天津职业大学文本 World History of Spectacles_眼屈光学.doc_大学文库

In the libraries in Yenice in Northern Italy and the abbeys in Pisa there are the oldest practical spectacles,then it's knomn that the people at that time (1300 BC) could already make the lenses.The Crystal Processing Trade Consortia in Venice had made the regulations that glass could not be used to make lenses for spectacles as the counterfeit of crystal,which showed that the crystal without flaws as strias was valuable.One year later,glass became to be used in lenses manufacturing under the condition of "spectacles for reading".which must be marked "nade of glass". In Germany,the word Spectacles becane known by the people in 1250,and the trade of spectacles manufacturing had been noted in the statutes publicized by the govermment of Nurerberg in 1498.In 1600 there set up a spectacles manufacturer in Regensburg.Germany.At that tine the word for spectacles in Germn was Parill,which is not used today. The oldest style of spectacles was the riveted ones.which had simple wooden franes with lenses inlayed and a short handle riveted with each spectacles frame. The spectacles made of boxwood with single-convex lenses was found in the Abbey of Housevell in 1953.which was the product of the 14th -15th century.Later the two spectacles frames became to be connected by temples,which was called temple spectacles or arc spectacles.Also there were kinds of belt spectacles or ribbon spectacles in which the straps was used to tie up the spectacles with heads. Except in Venice,the spectacles industry had been originated and primarily developed in Spain and the Netherlands in the Middle Ages.As the legend goes,the roving merchants and the spectacles shops froa the Netherlands had entered into Germany and the Spectacles Manufacturing Trade Consortias were set up in Regensburg. Augsburg and Nuresherg in 1950,which had spread its sales of spectacles all around Germny and the Europe.And a lot of manufacturers had set up branches in central European cities.They enjoyed a high credit standing for the fine quality of their products.Bowever,the trade in the region declined since the 17th century. Since 1810,the spectacles made of glass had appeared in Vienna.which was nade by two connected pieces of glass of the same quality

In the libraries in Venice in Northern Italy and the abbeys in Pisa there are the oldest practical spectacles, then it's known that the people at that time (1300 BC) could already make the lenses. The Crystal Processing Trade Consortia in Venice had made the regulations that glass could not be used to make lenses for spectacles as the counterfeit of crystal, which showed that the crystal without flaws as strias was valuable. One year later, glass became to be used in lenses manufacturing under the condition of "spectacles for reading", which must be marked "made of glass". In Germany, the word Spectacles became known by the people in 1250, and the trade of spectacles manufacturing had been noted in the statutes publicized by the government of Nuremberg in 1498. In 1600 there set up a spectacles manufacturer in Regensburg, Germany. At that time the word for spectacles in German was Parill, which is not used today. The oldest style of spectacles was the riveted ones, which had simple wooden frames with lenses inlayed and a short handle riveted with each spectacles frame. The spectacles made of boxwood with single-convex lenses was found in the Abbey of Housewell in 1953, which was the product of the 14th -15th century. Later the two spectacles frames became to be connected by temples, which was called temple spectacles or arc spectacles. Also there were kinds of belt spectacles or ribbon spectacles in which the straps was used to tie up the spectacles with heads. Except in Venice, the spectacles industry had been originated and primarily developed in Spain and the Netherlands in the Middle Ages. As the legend goes, the roving merchants and the spectacles shops from the Netherlands had entered into Germany and the Spectacles Manufacturing Trade Consortias were set up in Regensburg, Augsburg and Nuremberg in 1950, which had spread its sales of spectacles all around Germany and the Europe. And a lot of manufacturers had set up branches in central European cities. They enjoyed a high credit standing for the fine quality of their products. However, the trade in the region declined since the 17th century. Since 1840, the spectacles made of glass had appeared in Vienna, which was made by two connected pieces of glass of the same quality

And for the interest in the optics as well as the intent to get more well-off by it,a priest nmed Dumoker founded the first lenses polishing factory in Germany at the military orphanage of Rathenan Havel in 1767,which later developed into world-fanous Dunoker Foundation of Ratn enower lenses and spectacles frames industry. It still has several companies today.The technology of the lenses had been developed slowly and the lenses having correct inaging had not been successfully made until the early 20th century,which was manufactured in the factory at Jena of Zeiss company belonged to Prof.Eabbe.And this kind of lenses was co-naned by the partners M. V.Rohr and 0.Henker. At the end of the 19th century.the lemses made by Rodenstock at Munich becan to be sold in the narket.which is still one of the nost famous lenses factories. In 1920,C.P.Goerz was set up in Berlin,which was the preexistence of famed Carl Zeiss. It shows that,by the crystal mgnifying glasses excavated out from the mausoleun of the East Han Dynasty.the glasses had existed ever in the early days of the East Han Dynasty (Ist century BC).In the historical record,there were already circular single-glass spectacles (today's magnifying glasses)in the Tang Dynasty,which had been used by Zhu Zhishan.a fanous writer of that age.And daring the reign of Enperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty,the Manufacturing Department had got numbers of orders fron the emperor to make spectacles for his enjoyment.During that time the erperor also had spectacles in the imperial sleeping palace.the Vinter Palace and his owm sedan-chair.In 1727.the fifth year of his reign,the emperor had given orders to manufacture bubbling glass eyepatches and single-stone glass eyepatches to be rewarded to the engineers of the Engineering Department.In 1729,the seventh year of his reig,a foreigner naned Dai Jingxian presented a pair of occidental spectacles made of glass to the emperor,who then made order to initate the spectacles. Meanwhile,the emperor had oftem given spectacles to his ministers as awards. It's rarely knomn to us the early processing nethods of spectacles,some of which can only he acquired froa the sarples in the museums.It's knomn from the exhibits and the historical data that the lenses in the early age were made by polished jade

And for the interest in the optics as well as the intent to get more well-off by it, a priest named Dunoker founded the first lenses polishing factory in Germany at the military orphanage of Rathenan Havel in 1767, which later developed into world-famous Dunoker Foundation of Ratn enower lenses and spectacles frames industry. It still has several companies today. The technology of the lenses had been developed slowly and the lenses having correct imaging had not been successfully made until the early 20th century, which was manufactured in the factory at Jena of Zeiss company belonged to Prof. Eabbe. And this kind of lenses was co-named by the partners M. V. Rohr and O. Henker. At the end of the 19th century, the lenses made by Rodenstock at Munich began to be sold in the market, which is still one of the most famous lenses factories. In 1920, C. P. Goerz was set up in Berlin, which was the preexistence of famed Carl Zeiss. It shows that, by the crystal magnifying glasses excavated out from the mausoleum of the East Han Dynasty, the glasses had existed ever in the early days of the East Han Dynasty (1st century BC). In the historical record, there were already circular single-glass spectacles (today's magnifying glasses) in the Tang Dynasty, which had been used by Zhu Zhishan, a famous writer of that age. And during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the Manufacturing Department had got numbers of orders from the emperor to make spectacles for his enjoyment. During that time the emperor also had spectacles in the imperial sleeping palace, the Winter Palace and his own sedan-chair. In 1727, the fifth year of his reign, the emperor had given orders to manufacture bubbling glass eyepatches and single-stone glass eyepatches to be rewarded to the engineers of the Engineering Department. In 1729, the seventh year of his reign, a foreigner named Dai Jingxian presented a pair of occidental spectacles made of glass to the emperor, who then made order to imitate the spectacles. Meanwhile, the emperor had often given spectacles to his ministers as awards. It's rarely known to us the early processing methods of spectacles, some of which can only be acquired from the samples in the museums. It's known from the exhibits and the historical data that the lenses in the early age were made by polished jade

天津职业大学 文本 World History of Spectacles_眼屈光学

天津职业大学文本 World History of Spectacles_眼屈光学