Lipids and lipid meta bolism
Lipids and lipid metabolism
Lipide C%-C-4 C的 Ubichinone HC=C-C-CM2 (10 Isopren einheiten) Acetyl-CoA Dolichole (17-21 Isopren- Fettsauren Isopren einheiten) Vitamin A +Glycerol Vitamin E Sphingosin Vitamin K Triacyl- Arachidonsaure Sphingo- glycerine lipide Cholesterol Lipoproteine Cyclooxy- Lipoxy- Phospho- genase genase lipide Plasma- Prosta- Leuko- Sexual- Gallen Vitamin D logene glandine triene hormone sauren Plattchen- Thrombo- Mineralo akt.Faktor xane corticoide Lipoproteine Gluco- corticoide
Lipoxygenase Cyclooxygenase Lipoproteine Lipoproteine
2-4 C atoms short chain fatty acids 6-12 C atoms medium chain fatty acids 12-20 C atoms long chain fatty acids >22 C atoms very long chain fatty acids saturated fatty acids Lipid Melt. Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Numb.Point Propionic acid Propanoic acid CH2CH,COOH C3:0 Butyric acid Butanoic acid CH3(CH2)2COOH C4:0 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid CH3(CH2)10COOH C12:0 44°℃ Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid CH3(CH2)12COOH C14:0 52°C Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH C16:0 63C Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH C18:0 70°C Arachidic acid Eicosanoic acid CH3(CH2)1sCOOH C20:0 75°℃ Behenic acid Docosanoic acid CH3(CH2)20COOH C22:0 81C Lignoceric acid Tetracosanoic acid CH3(CH2)22COOH C24:0 84°℃
Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numb. Melt. Point Propionic acid Propanoic acid CH3CH2COOH C3:0 Butyric acid Butanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )2COOH C4:0 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )10COOH C12:0 44°C Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )12COOH C14:0 52°C Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )14COOH C16:0 63°C Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )16COOH C18:0 70°C Arachidic acid Eicosanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )18COOH C20:0 75°C Behenic acid Docosanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )20COOH C22:0 81°C Lignoceric acid Tetracosanoic acid CH3 (CH2 )22COOH C24:0 84°C 2 – 4 C atoms = short chain fatty acids 6 – 12 C atoms = medium chain fatty acids 12 –20 C atoms = long chain fatty acids > 22 C atoms = very long chain fatty acids saturated fatty acids
Trivial name Systematic name #C atoms:DB essent. MP ges最ttigte Fettsluren Laurinsaure Dodecansaure 12:0 nein 44,2 Myristinsaure Tetradecansaure 14:0 nein 52,0 Palmitinsaure Hexadecansaure 16:0 nein 63,1 Stearinsaure Octadecansaure 18:0 nein 69.6 Arachinsaure Eicosansaure 20:0 nein 75.4 Behensaure Docosangaure 22:0 nein 81,0 Lignocerinsaure Tetracosansaure 24:0 nein 84,2 ungeslttigte Fettsluren Palmitoleinsaure 9-Hexadecensaure 16:1 nein 0,5 Olsaure 9-Octadecensaurre 18:1 nein 13,4 Linolsaure 9.12-Octadecadiensaure 18:2 ja 9,0 a-Linolensaure 9,12,15-Octadecatriensaure 18:3 ja 17,0 y-Linolensaure 6,9,12-Octadecatriensaure 18:3 Arachidonsaure 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraensaure 20:4 ja 49,5 EPA 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaensaure 20:5 54,0 Nervonsaure 15-Tetracosensaure 241 39,0 Stearinsaure bzw.Stearat
2 bis 4 Stearinsäure bzw. Stearat Trivial name Systematic name # C atoms : # DB essent. MP
0 a (Mefhryigruppe) (Siuregruppe) Gesattigte FS: 入入√入入入入V COOH Stearinsaure (C18:0) 18 C-Atome;keine Doppelbindung Ungesattigle FS: C入入入入人 COOH 01sre(C18:1o9) 18 C-Atome;eine Doppelbindung am 9.C-Atom 0me孕6母： (mehrfach ungesattig( 入入入V入入入 COOH Linolsaure(C18:2 06) 18 C-Atome;zwei Doppelbindungen;1.am 6.C-Atom Omega 3 FS: (mehrfach ungesattigt) Linolensaure(C18:3 @3) 18 C-Atome,drei Doppelbindungen;1.am 3.C-Atom H2 H HH H2 2 c C=C C=C COOH C C C C H2 H2 H2 H2 He n Linolsaure(C18:2,Omega-6-Fettsaure)
w a
(a) () ( 0=C1 oo 0c-09 oe CH: CH: CH CH: CH: CH: CH CH: CH CH. CH CH: CH: CH: H H. H CH cis CH: H CH: CH: CH, CH. HO CH: CH, trans CH. CH: CH CH: CH, CH: CH H Stearate Oleate Linolenate unsatturated fatty acids
unsatturated fatty acids cis trans
Fatty acid degradation fatty acid transport in blood fatty acid uptake into cells activation of fatty acids in the cytosol translocation of fatty acids into the mitochondrion ·Knoop's experiments b Oxiation thio-klastic cleavage by thiokinase degradation of uneven fatty acids degradation of unsaturated fatty acids
• fatty acid transport in blood • fatty acid uptake into cells • activation of fatty acids in the cytosol • translocation of fatty acids into the mitochondrion • Knoop‘s experiments • b Oxiation • thio-klastic cleavage by thiokinase • degradation of uneven fatty acids • degradation of unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid degradation
Lipoproteine (Chylomikronen H,O und LDL) TG+ Chol-E FATP Mcoo CoA-SH TG+ Mitochondrium ChoL-E Acyl-CoA Synthetase Acyl-CoA c00 +Glycerol Acyl-CoA Carnitin Carnitin Endothel Acyl-Carnitin TG=Triacylglycerine Acyl-Carnitin Chol-E=Cholesterol-Ester +CoA-SH LPL=Lipoprotein-Lipase FATP =fatty acid transport protein
Fatty acid activation CHa-(CH2)a-C by ATP and formation of acetyl-CoenzymeA 0H20 =02P01 CHa-(CH2) CHa-(CH2)-C-S-CoA Acyl-CoA AMP
Fatty acid activation by ATP and formation of acetyl-CoenzymeA
Lipoproteine (Chylomikronen H,0 und LDL) TG+ Chol-E FATP Mcoo +CoA-SH TG+ Albumin Mitochondrium Chol-E Acyl-CoA Synthetase ∧Λc00 Acyl-CoA +Glycerol Acyl-CoA Carnitin Endothel Acyl-Carnitin TG =Triacylglycerine Acyl-Carnitin Chol-E=Cholesterol-Ester +CoA-SH LPL Lipoprotein-Lipase FATP =fatty acid transport protein