-phase cell are fused together with a endai virus.The result is thar the chromosomes in the G-phase cell condense.Which of the follo A. Lamins will be phosphorylated in the G cell B.The S-phase activator will be expressed in the M-phase cell C.The M-phase cell will reduplicate its DNA
38. A 20-month-old boy is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilgord progerial syndrome (HGPS) , a severe form of early-onset premature aging . Fetal and early postnatal development are normal , but there is now severe failure to thrive , some lipoatrophy , bony abnormalities , a small , beaked nose and receding mandible , hair loss , and speckled hypopigmentation with some areas of tight hard skin . His neurological and cognitive tests are normal . Genetic analysis shows a single spontaneous mutation in codon 608 of the LMNA gene , which encodes both lamin A and lamin C . Which one of the following would you most likely expect to be a direct effect in cells obtained from this patient ? A Increased heterochromatin B Interference with microtubule treadmilling C Increased synthesis of rRNA in the nucleolus D Loss of ability to adhere to the basement membrane through integrins E Aberrations in nuclear architecture 39. The two major secretory pathways A B C D（pathwayⅠ）and C E (pathwayⅡ) are illustrated in the figure . Albumin secreation by hepatocytes occurs by pathwayⅡ. In a patient with cirrhosis , the serum levels of albumin are reduced. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the reduced secretion of albumin? A. Reduced binding of “A” to receptors B. Reduced numbers of functional hepatocytes C. Down-regulation of “B” on hepatocytes D. Reduced activity of the cAMP-actived signal transduction system E. Increased cAMP levels 40. A G1 phase and an M-phase cell are fused together with a Sendai virus. The result is thar the chromosomes in the G1-phase cell condense. Which of the following would be the best possible cell biological explanation ? A. Lamins will be phosphorylated in the G1 cell B. The S-phase activator will be expressed in the M-phase cell C. The M-phase cell will reduplicate its DNA
D.The Gl/S-CdK complex will be activated in the M-phase cell E Are-replication block will occur in the Gl-phase cell 41.Consider the amino acid shown below.The configuration about which atom will determine whether the amino acid is in the Dor Lconfiguration? A OH CH2 O H2N- C-OH B H 42.Which of the following amino acids are belonged to the acidic amino acids? (A)Phe Tyr (B)Met Cys (C)Leu lle (D)GluAsp (E)Gly Ala 43.The covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid is called (A)Phosphoester bond (B)phosphodiester bond (C)Peptide bond (D)Glycosidic bond (E) Thioester bond 44.A part of protein sequence that can form a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently folded is called (A)Residue (B)Secondary structure (C)Motif (D)Domain (E)Subunit 45.An-mninfant ehibits lthargy.Physical exam detects ork display a microcytic anemia with abnormal,sickle-shaped red blood cells.This defect is most likely due to a hereditary mutation in which of the following? A Hemoglobin B Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase C Pyruvate kinase D Fructose 1.6-biphosphatase E Methemoglobin reductase 46 a patient has been n sed with col cer The atient with a combination of cher othe peutic drug drug because it inhibits which 一合(P)1asta。 the 47 A 6-month-old infant is seen by the pediatrician for developmental delay Blood work shows megaloblastic anemia,although measu ments of Band folate are in the highnomal ange.Urinalysisd monstrates,upon standing thef virtually all of the clinical problems.The crystalline substance was most likely composed of which of the following? A.Uracil B.Thymine C.Orotate D.Aspartate E.Cytosine has also developed gout due to an increase in the levels of which of the following metabolites? A.PRPP B.Glutamine C.ATP D.NADH E.dTTP
D . The G1/S-CdK complex will be activated in the M –phase cell E A re-replication block will occur in the G1- phase cell 41. Consider the amino acid shown below. The configuration about which atom will determine whether the amino acid is in the D or L configuration? 42. Which of the following amino acids are belonged to the acidic amino acids? (A) Phe Tyr (B) Met Cys (C) Leu Ile (D) Glu Asp (E) Gly Ala 43. The covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid is called______. (A) Phosphoester bond (B) phosphodiester bond (C) Peptide bond (D) Glycosidic bond (E) Thioester bond 44. A part of protein sequence that can form a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently folded is called ______. (A) Residue (B) Secondary structure (C) Motif (D) Domain (E) Subunit 45. An 8-month-old infant exhibits jaundice and lethargy. Physical exam detects splenomegaly. Blood work display a microcytic anemia with abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells. This defect is most likely due to a hereditary mutation in which of the following? A Hemoglobin B Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase C Pyruvate kinase D Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase E Methemoglobin reductase 46. A patient has been recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer.The physician treats the patient with a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs, one of which is5-fluorouracil(5-FU). 5-FU is effective as an anticancer drug because it inhibits which one of the following enzymes? A. Dihydrofolate reductase B. Thymidylate synthase C. Amidophosphoribosyl transferase D. 5'-phosphoribosyl 1'-pyrophosphate(PRPP) synthetase E. UMP synthase 47 A 6-month-old infant is seen by the pediatrician for developmental delay.Blood work shows megaloblastic anemia, although measurements of B12 and folate are in the high normal range. Urinalysis demonstrates, upon standing, the formation of a crystalline substance. Supplementation of the child's diet with uridine reversed virtually all of the clinical problems.The crystalline substance was most likely composed of which of the following? A. Uracil B. Thymine C. Orotate D. Aspartate E. Cytosine 48. A patients exhibits fasting hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis under fasting conditions. Hepatomegaly is also evident. A glucagon challenge only releases about 10% of the expected level of glucose from the liver. The patient has also developed gout due to an increase in the levels of which of the following metabolites? A. PRPP B. Glutamine C. ATP D. NADH E. dTTP
49.Your 6-year-od female patient has psoriasis and has been treated with methotrexate for several years.She have all been normal.She has developed an anemia.Which of following would you expect to find when working uo her anemia? A.A macrocytic anemia B A microcytic anemia C Thalassemia D Spherocytes E A low vitamin B12 level 50.A researcher wants to developa method of labeling purines uure studies.Purine synthesis will be done in a test tube using only the enzymes necessary to synthesize purines via the de novo pathway.Which starting materials should be labeled with the heavy nitrogen in order to maximizeN incorporation into purines? A.Aspartate.glycine,and glutamate B.Aspartate.glycine,and N5-formimino tetrahydrofolate C.Asparagine.glycine,and glutamine D.Asparagine.glutamate,and glutamine E.Aspartate,glycine,and glutamine 51 Which of the following lipoproteins can transfer extrahepatic cholesterol to liver for metabolism? A CM B LDL C HDL D IDL E VLDL 52.Which of the following compounds can not be metabolized into Acetyl-CoA? A.Ketone bodies B.Fatty acids C.Cholesterol D.phospholipids E.glucose 53.Fatty acids can be oxidized into acetyl-CoA.which is the following is the fate for acetyl-CoA? c For synthesis of fatty acids B.to provide er For synthesis of ketone bodies D.For synthesis of cholestero E.All of the above 54.Which is the following is transformed from cholesterol: A.Vitamin A B.Vitamin PP C.Vitamin C D.Vitamin D3 E.Vitamin E 55.Which is the following is the function of acyl carrer protein(ACP) A.Transferring cholesterol B.Activating lipoprotein lipase C The core of fatty acid synthase system DTransferring fatty acids E.Carrying carbon unit 56.Which is the following can transfer acetyl group from mitochondria to cvtoplasm A.Acetyl-CoA B.Acetyl-carnitine C.Succinate D.Citric acid E.Oxaloacetate 57.After produced in the liver,fats are mainly used for which one of the following processes? A.Hydrolyzed in liver B.Stored in liver C.Oxidized and provide ATP in liver D.Combined with apolipoprotein to form VLDL E.All of above are wrong 58Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows:synthesized in the intestinal mucosa containinga high concentration of triacylglycerol and mainly cleared from the circulation by adipose tissue and muscle A.Chylomicrons B.High-density lipoprotein C.Intermediate density lipoprotein D Low-density lipoprotein E.Very low-density lipoprotein
49. Your 60-year-old female patient has psoriasis and has been treated with methotrexate for several years. She has no other medical problems and her preventive screenings, including fetal occult blood tests and colonoscopy, have all been normal. She has developed an anemia. Which of following would you expect to find when working uo her anemia? A. A macrocytic anemia B A microcytic anemia C Thalassemia D Spherocytes E A low vitamin B12 level 50. A researcher wants to develop a method of labeling purines with 15N for use in future spectroscopic studies.Purine synthesis will be done in a test tube using only the enzymes necessary to synthesize purines via the de novo pathway. Which starting materials should be labeled with the heavy nitrogen in order to maximize 15N incorporation into purines? A. Aspartate,glycine,and glutamate B. Aspartate,glycine,and N5-formimino tetrahydrofolate C. Asparagine,glycine,and glutamine D. Asparagine,glutamate,and glutamine E. Aspartate,glycine,and glutamine 51 Which of the following lipoproteins can transfer extrahepatic cholesterol to liver for metabolism? A. CM B. LDL C. HDL D. IDL E. VLDL 52.Which of the following compounds can not be metabolized into Acetyl-CoA? A. Ketone bodies B. Fatty acids .C. Cholesterol D.phospholipids E. glucose 53.Fatty acids can be oxidized into acetyl-CoA, which is the following is the fate for acetyl-CoA? A. For synthesis of fatty acids B.For oxidization to provide energy C For synthesis of ketone bodies D.For synthesis of cholesterol E. All of the above 54.Which is the following is transformed from cholesterol: A. Vitamin A B.Vitamin PP C.Vitamin C D.Vitamin D3 E.Vitamin E 55.Which is the following is the function of acyl carrer protein (ACP) A. Transferring cholesterol B. Activating lipoprotein lipase C The core of fatty acid synthase system D Transferring fatty acids E.Carrying carbon unit 56.Which is the following can transfer acetyl group from mitochondria to cytoplasm A. Acetyl-CoA B. Acetyl-carnitine C.Succinate D. Citric acid E.Oxaloacetate 57.After produced in the liver, fats are mainly used for which one of the following processes? A.Hydrolyzed in liver B.Stored in liver C. Oxidized and provide ATP in liver D.Combined with apolipoprotein to form VLDL E. All of above are wrong 58.Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows: synthesized in the intestinal mucosa, containing a high concentration of triacylglycerol and mainly cleared from the circulation by adipose tissue and muscle? A. Chylomicrons B.High-density lipoprotein C.Intermediate density lipoprotein D Low-density lipoprotein E.Very low-density lipoprotein
59 Which one of the following statements about fatty acid metabolism is coRrecT? Acylcan iine fromayl-CoAandne t then face of the membrane B.Acyl-Co can on ros the iner mitochondrial membrane in exchange for free Co leaving the mitochondrial matrix. C.Creatinine is essential for transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. D.In the fed state.the main source of fatty acids for tissues is triacylglycerol in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins(VLDL). E.Oxidat ioof fatty acids the cytosol. 60.The class of drugs called statins have proved very effective against hypercholesterolemia,a major cause of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease.These drugs reduce plasma cholesterol levels by: A.Preventing absorption of cholesterol from the intestine. ing the xretion of ho sterol from the body vi version to C.Inhibiting the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co to mevalonate in the pathway for cholestero biosynthesis. D.Increasing the rate of degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. E.Stimulating the activity of the LDL receptor in the liver. 61.Which one of the following statements conceming the biosynthesis of cholesterol is CORRECT A The rate-limiting step is the formation of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA)by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase. B.Synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell C.All the carbon atoms in the cholesterol synthesized originate from acetyl-CoA Squalene isthe first in the pathway. The initial substrate is mevalonate 62.Which one of the following statements concerning chylomicrons is CORRECT? A.Chylomicrons are made inside intestinal cells and secreted into lymph,where they acquire apolipoproteins B and C The core of chylomicrons contains triacylglycerol and phospholipids The enzyme hormone sensitive lipase acts on chylomicrons to release fatty acids from triacylglycerol when they are bound to the surface of endothelial cells in blood capillaries. D.Chylomicron remnants differ from chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of iacylglycerol. E microns are taken up by the live 63.The subcellular site of the breakdown of long chain fatty acids to acetyl-CoA via-oxidation is: A.The cytosol B.The matrix of the mitochondria C.The endoplasmic reticulum D.The mitochondrial intermembrane space E.The Golgiapparatus 64.The description of the secondary structure of DNA double helix are eEXCEPT A.Two antiparallel strands B.Deoxyribose-phosphate frame located outside the strands C.Two strands are joined by hydrogen bond formed between A-T and G-C
59.Which one of the following statements about fatty acid metabolism is CORRECT? A. Acylcarnitine is formed from acyl-CoA and carnitine at the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. Acyl-CoA can only cross the inner mitochondrial membrane in exchange for free CoA leaving the mitochondrial matrix. C. Creatinine is essential for transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. D. In the fed state, the main source of fatty acids for tissues is triacylglycerol in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). E. Oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the cytosol. 60.The class of drugs called statins have proved very effective against hypercholesterolemia, a major cause of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. These drugs reduce plasma cholesterol levels by: A. Preventing absorption of cholesterol from the intestine. B. Increasing the excretion of cholesterol from the body via conversion to bile acids. C. Inhibiting the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonate in the pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis. D. Increasing the rate of degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. E. Stimulating the activity of the LDL receptor in the liver. 61.Which one of the following statements concerning the biosynthesis of cholesterol is CORRECT? A. The rate-limiting step is the formation of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase. B. Synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. C. All the carbon atoms in the cholesterol synthesized originate from acetyl-CoA. D. Squalene is the first cyclic intermediate in the pathway. E. The initial substrate is mevalonate. 62.Which one of the following statements concerning chylomicrons is CORRECT? A. Chylomicrons are made inside intestinal cells and secreted into lymph, where they acquire apolipoproteins B and C. B. The core of chylomicrons contains triacylglycerol and phospholipids. C. The enzyme hormone sensitive lipase acts on chylomicrons to release fatty acids from triacylglycerol when they are bound to the surface of endothelial cells in blood capillaries. D. Chylomicron remnants differ from chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of triacylglycerol. E. Chylomicrons are taken up by the liver. 63.The subcellular site of the breakdown of long chain fatty acids to acetyl-CoA via -oxidation is: A. The cytosol B.The matrix of the mitochondria C. The endoplasmic reticulum D.The mitochondrial intermembrane space E. The Golgi apparatus 64. The description of the secondary structure of DNA double helix are correct, EXCEPT A. Two antiparallel strands B. Deoxyribose-phosphate frame located outside the strands C. Two strands are joined by hydrogen bond formed between A-T and G-C