Introduction 1.The Development of Automobile and Tractor 1.1 The development of automobile In 1886,a German called Karl Benz(Carl Benz)successfully developed the world's first single-cylinder two-stroke gasoline three-wheeled vehicles. 业械电子工程学度二 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction 1. The Development of Automobile and Tractor 1.1 The development of automobile In 1886, a German called Karl Benz (Carl Benz) successfully developed the world's first single-cylinder & two-stroke gasoline three-wheeled vehicles
Introduction In 1901,foreign cars entered into China. July 15,1953,First Automobile Manufactory started to build in Changchun. Completed in October 1956,it began to produce more than 1,600 trucks named Jie fang in this year,which ended the history that our country could not produce vehicles. 1958,the first car named Dong feng was produced in China,and then small batch of Red Flag CA770 cars were produced.As a result,automobile production had expanded rapidly. First car rush.The end of the last century 50's and 60's across the country a group of auto repair shop into a car factory,so that the variety of cars and production further.Productionof 22,000 cars in 1960,56,000 in 1966. Second car rush.In 1975,China built the second largest car manufacturer and a number of military factories,production of 150,000 cars in 1979,220,000 in 1980, 440,000 vehicle production in 1985. 机被有电子工程学原 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction In 1901,foreign cars entered into China. July 15,1953, First Automobile Manufactory started to build in Changchun. Completed in October 1956,it began to produce more than 1,600 trucks named Jie fang in this year, which ended the history that our country could not produce vehicles. 1958, the first car named Dong feng was produced in China，and then small batch of Red Flag CA770 cars were produced. As a result, automobile production had expanded rapidly. First car rush. The end of the last century 50’s and 60’s across the country a group of auto repair shop into a car factory, so that the variety of cars and production further. Production of 22,000 cars in 1960, 56,000 in 1966. Second car rush. In 1975, China built the second largest car manufacturer and a number of military factories, production of 150,000 cars in 1979，220,000 in 1980, 440,000 vehicle production in 1985
Introduction Third car rush.China introduced foreign advanced technology,and joint venture to produce automobiles,the automobile quality,and variety production had been increased significantly. In 1992,China's automobile production exceeded one million mark for the first time,reaching 1.08 million,and in 1993 reaching 1.28 million,China began to stride forward the auto power.In 1996,China'auto output increased significantly, reaching 1.48 million,out in the world 11th. In 2002,automobile production reached 3.2 million,of which 1.1 million cars. On this basis,China'cars will catch up with the United States in 2020,the automobile production and sales both nearly 20 million in USA at present. In 2005,China produced 5.707 million vehicles,imported 0.16 million,the total sales of 5.92 million exceeded 5.8 million of the Japanese mainland.Just under the United States,ranking second in the world. In 2004,car production was 2.3 million;2.6 million cars were produced in 2005.China's auto output reached 6.4 million in 2006 机械电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction Third car rush. China introduced foreign advanced technology, and joint venture to produce automobiles, the automobile quality, and variety production had been increased significantly. In 1992, China’s automobile production exceeded one million mark for the first time, reaching 1.08 million, and in 1993 reaching 1.28 million, China began to stride forward the auto power . In 1996,China’auto output increased significantly, reaching 1.48 million, out in the world 11th. In 2002, automobile production reached 3.2 million, of which 1.1 million cars. On this basis, China’cars will catch up with the United States in 2020, the automobile production and sales both nearly 20 million in USA at present. In 2005, China produced 5.707 million vehicles, imported 0.16 million, the total sales of 5.92 million exceeded 5.8 million of the Japanese mainland. Just under the United States, ranking second in the world. In 2004, car production was 2.3 million; 2.6 million cars were produced in 2005.China's auto output reached 6.4 million in 2006
Introduction In 2005,the world had 800 million cars.China had 33,56 million,3-4 cars in every 100 people,and the world average was one car in every eight people,while the United States one car per person. In China,the development of agricultural automobile is also very fast,annual production and sales of more than 300 million. 1.2 The overview of tractor development In 1959,the first tractor factory was built in China-Luoyang First Tractor Factory,which started to produce Eastemn Red tractor.Since then the country had built a number of tractor plants and diesel engine plants,which produced various types of tractors and diesel engines. At present,our country holds more than 16 million tractors,of which more than 1 million units in large and medium tractors,annual tractor output of 200 million units.Type and model range. Due to the different national conditions from other nations,China's production of tractors are mainly in small and medium-based during over 40 years,a smaller Northwest A&F University 机械对电子工程擦 Automobile and Tractor
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction In 2005, the world had 800 million cars. China had 33,56 million, 3-4 cars in every 100 people, and the world average was one car in every eight people, while the United States one car per person. In China, the development of agricultural automobile is also very fast , annual production and sales of more than 300 million. 1.2 The overview of tractor development In 1959, the first tractor factory was built in China - Luoyang First Tractor Factory, which started to produce Eastern Red tractor. Since then the country had built a number of tractor plants and diesel engine plants, which produced various types of tractors and diesel engines. At present, our country holds more than 16 million tractors , of which more than 1 million units in large and medium tractors, annual tractor output of 200 million units. Type and model range. Due to the different national conditions from other nations, China's production of tractors are mainly in small and medium-based during over 40 years, a smaller
Introduction proportion of large tractors,and wheeled tractors are mainly two-wheel drive.With the development of national economy and scientific and technological progress in recent years,the power range of tractors is wider,100 horsepower four-wheel drive tractor models of large-scale increase and in the level of overall design and manufacture of the tractor is generally improved.New materials,and advanced technology are in general applied.Meanwhile,tractor products have entered the international market. 1.3 The overview of internal combustion engine development The development of internal combustion engines and that of automobile and tractor was similar.In the 100 years of development history,two important landmark development stages are:the early 20th century,the rise of the supercharger 50 in the extensive application of internal combustion engine products; 20th century,70 starting age of computer technology and electronic technology in the development of internal combustion engines. (1)The overall performance is continuously improved. 械电子工程学 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction proportion of large tractors, and wheeled tractors are mainly two-wheel drive. With the development of national economy and scientific and technological progress in recent years, the power range of tractors is wider, 100 horsepower four-wheel drive tractor models of large-scale increase and in the level of overall design and manufacture of the tractor is generally improved. New materials, and advanced technology are in general applied. Meanwhile, tractor products have entered the internationalmarket. 1.3 The overview of internal combustion engine development The development of internal combustion engines and that of automobile and tractor was similar. In the 100 years of development history, two important landmark development stages are: the early 20th century, the rise of the supercharger 50 in the extensive application of internal combustion engine products; 20th century, 70 starting age of computer technology and electronic technology in the development of internal combustion engines. (1) The overall performance is continuously improved
Introduction Power performance power per liter of gasoline has reached 45-70kW/L,some even up to 90kW.Diesel engine is 27kW/L,up to 45.5kW. Economy:gasoline engine fuel consumption rate is 280g/kWh,diesel engine is as low as 180g/kWh. Reliability overhaul of 12000-15000h,some up to 20000h. Massic 1.36 kg/kW. (2)Supercharger technology is widely used. (3)The rapid development ofelectronic controltechnology. (4)More and more use of new materials. 机被与电子工程学聚 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction Power performance : power per liter of gasoline has reached 45-70kW/L, some even up to 90kW. Diesel engine is 27kW / L, up to 45.5kW. Economy : gasoline engine fuel consumption rate is 280g/kWh, diesel engine is as low as 180g/kWh. Reliability : overhaul of 12000-15000h,some up to 20000h. Massic : 1.36 kg/kW. (2) Supercharger technology is widely used. (3) The rapid development of electronic controltechnology. (4) More and more use of new materials
Introduction 2.The Type of Automobile and Tractor 2.1 The type of automobile Automobile can be divided by different classification methods. 2.1.1 Classification by use transport automobile and special automobile are divided into two categories. 2.1.1.1 Transport automobile (1)Car swept volume below 1L-Minicar,swept volume 1.0-1.6L-General Car;swept volume 1.6-2.5L-Intermediate Car;swept volume 2.5-4L-Middle- and-High Car;swept volume over 4L-Advanced Car. (2)Coach length 3.5m-Microbus length 3.5-7m-Light Bus length 7- 10m-Middle Bus length 10-12m-Motorbus length over 12m or double deck coach length 10-12m-Oversize Coach. (3)Van gross weight less than 1.8t-Minivan gross weight 1.8-6t-Light Van gross weight 6-14t-Middle Van gross weight over 14t -Large Van. (4)Drag automobile:exclusively or mainly used for dragging a car trailer. 械电子工程学度 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction 2. The Type of Automobile and Tractor 2.1 The type of automobile Automobile can be divided by different classification methods. 2.1.1 Classification by use : transport automobile and special automobile are divided into two categories. 2.1.1.1 Transport automobile (1) Car : swept volume below 1L—Minicar; swept volume 1.0－1.6L—General Car; swept volume 1.6－2.5L —Intermediate Car; swept volume 2.5－4L—Middleand-High Car; swept volume over 4L —Advanced Car. (2) Coach : length 3.5m－ Microbus； length 3.5-7m－ Light Bus； length 7- 10m－Middle Bus；length 10-12m－Motorbus；length over 12m or double deck coach length 10-12m－Oversize Coach． (3) Van : gross weight less than 1.8t－Minivan； gross weight 1.8-6t－Light Van； gross weight 6-14t－Middle Van；gross weight over 14t －Large Van． (4) Drag automobile : exclusively or mainly used for dragging a car trailer
Introduction 2.1.1.2 Special automobile:Vehicles are based on the special requirements designed or modified,which are mainly used for the work except transport. (1)Recreational cars:such as tourism cars,golf cars,beach cars. (2)Race cars. (3)Special operations cars:sanitation operating cars,ambulances,fire engines and other public security. 2.1.2 Classification by type of power plant: (1)Internal combustion engine vehicle. (2)Electric vehicle. 2.1.3 Classification by road conditions: (1)Highway vehicle. (2)Sports utility vehicle. 2.2 The type of tractor 2.2.1 Classification by use:Industrial,Forestry and Agricultural tractors. Agricultural tractor can be divided into: 械电子工程学 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction 2.1.1.2 Special automobile: Vehicles are based on the special requirements designed or modified, which are mainly used for the work except transport. (1) Recreational cars : such as tourism cars, golf cars, beach cars. (2) Race cars. (3) Special operations cars : sanitation operating cars, ambulances, fire engines and other public security. 2.1.2 Classification by type of power plant: (1) Internal combustion engine vehicle. (2) Electric vehicle. 2.1.3 Classification by road conditions: (1) Highway vehicle. (2) Sports utility vehicle. 2.2 The type of tractor 2.2.1 Classification by use : Industrial, Forestry and Agricultural tractors. Agricultural tractor can be divided into :
Introduction (1)General tractor. (2)Garden tractor. (3)Row crop tractor. (4)Special purpose tractor. 2.2.2 Classification by walking device: (1)Crawler tractor (2)Wheeled tractor (3)Walking tractor (4)Boat tractor 2.2.3 Classification by Power Size (1)Over 100 horsepower-large tractor. (2)20-100 horsepower-middle tractor. (3)Below 20 horsepower-small tractor. Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction (1) General tractor. (2) Garden tractor. (3) Row crop tractor. (4) Special purpose tractor. 2.2.2 Classification by walking device : (1) Crawler tractor (2) Wheeled tractor (3) Walking tractor (4) Boat tractor 2.2.3 Classification by Power Size : (1) Over 100 horsepower – large tractor. (2) 20-100 horsepower – middle tractor. (3) Below 20 horsepower – small tractor
Introduction 3.Model of Domestic Automobile and Tractor 3.1 Model of automobile It consists of3 parts:the header,middle,tail component. header middle tail Special automobile catalog number and enterprise code, front part is alphabet,rear is alphabet or number. Serial number,is denoted by one arabic numeral, usually refers to improved serial number. Main feature parameter code,denoted by two arabic numerals. Category code,is denoted by one arabic numeral Enterprise name code,denoted by 2~3 Chinese pinyin alphabets. 场机被与电子工程学保 Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University
Automobile and Tractor Northwest A&F University Introduction 3. Model of Domestic Automobile and Tractor 3.1 Model of automobile It consists of 3 parts: the header, middle, tail component. header middle tail Special automobile catalog number and enterprise code, front part is alphabet， rear is alphabet or number. Serial number，is denoted by one arabic numeral, usually refers to improved serial number. Main feature parameter code， denoted by two arabic numerals. Category code, is denoted by one arabic numeral. Enterprise name code， denoted by 2~3 Chinese pinyin alphabets