Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction 1.The Functions of Running System (1)Changing the driving torque on the driving wheel into driving force of automobiles and tractors,and changing the rotating of the driving wheels into automobiles'moving on the ground. (2)Transferring and bearing the reacting force and torque that roads act on the wheels. (3)Easing the impact and vibration caused by uneven road to ensure good riding comfort of automobiles and tractors;besides, working together with steering system to achieve correct control of the driving directions,which ensures the control stability of the automobiles and tractors (4)Bearing all the weight of automobiles and tractors. 机械电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 1. The Functions of Running System (1) Changing the driving torque on the driving wheel into driving force of automobiles and tractors, and changing the rotating of the driving wheels into automobiles’ moving on the ground. (2) Transferring and bearing the reacting force and torque that roads act on the wheels. (3) Easing the impact and vibration caused by uneven road to ensure good riding comfort of automobiles and tractors; besides, working together with steering system to achieve correct control of the driving directions, which ensures the control stability of the automobiles and tractors. (4) Bearing all the weight of automobiles and tractors. Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction 2.Traveling Principle ↑，P Ya (b) Figure 4-1 Traveling principle of automobiles and tractors (a)Automobiles (b)Wheeled tractors Ma.Driving torque Pa.Driving force G.Gravity force Pre.Rolling resistance of front wheels PRolling resistance of rare wheels P.Traction resistance Y.Vertical reaction of front wheels Ya.Vertical reaction of rare wheels v.Heading 业机械电子工程学 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 2. Traveling Principle Figure 4-1 Traveling principle of automobiles and tractors (a) Automobiles (b) Wheeled tractors . Driving torque . Driving force G. Gravity force . Rolling resistance of front wheels . Rolling resistance of rare wheels . Traction resistance . Vertical reaction of front wheels . Vertical reaction of rare wheels . Heading Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction 3.The Components of Running System 3.1 The Composition of Automobiles'Running Systems Generally,the running system of automobile includes the frame, axles,wheels and suspension. Figure 4-2 The composition of automobiles'running systems 1.Front suspension 2.Frame 3.Rare suspension 4.Drive axle 5.Rare wheels 6.Front wheels 7.Driven axle 机械电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 3. The Components of Running System 3.1 The Composition of Automobiles’ Running Systems Generally, the running system of automobile includes the frame, axles, wheels and suspension. Figure 4-2 The composition of automobiles’ running systems 1. Front suspension 2. Frame 3. Rare suspension 4. Drive axle 5. Rare wheels 6. Front wheels 7. Driven axle Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction 3.2 Characteristics and Composition of Tractors'Running Systems Generally,wheeled tractors'running systems are composed by the frame,front axle and wheels Tractors are mainly used in fields,so their running systems have the following characteristics compared to automobiles: (1)Generally using larger diameter balloon tyres,and having raised patterns. (2)Guide wheel is small in diameter,and with one or several ring patterns. 业机械电子工程学聚 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 3.2 Characteristics and Composition of Tractors’ Running Systems Generally, wheeled tractors’ running systems are composed by the frame, front axle and wheels. Tractors are mainly used in fields, so their running systems have the following characteristics compared to automobiles: (1) Generally using larger diameter balloon tyres, and having raised patterns. (2)Guide wheel is small in diameter, and with one or several ring patterns. Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction (3)Great ground clearance,and that of some tractors is adjustable.Adjustable wheel base. (4)Generally not installed flexible suspension and shock absorbers on the rear axle;Rear axle and the body are rigid connection,but front axle and the body are hinged connection. (5)Wheels of paddy field tractors with high pattern tyres, inserted paddy wheels,paddy impeller,interval tread shoe,etc.. 机械电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System (3) Great ground clearance, and that of some tractors is adjustable. Adjustable wheel base. (4) Generally not installed flexible suspension and shock absorbers on the rear axle; Rear axle and the body are rigid connection, but front axle and the body are hinged connection. (5) Wheels of paddy field tractors with high pattern tyres, inserted paddy wheels , paddy impeller, interval tread shoe, etc.. Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 1 Introduction Figure 4-3 The ground clearance of tractors ha.Road ground clearance h.Agricultural ground clearance 业机械与电子工学原 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System Figure 4-3 The ground clearance of tractors . Road ground clearance . Agricultural ground clearance Section 1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Running System Section 2 Frame 1.Automobile Frame The structures of automobile frame basically can be divided into ladder type frame,central frame(or backbone-type frame )and integrated frame. 1.1 Ladder Type Frame Easy to install; Convenient to modify automobiles 17181920 or develop a variety of automobiles. (a) (b) Figure 4-4 Frame of Dongfeng-EQ1090E automobile (a)Framework assembly (b)Tow-hook part 机械与电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 1. Automobile Frame The structures of automobile frame basically can be divided into ladder type frame, central frame(or backbone-type frame ) and integrated frame. 1.1 Ladder Type Frame Easy to install; Convenient to modify automobiles or develop a variety of automobiles. Figure 4-4 Frame of Dongfeng-EQ1090E automobile (a) Framework assembly (b) Tow-hook part Section 2 Frame
Chapter 4 Running System Section 2 Frame 1.2 Central Frame Great torsional stiffness; Wheels have more motion space; Processing complex. 00 Figure 4-5 Structure of central frame 1.3 Integrated Frame The deformation of central frame Figure 4-6 Integrated frame 机被与电子工学成 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 1.2 Central Frame Great torsional stiffness; Wheels have more motion space; Processing complex. 1.3 Integrated Frame The deformation of central frame Figure 4-5 Structure of central frame Figure 4-6 Integrated frame Section 2 Frame
Chapter 4 Running System Section 2 Frame Parts of cars and buses abolish the frame,and the car body is also on behalf of the frame. Figure 4-7 Distribution diagram of the shell piece of the frameless body 1.Top cap 2.Upside of front fan shelf 3.Reinforce bracing 4.Front panel 5.Front mudguard 6.Radiator frame 7.Front longitudinal of bottom plate 8.Bottom plate components 9.Back plate of boot 10.Components of side sill 11.Squab panel 12.Upside of rare fan shelf 业机械电子工程学度二 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System Parts of cars and buses abolish the frame, and the car body is also on behalf of the frame. Figure 4-7 Distribution diagram of the shell piece of the frameless body 1. Top cap 2. Upside of front fan shelf 3. Reinforce bracing 4. Front panel 5. Front mudguard 6. Radiator frame 7. Front longitudinal of bottom plate 8. Bottom plate components 9. Back plate of boot 10. Components of side sill 11. Squab panel 12. Upside of rare fan shelf Section 2 Frame
Chapter 4 Running System Section 2 Frame 2.Tractor Frame 2.1 Full-beam Frame Easily disassemble,but using more metal and easy to deform. Figure 4-8 Full-beam frame 1.Front frame 2.Front cross beam 3.Rear cross beam 4,7.Longeron 6.Bogie shaft 机城电子工程现 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Chapter 4 Running System 2. Tractor Frame 2.1 Full-beam Frame Easily disassemble, but using more metal and easy to deform. Figure 4-8 Full-beam frame 1. Front frame 2. Front cross beam 3. Rear cross beam 4,7. Longeron 6. Bogie shaft Section 2 Frame