outline 1.Dialect varieties 1)ethnic dialect 2)language and gender 3)Pidgin and Creole 4)bilingualism and diglossia 2.Register:1)field and course 2)mode of discourse 3)tenor of discourse 3.Language and Culture 1)Definition of culture 2)The relationship between Language and Culture 3)Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
outline 1.Dialect varieties 1) ethnic dialect 2) language and gender 3) Pidgin and Creole 4) bilingualism and diglossia 2.Register : 1) field and course 2)mode of discourse 3)tenor of discourse 3.Language and Culture 1) Definition of culture 2) The relationship between Language and Culture 3) Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
1.Ethnic Dialect(少数民族方言) An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences,it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. 一何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》P118
1.Ethnic Dialect(少数民族方言) • An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences, it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. —何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》P118
Black English It is spoken by a large part of American blacks who often have low social status It differs from Standard American English(SAM)in rules that are similar to the rules of other language varieties. It has a portion of vocabulary of its own. It has a few distinctive phonological,morphological,and syntactic features
Black English • It is spoken by a large part of American blacks who often have low social status . • It differs from Standard American English (SAM) in rules that are similar to the rules of other language varieties. • It has a portion of vocabulary of its own. • It has a few distinctive phonological, morphological, and syntactic features
1)A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word. 就语音而言，最为显著的语音特征是对词尾的辅音连缀进行简化 e.g. SAM B.E passed p a:st/ pa:s/ mend mend men/ desk desk/ des told /ta心ld/ /ta5/
1)A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the simplification of consonant clusters at the end of a word. 就语音而言，最为显著的语音特征是对词尾的辅音连缀进行简化 e.g. SAM B.E passed / p ɑ: s t / / p ɑ: s / mend / mend / / men / desk / desk / / des / told / t ə ʊ ld / / t ə ʊ l/
2)The morphological feature e.g. 1.er→a nigger -----nigga player ------playa 2.KX/cks→X thanks------thanx checks------chex
2)The morphological feature e.g. 1.er → a nigger ------ nigga player ------ playa 2.Kx / cks → x thanks ------ thanx checks ------ chex
3)The differences between the Black English and the standard form exist not only in phonology but also in syntax. 3.1 ASM B.E There is It is e.g.Is it a Mr.Smith in this office? Is there a Mr.Smith in this office?
3)The differences between the Black English and the standard form exist not only in phonology but also in syntax. 3.1 ASM B.E There is → It is e.g. Is it a Mr. Smith in this office? Is there a Mr. Smith in this office?
3.2 It has often cited to show its illogicality is the deletion of the link verb“be”. e.g. B.E ASM He nice → He is nice They mine → They are mine. That house big.That house is big
3.2 It has often cited to show its illogicality is the deletion of the link verb “be”. e.g. B.E ASM He nice . → He is nice . They mine . → They are mine. That house big. → That house is big
3.3 Black English uses double negation constructions. 黑人英语中的双重否定结构也是有体系的：当一个动词被 否定时，句中的any→no anything→nothing anywhere→nowhere e.g. B.E ASM He don't know nothing He doesn't know anything Tom don't ever go nowhere. Tom never goes anywhere. I ain't afraid of no devils. → I am not afraid of any devils
3.3 Black English uses double negation constructions. 黑人英语中的双重否定结构也是有体系的：当一个动词被 否定时，句中的 any → no anything → nothing anywhere → nowhere … e.g. B.E ASM He don’t know nothing. → He doesn’t know anything. Tom don’t ever go nowhere. → Tom never goes anywhere. I ain’t afraid of no devils. → I am not afraid of any devils
2.Language and gender It is interesting to know that the language used by men and women have some special features of their own. 一何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》P116 1).Gender differentiation is reflected in the use of certain lexical items
2.Language and gender • It is interesting to know that the language used by men and women have some special features of their own. —何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》P116 1) . Gender differentiation is reflected in the use of certain lexical items
adorable Women's words are charming Women expressive adjectives that cute covey approval or sweet admiration. fantastic Men are much more fine Men likely to phrase their good approval or liking by using great a neutral adjective
Women Women’s words are expressive adjectives that covey approval or admiration. adorable charming cute sweet fantastic Men Men are much more likely to phrase their approval or liking by using a neutral adjective fine good great