Syllabus for cellular biochemistry Course Code:140580 Credits:4.0 Total Hours:68 Jiao Li Xiaojing Pan Examiner:Lixia Lu 1.Characteristics and Objective Cellular biochemistry is a basic course for medicine major students.It is made up of cell biology and biochemistry theory.Students will master the following knowledge:1.Structure and function macro-molecules:2.Metabolic process of nutrient substances:3.cell morphology,movement,division,communicating with each other and cell death;Furthermore,renewal of organs or tissues and generation of tumor cells will also be discussed.The aim of the foundation course is to help students build up solid foundation for Physiology and Pathology and enable students to relate basic medicine knowledge to clinical application.Students can get a general idea on molecular mechanism,diagnosis and therapy of disease. 2.Basic Requirement Studentsare required to: 1.Understand general principles of biochemistry and basic theory of cell biology. 2.Attend the class with active attitude,participate with discussion,finish and hand-in homework on time 3.Communicate with teacher and other students when they have questions. 3.Basic Content Modulel Macromolecules (1)Protein's structure and function 1)Grasping following points: a.nitrogen content in protein. b.name of20 amino acids including English abbreviation c.peptide bond. d.protein structure(from primary structure to quaternary structure and relating features). e.relationship between protein structure and function
Syllabus for cellular biochemistry Course Code: 140580 Credits：4.0 Total Hours：68 Instructor ： Jiao Li Xiaojing Pan Examiner ： Lixia Lu Siguang Li 1. Characteristics and Objective Cellular biochemistry is a basic course for medicine major students. It is made up of cell biology and biochemistry theory. Students will master the following knowledge: 1. Structure and function macro-molecules; 2. Metabolic process of nutrient substances; 3. cell morphology, movement, division, communicating with each other and cell death; Furthermore, renewal of organs or tissues and generation of tumor cells will also be discussed. The aim of the foundation course is to help students build up solid foundation for Physiology and Pathology and enable students to relate basic medicine knowledge to clinical application. Students can get a general idea on molecular mechanism, diagnosis and therapy of disease. 2. Basic Requirement Students are required to: 1. Understand general principles of biochemistry and basic theory of cell biology. 2. Attend the class with active attitude, participate with discussion, finish and hand-in homework on time 3. Communicate with teacher and other students when they have questions. 3. Basic Content Module1 Macromolecules (1) Protein’s structure and function 1) Grasping following points: a. nitrogen content in protein. b. name of 20 amino acids including English abbreviation. c. peptide bond. d. protein structure (from primary structure to quaternary structure and relating features). e. relationship between protein structure and function
2)Familiarizing with following points: a.physical properties of protein b.molecule disease c.amino acid sequence determination 3)getting a general idea on: a.classifications of protein b.biologically active peptide. d.three-dimensional structure determination of protein. (2)nucleic acid's structure and function 1)Grasping following points: a.chemical composition including base,phosphate and ribose b.DNAstructure(primary structure,double helix and super helix structure). c.RNA classifications and structure. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a nomenclature of nucleotideacid and cycling acid b.physical properties of DNAand RNA. 3)getting a general idea on: a.nucleosome structure b.DNAdiversity (3)Enzymeand co-enzyme 1)Grasping following points: a.catalytic characteristics ofenzyme b.classifications and composition of enzymes with examples.Coenzyme,holoenzyme and cofactors. c.zymogen activation and significance d.isoenzyme:properties and significance e.kinetics ofenzyme:Michaelis-Menten equation.Significance of Km.Factors affecting enzymatic activity:substrate concentration,enzyme concentration. temperature and pH. f.inhibitors of enzyme action:competitive,non-competitive and irreversible inhibition.Lineweaver-Burk blot 2)Familiarizing with following points a.catalytic mechanism of enzyme
2)Familiarizing with following points: a. physical properties of protein. b. molecule disease. c. amino acid sequence determination. 3) getting a general idea on: a. classifications of protein b. biologically active peptide. d. three-dimensional structure determination of protein. (2) nucleic acid’s structure and function 1) Grasping following points: a. chemical composition including base, phosphate and ribose. b. DNA structure(primary structure, double helix and super helix structure). c. RNA classifications and structure. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. nomenclature of nucleotide acid and cycling nucleic acid. b. physical properties of DNA and RNA. 3) getting a general idea on: a. nucleosome structure. b. DNA diversity. (3) Enzyme and co-enzyme 1) Grasping following points: a. catalytic characteristics of enzyme. b. classifications and composition of enzymes with examples. Coenzyme, holoenzyme and cofactors. c. zymogen activation and significance d. isoenzyme: properties and significance e. kinetics of enzyme: Michaelis-Menten equation. Significance of Km. Factors affecting enzymatic activity: substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH. f. inhibitors of enzyme action: competitive, non-competitive and irreversible inhibition. Lineweaver-Burk blot. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. catalytic mechanism of enzyme
b.deduction of Michaelis-Meten equation c.Fe:content,distribution,absorption,transport and function 3)getting a general idea on a.clinical significance of enzyme b.vitamin's classification and function.(It can be discussed in related chapters.) (4)glycoconjugate Familiarizing with following points: a.carbohydrate:concept,composition and classification. b.Glycoprotein and proteoglycan:concept,structure,classification and function Module2 Cellularstructure and function (1):Cell structure The universal features of cells on Earth,the diversity of genomes and the tree of life, visualizing cells,prokaryotes,eukaryotes (2):Cell membrane The lipid bilayer,membrane proteins,membrane transport of small molecules and electrical properties of membrane,intracellular vesicular traffic (endocytosis. exocytosis),active transportation,passive transportation,cell junction,tight junction and organization of epithelia (3):Intracellular compartments and protein sorting The compartmentalization of cells protein can move between different compartments. the endoplasmic reticulum (4):DNA,chromosomes and genomes The structure and function of DNA,chromosomal DNA and its packaging in the chromatin fiber,the regulation of chromatin structure.the global structure of chromosomes,how genomes evolve,nucleus,nucleosome,histone,nuclear lamina (⑤)：The cytoskeleton The self-assembly and dynamic structure of cytoskeletal filaments,how cells regulate their cytoskeletal filaments,molecular motors,the cytoskeleton and cell behavior (⑥)：Energy conversion:mitochondria The mitochondrion,electron-transport chains and their proton pumps,the evolution of
b. deduction of Michaelis-Meten equation c. Fe: content, distribution, absorption, transport and function. 3) getting a general idea on: a. clinical significance of enzyme. b. vitamin’s classification and function.(It can be discussed in related chapters.) (4) glycoconjugate Familiarizing with following points: a. carbohydrate: concept, composition and classification. b. Glycoprotein and proteoglycan: concept, structure,classification and function. Module 2 Cellular structure and function (1): Cell structure The universal features of cells on Earth, the diversity of genomes and the tree of life, visualizing cells, prokaryotes, eukaryotes (2): Cell membrane The lipid bilayer, membrane proteins, membrane transport of small molecules and electrical properties of membrane, intracellular vesicular traffic (endocytosis, exocytosis), active transportation, passive transportation, cell junction, tight junction and organization of epithelia (3): Intracellular compartments and protein sorting The compartmentalization of cells, protein can move between different compartments, the endoplasmic reticulum (4): DNA, chromosomes and genomes The structure and function of DNA, chromosomal DNA and its packaging in the chromatin fiber, the regulation of chromatin structure, the global structure of chromosomes, how genomes evolve, nucleus, nucleosome, histone, nuclear lamina (5): The cytoskeleton The self-assembly and dynamic structure of cytoskeletal filaments, how cells regulate their cytoskeletal filaments, molecular motors, the cytoskeleton and cell behavior (6): Energy conversion: mitochondria The mitochondrion, electron-transport chains and their proton pumps, the evolution of
electron-transport chains (7):Mechanisms of cell communication General principle of cell communication,signaling through G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptors(GPCRs)and small intracellular mediators,signaling through enzyme-coupled cell-surface receptors,signaling pathways dependent on regulated proteolysis of latent gene regulatory proteins (8):Cell eycle Overview of the cell cycle,the cell cycle control system,S phase,mitosis,control of cell division and cell growth,meiosis,mitosis (9：片Apoptosis and cancer Programmed cell death,proteolytic cascade,Bel2,IAPs,cancer as a microevolutionary process,the preventable causes of cancer,finding the cancer-critical genes,the molecular basis of cancer-cell behavior,cancer treatment: present and future (10):Specialized tissues,stem cells and tissue renewal Epidermis and its renewal by stem cells,sensory epithelia,the airway and the gut, renewal by multipotent stem cells:blood cell formation,skeletal muscle genesis. modulation and regeneration,fibroblasts and their transformations:the connective-tissue cell family,stem-cell engineering Module3 Material metabolism (1)Metabolism of Carbohydrates 1)Grasping following points: a.key enzyme,characteristics ofreaction,energy produced or consumed and significance of main metabolic pathway including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis,aerobic oxidation,phosphate pentose pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.relationships between metabolic pathways mentioned above. b.significance of lactate cycle or Cori cycle. c.regulation of key enzymes in above pathways
electron-transport chains (7): Mechanisms of cell communication General principle of cell communication, signaling through G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptors (GPCRs) and small intracellular mediators, signaling through enzyme-coupled cell-surface receptors, signaling pathways dependent on regulated proteolysis of latent gene regulatory proteins (8): Cell cycle Overview of the cell cycle, the cell cycle control system, S phase, mitosis, control of cell division and cell growth, meiosis, mitosis (9): Apoptosis and cancer Programmed cell death, proteolytic cascade, Bcl2, IAPs, cancer as a microevolutionary process, the preventable causes of cancer, finding the cancer-critical genes, the molecular basis of cancer-cell behavior, cancer treatment: present and future (10): Specialized tissues, stem cells and tissue renewal Epidermis and its renewal by stem cells, sensory epithelia, the airway and the gut, renewal by multipotent stem cells: blood cell formation, skeletal muscle genesis, modulation and regeneration, fibroblasts and their transformations: the connective-tissue cell family, stem-cell engineering Module 3 Material metabolism (1) Metabolism of Carbohydrates 1) Grasping following points: a. key enzyme, characteristics of reaction, energy produced or consumed and significance of main metabolic pathway including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, aerobic oxidation , phosphate pentose pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. relationships between metabolic pathways mentioned above. b. significance of lactate cycle or Cori cycle. c. regulation of key enzymes in above pathways
d.origin and metabolic pathway of blood sugar.Regulation and significance of blood sugar 3)getting a general idea on: a.digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. b.non-oxidative phase of PPP (2)Metabolism of Lipids 1)Grasping following points: a.synthesis and degradation of triglyceride.B-oxidation of even carbon atom fatty acids.Synthesis and transport of R-CoSCoA b.formation,degradation and significance of ketone bodies c.classifications and functions of phospholipids. d.biosynthesis(key enzyme)and biotransformation of cholesterol e.plasma lipoprotein:classifications,composition and function. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.digestion and absorption of lipids b.synthesis of fatty acid:location,substrates,ATP,key enzyme and regulation. c.apolipoprotein:classifications and functions. 3)getting a general idea on: a.extension of fatty acid chain. b.synthesis of unsaturated and derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids. c.a and oxidation of fatty acids d.hyperlipemia (3)biologicaloxidation 1)Grasping following points: a.biological oxidation:concept,characteristics and significance. b.mitochondrial respiratory chain:organization,sequence and function. c.oxidative phosphorylation:sites ofATP formation,ATP synthase,inhibitors and uncouplers. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.chemiosmotic hypothesis. b.a-glycerophosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle. .generation and disposal of superoxide radicals and enzymes involved 3)getting a general idea on:
d. origin and metabolic pathway of blood sugar. Regulation and significance of blood sugar. 3) getting a general idea on: a. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. b. non-oxidative phase of PPP. (2) Metabolism of Lipids 1) Grasping following points: a. synthesis and degradation of triglyceride. β- oxidation of even carbon atom fatty acids. Synthesis and transport of R-CoSCoA. b. formation , degradation and significance of ketone bodies. c. classifications and functions of phospholipids. d. biosynthesis(key enzyme) and biotransformation of cholesterol. e. plasma lipoprotein: classifications, composition and function. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. digestion and absorption of lipids. b. synthesis of fatty acid: location, substrates, ATP, key enzyme and regulation. c. apolipoprotein: classifications and functions. 3) getting a general idea on: a. extension of fatty acid chain. b. synthesis of unsaturated and derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids. c. α and ω oxidation of fatty acids d. hyperlipemia. (3) biological oxidation 1) Grasping following points: a. biological oxidation: concept, characteristics and significance. b. mitochondrial respiratory chain: organization, sequence and function. c. oxidative phosphorylation: sites of ATP formation, ATP synthase, inhibitors and uncouplers. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. chemiosmotic hypothesis. b. α-glycerophosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle. c. generation and disposal of superoxide radicals and enzymes involved. 3) getting a general idea on:
a.factors affecting oxidative phosphorylation (4)Metabolism ofamino acids 1)Grasping following points: a.dietary protein:function and nutrition value b.degradation of amino acid:transamination,oxidative deamination and transdeamination. c.urea cycle:process and significance. d.function of histamine,y-aminobutyric acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine. e.one carbon unit:carrier,name and function. f.physical function of phosphate creatine,SAM and PAPS 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.catalytic characteristics of protein hydrolase in pancreatic juice. b.a-ketone acid:classification and biotransformation. 3)getting a general idea on: a.carriers involving amino acid absorption b.putrefaction and hyperammonemia. c.aromatic amino acid:conversion of tyrosine and catecholamine synthesis. conversion of tryptophan. d.degradation of branch amino acid. (5)Metabolism of nucleotide acid 1)Grasping following points: a.de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide:substrates,process,key enzyme,conversion of IMP to AMP and GMP,conversion of UMP to CTP. b.synthesis of dNTPs. c.regulation of nucleotide acid synthesis. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.salvage pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide acid b.degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide acid. 3)getting a general idea on: a.antimetabolite:concepts and mechanism. b.abnormal metabolism of purine nucleotide:uarthritis. (6)hemal and liver biochemistry 1)Grasping following points:
a. factors affecting oxidative phosphorylation. (4) Metabolism of amino acids 1) Grasping following points: a. dietary protein: function and nutrition value. b. degradation of amino acid: transamination, oxidative deamination and transdeamination. c. urea cycle: process and significance. d. function of histamine, γ- aminobutyric acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine. e. one carbon unit: carrier, name and function. f. physical function of phosphate creatine, SAM and PAPS. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. catalytic characteristics of protein hydrolase in pancreatic juice. b. α- ketone acid: classification and biotransformation. 3) getting a general idea on: a. carriers involving amino acid absorption. b. putrefaction and hyperammonemia. c. aromatic amino acid: conversion of tyrosine and catecholamine synthesis; conversion of tryptophan . d. degradation of branch amino acid. (5) Metabolism of nucleotide acid 1) Grasping following points: a. de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide: substrates, process, key enzyme , conversion of IMP to AMP and GMP, conversion of UMP to CTP. b. synthesis of dNTPs. c. regulation of nucleotide acid synthesis. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. salvage pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide acid. b. degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide acid. 3) getting a general idea on: a. antimetabolite: concepts and mechanism. b. abnormal metabolism of purine nucleotide: uarthritis. (6) hemal and liver biochemistry 1) Grasping following points:
a.synthesis of heme:substrates.key enzymes and regulation. b.metabolism ofred blood cell:pathway(2,3BPG branch pathway)and significance c.oxidation and reduction system:composition and function. d.Fe:absorption and metabolism. e.biotransformation:concepts,classifications and significance. f.bile pigment:origin,transportation,conversion in liver,excretion in intestine and bilinogen enterohepatic circulation g.bile acid:origin,classifications,transportation,conversion in iver,excretion in intestine and bile acid enterohepatic circulation. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.plasma protein:composition,classifications (ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis),and main function. b.status of liver in material metabolism c.mixed function oxidase:function. 3)getting a general idea on: a.metabolism of White Blood Cell and metabolism of lipid in RBC. b.jaundice Module 4 Transmission of genetic information ()）DNA replication 1)Grasping following points: a.central dogma. b.DNAreplication:basic laws.Process and enzymes(DNA polymerase)involved. Significance. c.Telomere and telomerase:composition and function 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.DNA damage:concepts. b.DNA repair:types(excision repair)and enzymes involved c.Characteristics of reverse transcription. 3)getting a general idea on: a.other replication styles b.types of mutation. (2)RNA synthesis
a. synthesis of heme: substrates, key enzymes and regulation. b. metabolism of red blood cell: pathway( 2,3BPG branch pathway) and significance. c. oxidation and reduction system: composition and function. d. Fe: absorption and metabolism. e. biotransformation: concepts, classifications and significance. f. bile pigment: origin, transportation, conversion in liver, excretion in intestine and bilinogen enterohepatic circulation. g. bile acid: origin, classifications, transportation, conversion in liver, excretion in intestine and bile acid enterohepatic circulation. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. plasma protein: composition, classifications ( ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis), and main function. b. status of liver in material metabolism. c. mixed function oxidase: function. 3) getting a general idea on: a. metabolism of White Blood Cell and metabolism of lipid in RBC. b. jaundice Module 4 Transmission of genetic information (1) DNA replication 1) Grasping following points: a. central dogma. b. DNA replication: basic laws. Process and enzymes( DNA polymerase) involved. Significance. c. Telomere and telomerase: composition and function. 2) Familiarizing with following points: a. DNA damage: concepts. b. DNA repair: types(excision repair) and enzymes involved c. Characteristics of reverse transcription. 3) getting a general idea on: a. other replication styles. b. types of mutation. (2) RNA synthesis
1)Grasping following points: a.RNAtranscription:template(promoter-characteristes)and enzymes(RNA polymerase-composition and function.) b.posttranscriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryote 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.posttranscriptional modification of tRNA and rRNA. b.ribozyme 3)getting a general idea on: a.mechanism of intron splicing. (③)protein synthesis 1)Grasping following points: a.biosynthesis system:composition,characteristics and function(aminoacyl tRNA synthetase). b.function of mRNA,tRNA and rRNA. c.synthesis process:initiation(formation of70s initiation complex and (e)IF2) elongation(four steps and EF-Tu/Ts,EFG),termination 2)Familiarizing with following points: a.posttranslational modification and target transportation. 3)getting a general idea on: a.interference and inhibition of protein synthesis(antibiotics and interferon) 4.Experiment or Computer Operation See lab course 5.Preparatory Course Requirement 6.Hours Distribution Hours NO. Content retic Sub- Experi Exer m total Teaching cise Operation Protein's structure and 4 function 2 Nucleic acid's structure 2 and function
1) Grasping following points: a. RNA transcription: template( promoter -characteristcs) and enzymes( RNA polymerase- composition and function.) b. posttranscriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryote. 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. posttranscriptional modification of tRNA and rRNA. b. ribozyme 3) getting a general idea on: a. mechanism of intron splicing. (3) protein synthesis 1) Grasping following points: a. biosynthesis system: composition, characteristics and function(aminoacyl tRNA synthetase). b. function of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. c. synthesis process: initiation( formation of 70s initiation complex and (e)IF2); elongation (four steps and EF-Tu/Ts, EFG); termination 2)Familiarizing with following points: a. posttranslational modification and target transportation. 3) getting a general idea on: a. interference and inhibition of protein synthesis( antibiotics and interferon). 4. Experiment or Computer Operation See lab course. 5. Preparatory Course Requirement 6. Hours Distribution NO. Content Hours Subtotal Theoretic Teaching Experi ment Exer cise Computer Operation 1 Protein’s structure and function 4 2 Nucleic acid’s structure and function 2
3 En☑yme and co-en☒yme 4 Glycoconjugate 2 Cell structure 2 Cell membrane 4 Intracellular compartments and protein sorting DNA.chromosomes and genomes The cvtoskeleton 2 10 Energy conversion: mitochondria Mechanisms of cell communication 2 12 Cell cycle 2 13 Apoptosis and cancer 2 14 2 renewal 15 Metabolism of 5 Carbohydrates 16 Metabolism of Lipids 5 17 Biological oxidation 2 18 Metabolism of amino 3 acids Metabolism of 19 nucleotide acid 20 3 21 DNAreplication 3 22 RNA synthesis 3 23 Protein synthesis 4 24 Flexible hours Total 68
3 Enzyme and co-enzyme 4 4 Glycoconjugate 2 5 Cell structure 2 6 Cell membrane 4 7 Intracellular compartments and protein sorting 2 8 DNA, chromosomes and genomes 2 9 The cytoskeleton 2 10 Energy conversion: mitochondria 2 11 Mechanisms of cell communication 2 12 Cell cycle 2 13 Apoptosis and cancer 2 14 Specialized tissues, stem cells and tissue renewal 2 15 Metabolism of Carbohydrates 5 16 Metabolism of Lipids 5 17 Biological oxidation 2 18 Metabolism of amino acids 3 19 Metabolism of nucleotide acid 2 20 Hemal and liver biochemistry 3 21 DNA replication 3 22 RNA synthesis 3 23 Protein synthesis 4 24 Flexible hours 4 Total 68
7.Textbooks and Main Reference Books Textbooks: Molecular Biology of the Cell,5th edition,Bruce Alberts,Alexander Johnson,Julian Lewis,Martin Raff,Keith Roberts,Peter Walter,Published by Garland Science.Taylor 8 Francis Group,2007. Biochemistry-The molecular basis of life.4 edition,Trudy McKee.published by Oxford university press,00. Reference books: Molecular Cell Biology,5th edition,published by Garland Science,Taylor Francis Group,2007. Essential Cell Biology.edition,Bruce Alberts.Dennis Bray.Karen Hopkin,Alexande Johnson,Peter Walter.published by Garland Science.Taylor&Francis Group.2003
7. Textbooks and Main Reference Books Textbooks: Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5 th edition, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter, Published by Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007. Biochemistry- The molecular basis of life, 4th edition, Trudy McKee, published by Oxford university press, 2009. Reference books: Molecular Cell Biology, 5th edition, published by Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2007. Essential Cell Biology, 2nd edition, Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Karen Hopkin, Alexander Johnson, Peter Walter, published by Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, 2003